液态Sn-Ag-Cu钎料润湿性能的优化

采用钎料改性工艺制备了Sn-3.5Ag0.6Cu合金,用润湿平衡法测试了液态Sn-3.5Ag0.6Cu钎料在铜基体表面的润湿性,研究了钎料制备工艺、钎剂卤素含量、浸渍温度和时间等因素对润湿性能的影响.结果表明:采用改性工艺可增强钎料的润湿性能,当钎剂卤素含量为0.4wt%、在270℃下浸渍2～3s时,液态Sn-3.5Ag0.6Cu钎料对铜表面的润湿性可以达到最佳状态.指出降低钎料的熔点和液态表面张力是提高润湿性的关键.     

关于液态Sn—Ag—Cu钎料润湿性能的实验研究

采用钎料改性工艺制备了Sn-3．5Ag0．6Cu合金，用润湿平衡法测试了液态Sn-3．5Ag0．6Cu钎料在铜基体表面的润湿性，研究了钎料制备工艺、钎剂卤素含量、浸渍温度和时间等因素对润湿性能的影响。结果表明：采用改性工艺可增强钎料的润湿性能，当钎剂卤素含量为0．4％（质量分数）、在270℃下浸渍2～3s时，液态Sn-3．5Ag0．6Cu钎料对铜表面的润湿性可以达到最佳状态。指出降低钎料的熔点和液态表面张力是提高润湿性的关键。     

超声作用下Mg-Zn-Al钎料的润湿与铺展

在大气环境中,对Mg-Zn-Al钎料进行超声振动作用下的铺展,超声时间分别为1,2,3,4s,并与钎剂作用下的钎料铺展行为进行对比。采用体视显微镜观察钎料在超声及钎剂作用下的铺展形貌。采用光学显微镜观察钎料铺展初始端、铺展末端及铺展后钎料的微观组织形貌。结果表明:超声振动作用下的Mg-Zn-Al钎料沿基体表面作受迫铺展,声空化作用于液态钎料产生的冲击波可以破碎基体表面的氧化膜,使液态钎料与母材发生润湿,母材溶解的深度仅有0.12mm。超声时间为2s时,钎料铺展面积最大。超声声空化作用破碎液态钎料在凝固期间产生的α-Mg固溶相及MgZn共晶相,使铺展后的钎料显微组织得到细化。     

微量P 对Sn-0. 7Cu 无铅钎料高温抗氧化性能的影响

目的研究了微量P元素的添加,对Sn-0.7Cu无铅钎料在高温条件下抗氧化性能的影响。方法制备了Sn-0.7Cu和Sn-0.7Cu-x P钎料合金,在250~370℃温度下,采用目测观察和表面刮渣法,研究了熔融钎料在高温下的抗氧化性能。结果微量P元素能显著提高熔融Sn-0.7Cu钎料低温下的抗氧化性能,低温下P含量为0.009%时抗氧化性能最好,当温度超过340℃时,抗氧化性能减弱,超过370℃时完全失去抗氧化效果。结论在250℃时,Sn-0.7Cu钎料的氧化膜生长系数k250℃=1.59×10-6,约为Sn-0.7Cu-0.009P的3倍,在370℃时,Sn-0.7Cu钎料的氧化膜生长系数k370℃=3.03×10-6,与Sn-0.7Cu-0.009P的相差不大。     

活性剂对 Sn-0 . 65 Cu 无铅钎料的 IMC 影响

研究了几种活性剂作用下Sn-0.65Cu/Cu的扩展率及焊点界面金属间化合物(IMC)的形貌,探讨了活性剂的活性强弱与IMC厚度的关系。结果表明,不同活性剂作用下Sn-0.65Cu/Cu扩展率的大小顺序为:氢化松香>戊二酸>苹果酸>柠檬酸;在活性越强的活性剂作用下,液态钎料在Cu基板上越容易铺展,钎料的温度分布更均匀,加剧了Sn原子和溶解在液态钎料的Cu原子的热运动,Sn原子与Cu原子反应结合的概率增大,导致生成的IMC层更厚。     

低银Sn-0. 45Ag-0. 68Cu-X 无铅钎料性能的对比研究

目的制备一种新型低银亚共晶Sn-0.45Ag-0.68Cu-X(SAC-X)无铅钎料,并对其综合性能进行探究。方法参照国家标准,对其漫流性、润湿性及力学性能进行了测试,并与Sn-37Pb,Sn-0.7Cu,Sn-3.5Ag-0.6Cu钎料进行了对比。结果 4种钎料漫流性和润湿性大小依次为:Sn-37Pb,Sn-3.5Ag-0.6Cu,SAC-X,Sn-0.7Cu,其中SAC-X钎料铺展率达78.5%,润湿时间为1.3 s,最大润湿力为3.18 m N;SAC-X钎料抗拉强度(40 MPa)与高银Sn-3.5Ag-0.6Cu钎料(44 MPa)相差不大,但延伸率是高银Sn-3.5Ag-0.6Cu的1.89倍。结论低银SAC-X钎料综合性能优良,与Sn-3.5Ag-0.6Cu钎料相差不大。     

等温时效对新型Sn-Ag基复合钎料显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了等温时效对Sn-3.5Ag共晶钎料及其复合钎料的力学性能和显微组织变化的影响。为了弥补传统复合钎料制备和服役中强化颗粒容易粗化的问题, 制备了不同种类最佳配比的具有纳米结构的有机无机笼型硅氧烷齐聚物(POSS)颗粒增强的Sn-Ag基复合钎料。对钎焊接头在不同温度（125、150、175℃）下进行时效,通过SEM和EDAX分析了钎料与基板间金属间化合物层(IMC)的生长情况。结果表明, 经过不同温度时效,复合钎料钎焊接头界面处金属间化合物的生长速率比Sn3.5Ag共晶钎料慢, 复合钎料的IMC生长的激活能分别为80、97和77kJ/mol,均高于Sn3.5Ag共晶钎料。经过150℃时效1000h后,复合钎料钎焊接头的剪切强度分别下降了22%、13%和18%,下降幅度相当或明显小于Sn-3.5Ag钎料钎焊接头。      

Mg对Sn-0.7Cu钎料组织及性能的影响

研究了Mg元素对Sn-0.7Cu共晶钎料微观组织、熔化特性、润湿性能及力学性能的影响,结果表明:Mg元素的适量添加能细化钎料的共晶组织,过量添加时共晶组织消失,同时使Cu6 Sn5颗粒由细小的颗粒状转变为短棒状.钎料的液相线温度随Mg含量的增加显著降低,当Mg含量为1.0％(质量分数)时,钎料的液相线温度降低到222.58℃,固液温度区间值不断增大,过冷度先增大后减小;钎料合金的润湿性随着Mg含量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,Mg含量为0.1％(质量分数)时,钎料合金的润湿性能最佳,铺展面积为85.74 mm2,相对于Sn-0.7Cu钎料提高了4.37％;Mg元素能够显著提高钎料的显微硬度,当Mg含量为1.0％(质量分数)时,钎料的显微硬度达到最大值,相对于Sn-0.7Cu提高了17.2％.     

SnAgCuBi无铅钎料对不同体积比SiCP/6063Al复合材料真空软钎焊接头组织和性能的影响

在不同保温时间下,分别采用 Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu 和 Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-3.0Bi 无铅软钎料,对表面镀镍的两种不同体积分数的 SiCP/6063Al 复合材料进行真空软钎焊。通过剪切强度测试、显微组织分析、能谱分析等手段研究了钎焊接头的组织和性能。结果表明：Bi 元素的加入改善了 Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu 钎料的铺展润湿性,降低了熔点,提高了焊缝的抗剪强度;在270℃保温35 min 时,Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-3.0Bi 钎料钎焊接头抗剪强度达到最高值38.23 MPa;钎焊过程中只是两侧镀镍层间的焊接,钎料并未透过镍层与母材发生扩散反应。     

纳米 Ni 颗粒对 Sn0 . 65 Cu 亚共晶钎料润湿性和抗氧化性的影响

在Sn0.65Cu亚共晶钎料中掺入纳米Ni颗粒,研究其对钎料润湿性及抗氧化性的影响。当w(Ni)=0.1%时润湿力最大,为3.29mN,润湿时间为1.01s。随着Ni含量的增加(w(Ni)<0.7%)润湿力逐渐减弱,润湿时间增加。纳米Ni颗粒会增强钎料的抗氧化性,当w(Ni)=0.7%时抗氧化性最好。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.