两亲性嵌段共聚物PS-b-P4VP·BuBr的合成及自组装

采用可逆加成断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)制备了苯乙烯和4-乙烯基吡啶嵌段共聚物(PS-b-P4VP),并用溴代正丁烷对其进行季铵化,得到两亲性嵌段共聚物PS-b-P4VP.BuBr。采用核磁共振(1H-NMR)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和有机元素分析对聚合物结构进行表征分析。将PS-b-P4VP.BuBr在水溶液中进行自组装研究,透射电镜(TEM)结果显示,共溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和四氢呋喃(THF)的比例可以调控聚集体的形态,随着THF含量增加,聚集体形态从球形依次向棒状、大复合胶束转变。     

PEO-b-PS嵌段共聚物的合成与有序纳米膜的制备

以聚环氧乙烷-溴(PEO-Br)大分子引发剂引发苯乙烯(St)的原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP),制备了聚环氧乙烷-b-聚苯乙烯(PEO-b-PS).1H NMR分析表明嵌段共聚物中聚环氧乙烷嵌段和聚苯乙烯嵌段的数均分子量分别是5500和37000,PEO的质量分数为12.9％.考察了旋涂环境和溶剂熏蒸后处理方法对此嵌段共聚物薄膜形貌的影响,结果表明在PS的良溶剂和PEO的良溶剂共同存在下旋涂成膜,并经过两种良溶剂共同蒸汽的后处理,PEO-b-PS嵌段共聚物可以制得具有规则纳米圆柱图案的薄膜.     

钯纳米粒子/嵌段共聚物复合胶束的制备及催化性能

嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-b-聚4-乙烯吡啶(PS-b-P4VP)在酸水(pH=2)中自组装形成PS为核,P4VP为壳的核-壳胶束(约为30 nm)。在核-壳胶束酸水溶液(pH=2)中加入氯化钯,钯离子与P4VP络合形成聚苯乙烯为核、聚4-乙烯吡啶/钯离子为壳的胶束。进一步加入硼氢化钠(NaBH4)原位还原钯离子,得到钯纳米粒子(粒径约为3 nm)位于P4VP壳层的复合胶束。复合胶束对4-硝基苯酚还原为4-氨基苯酚的反应中表现出催化活性,动力学研究结果表明,反应为一级反应,反应速率随复合胶束浓度的增加及反应温度的升高而加快。     

端羧基聚苯乙烯的合成及室温缩聚

采用链式聚合方法,用4,4'-偶氮-二(4-氰基戊酸)为引发剂引发苯乙烯的自由基聚合,合成了两端带有羧基基团的功能化聚苯乙烯。研究了单体、引发剂、溶剂之间的配比及聚合温度对合成端羧基聚苯乙烯的影响。并用合成得到的端羧基聚苯乙烯与聚乙二醇在室温、常压等十分温和的条件下进行酯化缩聚反应,得到聚苯乙烯/聚乙二醇两亲性嵌段共聚物。红外分析(FT-IR)和核磁共振(~1H-NMR)测试结果证实成功合成了端羧基聚苯乙烯和聚苯乙烯/聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物;凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和差热分析(DSC)测试结果分别表明合成得到的端羧基聚苯乙烯的分子量较大、分子量分布比较均匀,并且随着分子量的增加,端羧基聚苯乙烯的玻璃化转变温度逐渐升高。     

SBP嵌段共聚物的合成和鉴定EI

用正丁基锂为引发剂,四氢呋喃为添加剂,按阴离子顺序加料方法合成了聚苯乙烯-丁二烯-4-乙烯吡啶(SBP)嵌段共聚物,经FTIR、UV、DSC、DDV等测试方法表征,证实了所合成的聚合物为聚苯乙烯-丁二烯-4-乙烯基吡啶嵌段共聚物。研究表明4-乙烯吡啶在聚合体系中聚合反应极为迅速且由于吡啶环上N原子对碳阴离子较为敏感,故嵌段共聚物中含有部分分子量较高的支化高分子。透射电镜表明样品具有精细的微相结构。聚合物的微相结构随聚合物中聚丁二烯含量提高,可以从蜂窝状结构转变成层状结构。     

基于HTEMPO聚己内酯-聚苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的合成

以4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基(HTEMPO)为引发剂,采用配位-插入开环聚合(CROP)的方法引发ε-己内酯聚合,然后利用氮氧稳定自由基聚合(NMRP)调控苯乙烯聚合得到聚己内酯-聚苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(PCL-b-PS),并对此过程进行了动力学研究,结果表明,聚苯乙烯链段的分子量可控,符合活性聚合特征。通过GPC测定,共聚物的分子量分布范围是1.26~1.37。在FT-IR图上可以看到属于PCL-b-PS的特征峰,分别为3470 cm-1、1726 cm-1、1192cm-1、1047 cm-1、1600 cm-1、1493 cm-1和1453 cm-1处的羟基、羰基C-O-C的对称和不对称伸缩振动、苯环的骨架振动吸收峰。在1H-NMR谱图上,有δ=1.3~1.68、4.08的己内酯亚甲基氢的化学位移和6.30~7.20苯环上氢的化学位移。     

叔丁基锂引发合成聚苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物

以叔丁基锂为引发剂,环己烷为溶剂,通过阴离子反应制备了窄分子量分布的聚苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物(SIS)。研究了叔丁基锂用量、反应时间及反应温度对SIS分子量(Mn)及分子量分布(Mw/Mn)的影响,得到了较优化的聚合工艺条件。采用核磁共振波谱(NMR)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等方法对嵌段聚合物进行了表征和分析,并采用凝胶渗透色谱-多角度激光散射技术(SEC-MALLS)对其分子量及分子量分布进行了精确测定。利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了三嵌段共聚物的微观相分离结构,发现该三嵌段共聚物具有微观相分离结构,存在3个玻璃化转变温度,即苯乙烯嵌段相、异戊二烯嵌段相及苯乙烯/异戊二烯互溶过渡相。     

基于HTEMPO聚己内酯-聚苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的合成EI北大核心CSCD

以4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基（HTEMPO）为引发剂,采用配位-插入开环聚合（CROP）的方法引发ε-己内酯聚合,然后利用氮氧稳定自由基聚合（NMRP）调控苯乙烯聚合得到聚己内酯-聚苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（PCL-b-PS）,并对此过程进行了动力学研究,结果表明,聚苯乙烯链段的分子量可控,符合活性聚合特征。通过GPC测定,共聚物的分子量分布范围是1.26~1.37。在FT-IR图上可以看到属于PCL-b-PS的特征峰,分别为3470 cm-1、1726 cm-1、1192cm-1、1047 cm-1、1600 cm-1、1493 cm-1和1453 cm-1处的羟基、羰基C-O-C的对称和不对称伸缩振动、苯环的骨架振动吸收峰。在1H-NMR谱图上,有δ=1.3~1.68、4.08的己内酯亚甲基氢的化学位移和6.30~7.20苯环上氢的化学位移。     

利用囊泡状结构的双亲性嵌段共聚物作为原位反应器制备亚微米级金属/高分子复合材料

通过可逆加成断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)成功制备了聚苯乙烯-聚4-乙烯基吡啶(PS-b-P4VP)双亲性嵌段共聚物。利用核磁共振氢谱(1 H NMR)对产物的结构进行了表征。然后研究了聚合物在选择性溶剂中的自组装行为,测试表明该聚合物在一定条件下可自组装形成囊泡状,以此结构作为原位反应器成功包覆纳米银制备了亚微米级的纳米复合材料,应用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)等测试手段对复合结果进行了表征。     

嵌段共聚物PEO-b-PS与聚苯乙烯共混薄膜的表面形貌及性能

通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)制备了嵌段共聚物聚氧化乙烯(PEO-b-聚苯乙烯(PS)),将PEO-b-PS与PS溶液共混成膜,使用接触角测试仪(CA)和原子力显微镜(AFM)考察了PEO-b-PS含量与共混薄膜表面形貌及性能之间的关系。研究发现,嵌段共聚物在薄膜中发生微相分离并在薄膜表面形成PEO微相区,随PEO-b-PS含量增加,薄膜表面PEO相区尺寸增大,但分布密度下降。通过共混薄膜表面形貌的变化,解释了共混薄膜的亲水性和表面张力随PEO-b-PS含量增加的变化趋势。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.