用交流孪生靶磁控反应溅射法制备ITO薄膜

采用氧化铟锡(ITO)陶瓷靶(质量分数为90%的In2O3与10%的SnO2)作为溅射源,通过交流孪生靶反应磁控溅射制备出了性能优良的ITO薄膜,其光谱透射率大于85%。结合对所镀制ITO薄膜的表面形貌及化学成分分析,研究了反应气体流量、退火等工艺参数对ITO薄膜光学和电学性能的影响。     

退火气氛对SnO2薄膜结构与成分的影响

研究了低氧分压反应溅射法生长的SnO2薄膜于600℃ O2气氛和Ar气氛退火处理后的表面形貌、晶体结构以及表面成分,发现经氧化性气氛退火处理的SnO2为具有金红石结构的表面多孔薄膜.相比较而言,Ar气氛退火处理后的SnO2薄膜表面较为致密,相结构包含朱氧化完全的β-Sn.XPS分析进一步表明,氧化性气氛退火形成单一组分的SnO2,而惰性气氛退火后薄膜表面含有Sn、SnO和SnO2.另外,研究还发现薄膜表面吸附氧形态与退火气氛有关.     

基于溶胶凝胶法的二氧化锡复合薄膜的制备及表征

以金属无机盐SnCl2.2H2O、CuCl2.2H2O和无水乙醇为原料,用溶胶凝胶法制备了SnO2和CuO掺杂的CuO-SnO2薄膜,并用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和电化学工作站对样品进行了表征。结果表明:随着退火温度的增加,薄膜结晶性变好,晶粒长大,电学特性增强,最佳退火温度确定为450℃。掺杂CuO的SnO2薄膜导电性好于同等条件下未掺杂的SnO2薄膜。SnO2呈四方相金红石结构,衍射峰显示薄膜中存在部分SnO。聚乙二醇的添加增强了SnO2的衍射峰,当超过一定添加量后将抑制晶粒的生长,并使得CuO-SnO2薄膜的导电性呈先减小后增大的趋势。丙三醇的添加可极大改善薄膜的表面形貌,增强了SnO2的衍射峰,且导电性明显变好。     

氧流量和热处理温度对锡酸锌薄膜结构的影响

本文采用锌锡质量比为52:48的Zn-Sn合金靶,利用中频交流反应磁控溅射方法,制备了锡酸锌(Zn2SnO4)晶体薄膜.考察比较了氧流量和热处理温度对锌锡合金氧化物薄膜晶体结构的影响,确定了制备晶态Zn2SnO4薄膜的合适氧流量和热处理温度.通过XRD分析了薄膜的晶体结构和组成.结果表明:室温条件下制备的沉积态锌锡合金氧化物薄膜,均呈非晶态结构;在基底温度为室温,氧流量达到60sccm以上条件下制备锌锡氧化物薄膜进行热处理,热处理温度在高于550℃,薄膜中开始出现Zn2SnO4晶体结构,随着热处理温度升高,薄膜中晶态结构大量增加;在氧流量(60～70) sccm、热处理温度650 ℃条件下,形成完全结晶态Zn2SnO4薄膜.     

铟锡氧化物陶瓷靶的制备

研究了铟锡氧化物(ITO)粉末退火后的组织和结构,比较了不同状态的粉末和制备工艺对ITO靶材的影响.结果表明,纳米ITO粉末在800℃以下具有体心立方In2O3结构,1100℃退火后由In2O3和SnO2两相组成;ITO粉末经过喷雾造粒后,形成了实心球形颗粒并具有合理的颗粒级配,通过气氛烧结可以制备出高密度优良的ITO...     

磁控溅射制备增透ITO薄膜及其性能研究

用射频磁控溅射法在低温下制备了光电性能优良的ITO(In2O3:SnO2=1:1)薄膜。质量流量计调节氩气压强PAr为0.2～3.0Pa,氧流量fO2为0～10sccm,并详细探讨了溅射时PAr和fO2变化对ITO薄膜光学性能的影响。结果表明:fO2的改变引起薄膜中氧空位浓度变化而影响ITO薄膜折射率n;fO2对ITO靶材表面的溅射阀值和对Ar 散射而改变溅射速率。衬底表面粗糙度对ITO薄膜的折射率测量准确性有较大影响。PAr为0.8Pa,fO2为2.4sccm,薄膜厚度为241.5nm时,nmin=1.97,最大透过率为89.4%(包括玻璃基体),方阻为75.9?/□,电阻率为8.8×10-4?·cm。AFM分析表明薄膜表面针刺很少,表面平整(RMS=3.04nm)。     

电致变色热控器件透明导电层的制备与研究

本文针对电致变色热控器件的透明导电层开展了ITO薄膜的制备工艺研究,对薄膜制备过程中的几个主要影响因素(溅射压强、氩/氧比例、退火温度等)进行了分析,并测试了薄膜性能,制备的ITO薄膜电阻在100 Ω～120 Ω左右,在太阳光谱范围的吸收率小于5%,可以满足电致变色器件对透明导电层的要求.     

直流反应磁控溅射法制备CdIn2O4薄膜的光电性能研究

利用直流反应磁控溅射法制备了CdIn2O4(CIO)薄膜,研究了氧浓度、基片温度、溅射时间和退火处理对薄膜光电性能的影响.结果表明电阻率随着氧浓度的增加和溅射时间的减小而增加,随着基片温度的升高先减小后增加;透光率随着氧浓度、基片温度的增加和溅射时间的减小而增加.退火处理后,薄膜的电阻率降低,光吸收边发生"蓝移".点缺陷对薄膜的光电性能产生重要影响,光吸收边的移动是"Burstein-Moss"效应和多体效应共同作用的结果.综合实验结果和理论研究,推荐了直流反应磁控溅射法制备CIO薄膜的最佳条件.此条件下制备薄膜的电阻率为2.95×10-4 Ω·cm,波长为628 nm时薄膜的透光率高达91.7%.     

退火处理对SnO2:F薄膜光电性能的影响

SnO2∶F薄膜作为low-e玻璃的表面功能层材料,广泛应用于节能镀膜玻璃。Low-e玻璃在后期退火(深加工)后,其性能的变化已经引起了学术研究和实际应用方面的的关注。我们对于用化学气相沉积法在玻璃表面沉积的约250nm厚的SnO2∶F薄膜进行不同的退火处理。并通过一系列的研究,结果发现,薄膜的结构、组成、电学、光学性能在氮气和空气两种不同的退火气氛下会有显著的变化。SnO2∶F薄膜的Low-e性能经过空气中高温退火后下降明显。通过计算对比退火后SnO2∶F薄膜的晶格常数和晶胞尺寸,提出了一种对于薄膜Low-e性能下降的合理解释。     

APCVD方法制备SnO2薄膜的结构和光致发光特性

采用常压化学气相沉积法(APCVD)在玻璃衬底上制备出SnO2薄膜,对薄膜的结构和光致发光性质及退火处理对薄膜结构和发光特性的影响进行了研究.制备SnO2薄膜为六角金红石结构,最大晶粒尺寸约为1000nm.室温光致发光(PL)谱测量表明,在396nm处存在强的发光峰.研究了退火处理对发光性质的影响,并对辐射机理进行了探索.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.