大气压双频Ar/O_(2)放电等离子体特性的数值模拟北大核心CSCD

文章采用等离子体流体理论模型,研究了双频容性耦合放电中高频源频率对大气压氩气与氧气混合气体放电等离子体的各类粒子密度与各项等离子体参数的影响。通过模拟不同高频源频率的放电,得到了放电空间中各类粒子的密度、电子温度、电场等参数的一维时空分布,进一步了解了双频放电中高频源频率对等离子体特性的影响作用。研究结果表明:当放电电压固定时,随高频源频率的升高,电子密度逐渐增大;电子温度、电场与电势有下降的趋势;各类氩离子密度与氩原子的亚稳态密度随高频源频率的升高而增大;随高频源频率的升高,各类氧离子密度增大,氧原子密度先减小后增大,氧分子的亚稳态密度先增大后减小。电子压力加热、电子欧姆加热、电子加热和能量损失受高频源频率的影响均逐步升高。此外,有效电流密度与有效功率密度随高频源频率的升高大体增加。     

CdS/T-ZnO_w复合材料的制备及光催化性能研究

采用化学水浴沉积法在T-ZnOw表面上沉积CdS纳米颗粒,用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和场发射表征样品的结构和形貌。并且在常温(25℃)下测试了CdS/T-ZnOw复合材料的光催化性能。结果表明,CdS/T-ZnOw复合材料的光催化性能直接受NH4Cl浓度的影响,可通过调控NH4Cl的浓度来调控CdS纳米颗粒的微观形貌。在0.74～2.99mmol/L范围内,CdS/T-ZnOw复合材料的光催化性能随NH4Cl浓度的增大而增大,在2.99～7.4mmol/L范围内,光催化性能随NH4Cl浓度的增大而减小。     

双稳系统随机共振效应的数值分析

以绝热近似随机共振理论为基础,分析了双稳系统随机共振模型,研究系统参数、噪声强度、信号幅值和频率变化对双稳系统随机共振效应的影响。通过分析得出,输入信号和系统参数一定时,系统发生随机共振所需要的噪声存在一个最佳强度;信号幅值的增大有利于随机共振效应的产生;信号频率的增大将使输出功率谱信号频率处谱峰逐渐离开噪声能量集中的低频区,且谱峰幅度逐渐减小,随机共振效应逐渐弱化消失。针对信号幅值、频率、噪声强度超出绝热近似理论的小参数要求而成为大参数,对变尺度方法实现大参数信号的随机共振进行分析和评述。     

电子膨胀阀开度及制冷剂充灌量对家用空调器性能影响的研究

对于家用变频空调系统,电子膨胀阀开度的改变会影响制冷系统的过冷度、过热度、蒸发压力等,从而影响系统的制冷量和COP。本文主要研究电子膨胀阀开度、压缩机运行频率以及制冷剂充灌量对空调系统性能的影响。研究结果表明:压缩机运行频率一定时,随电子膨胀阀开度的增大,系统的制冷量和COP均先增大后减小,存在最大值,且最大制冷量和最大COP对应的电子膨胀阀开度相同;压缩机在低频运行时,系统具有较高的COP,随制冷剂充灌量的增加,系统的制冷量和COP均先增大后减小,试验机型的最佳制冷剂充灌量为1 230g。     

苯基硅橡胶的动态力学性能研究

用橡胶加工分析仪(RPA2000)表征了SE系列苯基硅橡胶在不同应变、温度、频率下的动态力学性能。结果表明:在不同应变下,SE系列硫化胶随应变的增大弹性模量G′减小,损耗因子tanδ略有上升,混炼胶的黏性扭矩S″增大;在不同温度下,损耗因子tanδ随温度的升高而降低;在不同频率下,混炼胶的损耗因子tanδ随频率的升高而降低,硫化胶的损耗因子tanδ随频率的升高而升高,混炼胶的损耗因子比硫化胶的损耗因子大得多。     

电场对（Ba0.90Ca0.10）TiO3陶瓷铁电性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了（Ba0.90Ca0.10）TiO3陶瓷,在电场1.5～20kV/cm下,在频率为0.01～10Hz范围内,对其电滞回线进行了分析。实验结果表明（Ba0.90Ca0.10）TiO3陶瓷的电滞回线随电场值和频率的变化明显,在低电场下,随着频率的增加矫顽场（Ec）单调减小,在低频下剩余极化（Pr）增加;而在高电场下,随着频率的增加Ec单调增大,电滞回线达到饱和时,电滞回线随不同测试频率无明显变化。     

掺In纳米ZnO、CdS薄膜结构、光学特性分析

采用真空气相沉积法在玻璃衬底上制备纳米级ZnO和CdS薄膜.研究掺In和热处理对ZnO、CdS薄膜结构、光学特性的影响.实验给出,适当掺杂能够明显改善纳米ZnO、CdS薄膜的物相结构,ZnO薄膜的晶粒尺寸随掺杂含量的增加而减小,CdS薄膜晶粒尺寸随掺杂含量的增加而变大,但薄膜的光透射性有所降低.在短波范围内,ZnO薄膜的光透率好于CdS薄膜;在500 nm～1000 nm范围内,CdS薄膜的光透率好.掺In后ZnO薄膜的光学带宽从3.2eV减小至2.85 eV;掺In后CdS薄膜光学带宽从2.42 eV减小至2.35eV.     

激光诱导荧光对激发光束入射角的依赖关系

研究了一种应用较广的机油的激光诱导荧光（LIF）对激光入射角的依赖关系,结果表明,发射谱的形状基本不随入射角改变,荧光强度则随入射角α的增大而减小,当α＜45度时,这种变化较为明显,并于α=0度时的50％左右,此后继续增大α,光的衰减变缓。     

SiCl4/H2辉光放电等离子体中电子特性的在线检测

SiCl4/H2混合气体被公认为低温沉积纳米晶以及多晶硅薄膜最具潜力的气源之一.首次利用加热可调谐Langmuir探针对等离子体增强化学气相沉积系统中的SiCl4/H2放电等离子体的电子浓度和电子平均能量进行了在线检测,并分析了电子特性随系统各参数:气体压强、射频功率及氢稀释度RH的变化规律.实验结果表明:随着气体压强的升高,电子浓度不断增大而电子平均能量不断减小;增大射频功率或减小氢稀释度RH,电子浓度和电子平均能量都相应增大.此外,并对实验结果进行了定性或半定量分析.本研究工作将有助于更好地理解SiCl4/H2放电机理,改善并优化沉积优质多晶硅薄膜的工艺参数.     

电场对(Ba0.97Ca0.03)(Ti0.82Zr0.18)O3无铅压电陶瓷铁电性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了(Ba0.97Ca0.03)(Ti0.82Zr0.18)O3无铅压电陶瓷。在电场1～8kV/cm下,频率为0.01～10Hz范围内,对其电滞回线进行了分析。实验结果表明(Ba0.97Ca0.03)(Ti0.82Zr0.18)O3陶瓷的电滞回线随电场值和频率的变化明显,在低电场下,随着频率的增加矫顽场(Ec)单调减小,在低频下剩余极化(Pr)增加;而在高电场下,随着频率的增加Ec单调增大,电滞回线达到饱和时,电滞回线随不同测试频率无明显变化。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Numerical study of methods of linearization of the output characteristics of radio-frequency sensors of the level of dielectric media

Different constructions of the sensing elements of radio-frequency level sensors based on sections of long lines are numerically investigated by means of the Matlab program for the purpose of minimizing the measurement error caused by the nonlinearity of the output characteristic. It is shown that the nonlinearity is lowest for U-shaped designs. The nonlinearity factor KN may be regulated by varying the capacitance of a correcting capacitor connected to the input of the sensing element and (or) the length of one of the sections of the long line. In selecting an optimal capacitance of the correcting capacitor KN ≤ 0.15% for control media with dielectric permittivity in the range 2.2–30.