膨润土的有机改性与球磨细小化及其助留性能研究

采用十八烷基三甲基溴化铵（STAB）对膨润土进行了有机改性并对改性膨润土球磨细小化。对制得的改性膨润土进行了扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线衍射（XRD）实验分析。结果表明,有机表面活性剂STAB已经进入膨润土的片层间,层间距由1.256nm增大到2.694nm;晶面间距增大的最佳实验条件为：STAB用量为40%,反应时间为4h,反应温度为75℃。通过对球磨后的改性膨润土进行SEM观察发现,球磨时间2h能使其颗粒基本达到亚微米至纳米级,粒度分布范围为100～500nm。对球磨改性膨润土与阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）协同助留废旧瓦楞箱纸板（OCC）浆的研究发现,粒度较小、均匀性较好的球磨改性膨润土的助留效果优于CPAM/改性膨润土助留助滤体系。     

造纸助留剂在光致变色防伪纸中的应用研究

目的研究不同造纸助留剂CPAM,APAM,高取代度淀粉和变性淀粉对紫外光致变色防伪纸的物理性能和防伪性能的影响。方法系统研究了4种常用造纸助留剂对光致变色材料在防伪纸中的留着量的影响,评定防伪纸的物理性能和防伪性能,从而确定了不同助留剂在浆料中的最佳用量。结果光致变色防伪纸的抄造特性和防伪性能与纸料体系中所用助留剂的种类和性能密切相关。在一定的光致变色材料体系下,不同助留剂的最佳加入量为变性淀粉的质量分数1.5%,CPAM的质量分数0.005%,APAM的质量分数0.015%,高取代度淀粉的质量分数0.15%。结论在浆料中加入助留剂后,紫外光致变色材料在防伪纸中的留着量显著增加,且加入助留剂的种类不同时,其纸张的相对荧光强度值也不同,从而保证了紫外光致变色纸张的防伪效果。     

浆内助剂改善纸模制品表观平滑度的研究

目的研究阳离子淀粉(CS)和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)与加入烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)乳液浆料的滤水性能及对纸模制品表观平滑度的影响。方法向废旧单面瓦楞纸板浆料中分别加入CS与AKD,CPAM与AKD来制作平板纸模试样。结果相比于只添加AKD的浆料,先加入CS糊化液或CPAM后再加入AKD,浆料的滤水时间和打浆度都有不同程度的降低,且随着CS和CPAM用量的增加,试样的摩擦因数先减小后增加,即试样表面平滑度先提高后降低。结论 HSCS-02型季铵型阳离子玉米淀粉具有较好的助滤性能,能较好地改善纸模制品的表观平滑度,其最佳质量分数为3%;CPAM的助滤性能和对纸模制品表观平滑度的改善作用优于CS,其最佳质量分数为0.06%。     

PEO/Cofactor助留体系应用于ONP/OMG脱墨浆生产纸材料

介绍了PEO/Cofactor助留体系应用于ONP/OMG脱墨浆生产纸材料.实验结果表明:PEO/Cofactor助留体系对以ONP/OMG脱墨浆为主要纤维原料的助留作用效果良好,并可有效控制浆料中的树脂.脱墨浆中的水溶性杂质和非离子性表面活性剂不利于PEO/Cofactor助留体系的作用效果的发挥;PEO/Cofactor助留体系与阳离子壳聚糖共用时,效果更好.PEO/Cofactor助留体系对细小组分的留着没有选择性.     

填料与二元助留助滤剂在DIP为原料生产低定量新闻纸中的研究

论述填料的不同加入量与不同公司二元助留助滤剂的配合使用;不同种类、不同添加量的填料对新闻纸物理强度、不透明度等技术指标作了分析与比较,结果显示:当固定助剂B1(N1)用量在0.2kg/t和助剂B2(N2)用量在0.3kg/t时,填料S及填料G的用量在15kg/t纸时,其使用效果最好.将试验结果应用到高速纸机可生产出45g/m2的优质新闻纸.     

带有聚电解质刷的助留助滤剂

论述了合成有机聚合物类助留助滤剂的研究进展,介绍了带有聚电解质刷的助留助滤剂在造纸上的运用及其作用机理.以聚丙烯酰胺类助留助滤剂为例,研究了此类树枝形聚合物聚合的机理.     

双组分造纸助留增强剂的制备与应用

介绍了双组分造纸助留增强剂的配方、制备方法、产品性能和应用情况。     

废旧新闻纸回用对新闻纸印刷性能的影响及改善措施

探讨了国内外关于废旧新闻纸回用抄造新闻纸的印刷性能的研究进展,表明其影响因素有回用次数、脱墨过程、油墨种类及印刷方式,并阐述了加填对新闻纸印刷性能的影响.改善新闻纸印刷性能的措施,选择合适的浆料品种及配比、打浆度、纸机和抄造过程,施胶、涂布和添加化学助剂等.     

羧甲基纤维素在纸印刷包装材料中的应用研究进展

简要介绍了羧甲基纤维素的制备过程,然后从羧甲基纤维素用作助留剂、施胶剂、增强剂、保水剂等方面,论述了羧甲基纤维素对纸印刷包装材料的物理性能、印刷性能、包装性能等方面的作用与影响,并对这些方面的研究与应用进行了展望。     

助熔剂对YAG:Tb荧光粉发光性能和形貌的影响

助熔剂在荧光粉合成中有重要的作用.系统地研究了一元和多元助熔剂对荧光粉发光性能和颗粒形貌的影响.实验结果表明,合适的助熔剂能有效地促进单相YAG的合成;利于发光离子进入晶格,提高荧光粉的发光强度;改善荧光粉颗粒的形貌,降低高温合成中荧光粉的硬度,减轻后处理的难度.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。