短小丝条状物料包装关键技术原理

目的为了提高食品、医疗等行业包装产品的生产效率、自动化程度以及降低企业成本,对能够实现短小丝条状物料连续包装、自动计量和充填来代替人工操作的特殊机械手开展研究。方法应用机电一体化和控制技术,设计一种全自动机械手,机械手整体采用直角坐标型设计方案;机械手由6只料手构成,并配置单片机称量装置,实现自动计量;料手采用多指结构,通过控制料手动作,实现抓取物料和卸放充填包装;机械手水平往复运动和竖直上下运动由PLC控制实现;结果对机械手样机进行试验研究,结果表明该机械手能够模仿人工操作,可以实现对短小丝条状物料的拾取、计量和充填。结论该机械手的设计原理可行,为短小丝条状物料的全自动化包装奠定了技术基础。     

一种包装机械手气动控制系统的研究

为了实现对短小丝条状物料的自动连续包装充填与计量,开发设计了包装充填机械手,机械手的水平运动采用带调速机构的阀控气缸实现分段调速,垂直运动采用PLC-PWM气动高速开关阀实现定位精度和速度控制;机械手料手的抓料和卸料采用简单阀控气缸控制,以满足快速、高精度和低成本的要求.开展了实验研究,机械手竖直定位精度小于2mm,循环时间小于6s,满足控制指标要求.     

一种包装机械手及其控制的研究

目的为提高酸菜丝、榨菜条等短小丝条状类物料连续包装过程的自动化程度和生产效率,研究一种具有自动充填与计量功能的机械手及其有效的控制方法。方法机械手是一气动控制系统,由3个气缸分别实现水平运动、竖直运动和抓料卸料动作,由单片机数据采集与显示系统来实现机械手抓料质量的检测与显示,由PLC实现对整个系统的控制,采用目标观测型变结构仿人智能控制,确保达到控制精度要求。结果在实验室对样机进行了试验研究,气源压力为0.35 MPa,控制信号频率为20 Hz时,料手下端与取料水平面距离为100 mm条件下,机械手完成一个竖直运动循环所需时间小于4 s,每300 g充填质量误差不大于2 g。结论理论分析和实验结果表明,短小丝条状物料包装机械手和控制方法是可行的。     

油井在线监控计量分析系统技术研究及应用

文章论述了采用油井集群自动监测装置与专门的油井计量分析软件结合形成油井远程监控液量在线计量分析优化系统。该系统以采油工程技术、通信技术和计算机技术相结合,具有油井工况数据自动监测、油井液量计量、油井工况诊断、系统效率优化设计等功能。该系统已在大港、中原等油田先导性试验成功并推广应用,可以自动监测油井工况,并可替代或简化计量流程。     

瓦楞纸箱板自动码垛机机械手设计初探

目的研究高效的、可集成于瓦楞纸箱生产线终端的瓦楞纸箱板自动码垛装置。方法通过对六自由度码垛机器人和机械式码垛装置进行研究,在分析其优缺点的基础上,结合企业的技术要求设计瓦楞纸箱板自动码垛装置。在设计方案中采用AHP法,结合企业的要求和生产现场的状况,选择机械式码垛设计方案。结果确定了新型瓦楞纸板箱码垛成套装置设计方案,论述了其工作原理并讨论了关键装置的设计要点,对抓取机械手的结构和运动轨迹进行了分析与优化。结论该设计方案采用2个机械手分别完成单层码垛和整层抓取操作,设计合理,满足企业的使用要求。     

应用远程监控提高机采井管理水平

本文论述了采用油井集群自动监测装置与专门的油井计量分析软件结合形成油井远程监控液量在线计量分析优化系统。该系统以采油工程技术、通信技术和计算机技术相结合，具有油井工况数据自动监测、油井液量计量、油井工况诊断等功能。该系统已试验成功并推广应用，可以自动监测油井工况，并可替代或简化计量流程。     

一种短小丝条状物连续包装自动充填与计量机械手的研究

机械手是一气动系统,X轴气缸实现机械手的水平往复运动,通过PLC控制方向阀和两位两通阀的协调动作,实现多级速度调节;y轴气缸实现机械手的竖直往复运动,通过PLC、编码器、光电开关、接近开关和高速开关阀,实现机械手竖直往复运动的开环与闭环控制,满足速度和精度要求;机械手手指驱动缸实现机械手抓料和卸料运动;单片机应用系统实现机械手抓取物料重量的自动计量.试验结果表明:机械手y轴定位精度2mm,一个工作循环5.8s,满足控制指标要求.     

关于CO_2驱高气液比单井计量工艺的研究

为了提高低渗油藏CO_2驱单井计量装置在采出液高气液比工况下,计量数据的准确性,有必要对目前各油田CO_2驱采用的翻斗称重计量工艺进行优化设计。采用立式分离及气液两相分线计量的工艺,在计量装置的出液管线上安装质量流量计,出气管线安装旋进旋涡流量计,同时在装置内部气线出口加装机械式浮球阀,从而解决在高气液比工况下翻斗称重计量适应性较差的问题。所以,采用立式分离,装置加装机械式浮球阀及质量流量计对提高严苛工况下CO_2驱单井计量数据的准确性,实现油田精细化及数据化管理有重要作用。     

电能自动计量管理系统在制氧行业的应用

为提高武钢氧气公司的用电管理水平,达到降本增效的目的,开发了电能自动计量管理系统,用以实现对电量数据的自动采集、分析和管理。介绍电能自动计量管理系统的设计方案、系统架构、系统功能和作用。     

堆聚态采血针管自动分料拾取机械手研究

目的研究堆聚态采血针管在包装过程中的自动分料拾取机械手,实现采血针管的单根拾取。方法基于采血针管的物理特性,设计搓分式和气吸式2种自动分料拾取机械手,通过拾取过程的力学分析和正交试验,研究入料深度、初始杆距和夹持力对搓分式分料拾取成功率的影响;通过设计计算和试验,研究吸附次数对气吸式分料拾取成功率的影响,并将2种机械手的分料拾取效果作对比。结果搓分式分料拾取机械手在入料深度为30 mm、初始杆距为4 mm、夹持力为1.9 N时分料拾取成功率最大为82%,但对物料损伤程度较大。气吸式分料拾取机械手在连续双次吸附时,分料拾取成功率最大为86%,对物料损伤程度较小。结论气吸式分料拾取机械手对物料损伤程度较小,可以满足五通道采血针管自动包装机的送料要求。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.