离子束增强沉积工艺参数对Cr-N膜层组织结构的影响

利用离子束增强沉积技术, 在 Ｓｉ （１１１） 和 Ｇ Ｃｒ１５ 轴承钢基体上沉积 Ｃｒ Ｎ 镀层研究氮分压、 Ｎ^＋ ＋ Ｎ^＋_２ 离子轰击能量和 Ｎｉｏｎｓ Ｃｒ ａｔｏｍｓ 到达比对镀层组织结构的影响结果表明, Ｃｒ- Ｎ 镀层组织对氮分压敏感, 随着氮分压的增加, 镀层中 Ｃｒ Ｎ 组份增加, 金属 Ｃｒ 及 Ｃｒ_２ Ｎ 组份减少; 随着氮离子轰击能量的增加, Ｃｒ- Ｎ 镀层中 Ｃｒ Ｎ （２００） 择优生长; 但当 Ｎ ｉｏｎｓ/Ｃｒ ａｔｏｍｓ 比从１４５ ×１０ ^{－ ２} 增至５.８７ ×１０ ^{－ ２} 时, 镀层中 Ｃｒ Ｎ 组份非但没有增多, 反而使镀层中的 Ｃｒ 以 Ｃｒ_２ Ｏ_３ 形态存在.     

热压法制备0.3PZN-0.7PZT压电陶瓷研究

研究了热压法制备０．３ＰＺＮ－０．７ＰＺＴ系压电陶瓷过程中,铅含量以及热压和退火工艺对材料性能的影响．实验结果表明,适当降低铅含量、提高退火温度和退火时间可得到性能优良的压电陶瓷．制得的压电陶瓷密度接近理论密度,电性能指标为： ｄ_３３＝７１５ ｐＣ／Ｎ, Ｋ_ｐ＝０．６５, ｔｇδ＝２．９％, ε_ｒ＝３４５７, Ｑ_ｍ＝５０．１．     

SiC/Fe-Cr合金界面反应的研究

使用ＸＲＤ、ＥＭＰＡ和 ＳＥＭ等对 ９００～１１５０℃高温处理后的ＳｉＣ／Ｆｅ－２０Ｃｒ合金界面反应区的显微结构和反应动力学进行了研究．界面反应区分为ＳｉＣ反应区和金属反应区两部分：ＳｉＣ反应区由组成为Ｆｅ_３Ｓｉ、Ｃｒ_３Ｓｉ和Ｃｒ_７Ｃ_３的白亮基体和其间随机分布的细小石墨颗粒构成;金后反应区则是一个由（Ｃｒ;Ｆｅ）_７Ｃ_３构成的均匀组织。ＳｉＣ／Ｆｅ－２０Ｃｒ合金界面反应为扩散控制,反应动力学方程为 Ｋ＝１．９×１０^－４ｅｘｐ（(－２３５×１０^３)／ＲＴ）ｍ^２·ｓ^－１．金属反应区介于ＳｉＣ反应区和合金之间,阻挡合金中的Ｆｅ原子通过它向ＳｉＣ反应区中扩散,抑制界面反应,这种作用随合金中Ｃｒ含量的增加而加强．     

PbBr2-PbCl2-PbF2-PbO-P2O5系统玻璃的热性质和化学稳定性

重点研究了ＰｂＢｒ_２－ＰｂＣｌ_２－ＰｂＦ_２－ＰｂＯ－Ｐ_２Ｏ_５系统玻璃的热性质、耐水性和抗潮解性．结果表明：该系统玻璃的热膨胀系数较大,一般在 ２５×１０^－６°Ｃ^－１左右． ＰｂＢｒ_２－ＰｂＣｌ_２－Ｐ_２Ｏ_５系统的玻璃具有较低的玻璃转变温度,可低达 １４６℃．加入 ＰｂF_２和／或 ＰｂＯ可显著提高玻璃的转变温度和密度,其中 ＰｂＯ对试样的影响更为显著． ＰｂＢｒ_２－ＰｂＣｌ_２－ＰｂＦ_２－ＰｂＯ－Ｐ_２Ｏ_５系统玻璃的抗潮解性一般较好。多数玻璃在水中的溶解速率可达１０^－５ｍｍ／ｄａｙ,具有较好的耐水性．     

共沉淀法制备掺杂氧化锌压敏陶瓷粉料热力学分析

本文通过对Ｍｅ^ｎ＋（Ｚｎ^２＋;Ｃｒ_３^＋,Ｍｎ^２＋;Ｓｂ^３＋,Ｂｉ^３＋,Ｃｏ^２＋）－ＮＨ_３－ＣＯ_３^２－－Ｈ_２Ｏ体系进行热力学分析的基础上,获得了Ｍｅ－ＮＨ_３－ＣＯ_３^２－Ｈ_２Ｏ体系中的ｌｇ［Ｍ］_T－ｐＨ关系图,得到了用ＮＨ_４ＨＣＯ_３和ＮＨ_３·Ｈ_２Ｏ作沉淀剂,用共沉淀法制备掺杂氧化锌压敏陶瓷粉料时,最佳共沉淀ｐＨ为７．０左右．     

LiNiO2热分解反应动力学研究

用ＤＴＡ和ＸＲＤ研究了ＬｉＮｉＯ_２在空气中的热分解过程为：ＬｉＮｉＯ_２（ｓ）→(６５０～７２０℃)Ｌｉ_２Ｎｉ_８Ｏ_{１０（ｓ）}＋４Ｌｉ_２Ｏ_（ｓ）＋Ｏ_２（ｇ）→(８５０～９５０℃)Ｌｉ_２Ｏ_（ｓ）＋８ＮｉＯ_（ｓ）＋１／２Ｏ_２（ｇ） →(１０００～１１５０℃)ＮｉＯ（ｓ）＋Ｌｉ_２Ｏ_（ｇ）用 Ｄｏｙｌｅ－Ｏｚａｗａ法和 Ｋｉｓｓｉｎｇｅｒ法计算了各反应阶段的表观活化能分别为 ７４７．１８±１．０ ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ^－１、９３２．４６±１．０ ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ^－１和 １１２６．９７±１．０ ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ^－１．用 Ｋｉｓｓｉｎｇｅｒ法确定了反应级数和频率因子,确定了三个阶段的动力学方程分别为 ｄα／ｄt＝１．７３６ｘ１０３９ｅ^{－９００００／Ｔ}（１－α）^{１．０５７}; ｄα／ｄｔ＝１８０６×１０^３９ｅ^{－１１１５００／Ｔ}（１－α）^{０．８４４};ｄα／ｄｔ＝４．２６２×１０４２ｅ^{－１３５０００／Ｔ}（１－α）^{１．２７５}     

铬掺杂对PZT-PMN陶瓷材料性能的影响

采用ＴＥＭ、ＳＥＭ、ＥＳＲ（电子自旋共振）结合常规压电性能测试手段研究了Ｃｒ_２Ｏ_３掺杂对ＰＺＴ－ＰＭＮ陶瓷的压电性能、微结构及畴态的影响．压电性能测试结果表明,当Ｃｒ_２Ｏ_３含量低于０．０６Ｗｔ％时,可使Ｋ_ｐ和Ｑ_ｍ同时提高,这说明铬掺杂同时兼具“软掺杂”与“硬掺杂”的双重特性．此外,还发现随着烧结温度的提高,材料性能“硬化”明显．ＥＳＲ谱分析表明,Ｃｒ离子主要以Ｃｒ^３＋和 Ｃｒ^５＋的方式共存,随着烧结温度的提高,它有从高价态 Ｃｒ^５＋或Ｃｒ^６＋向低价态转变的趋势,这一价态变化被认为是材料性能随烧结温度提高而“变硬”的主要原因之一．ＴＥＭ图片显示,随着掺杂的Ｃｒ_２Ｏ_３的浓度的增大,由于氧空位或受主离子与氧空位构成的缺陷复合体对畴壁的钉扎,电畴将从正规带状畴向波纹状畴转变．     

复合添加(Ca,Mg)-α-Sialon的晶胞参数研究

利用高分辨率的Ｇｕｉｎｉｅｒ－Ｈａｇｇ相机和计算机控制的底片扫描及数据处理程序系统,测定了复合添加,组份为（Ｃａ_０．５Ｍｇ_０．５）_xＳｉ_{１２－３ｘ}Al_3xＯ_ｘＮ１_６－ｘ（ｘ＝０．３、０．６、１．０和１．４）的α－Ｓｏａｌｏｎ的晶胞参数．材料由热压工艺制备而得．研究结果表明,当ｘ≥１．０时,材料的主晶相为α－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ和含Ｍｇ的ＡlＮ多型体．（Ｃａ,Ｍｇ）－α－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ的晶胞参数明显低于相同组份下的Ｃａ－α－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ的晶胞参数·ＥＤＡＸ的结果进一步给出固溶进入α－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ的包括名义组份中９０％的Ｃａ^＋＋和少量的Ｍｇ^＋＋,而大部分Ｍｇ^＋＋进入ＡlＮ多型体,这一结果为净化α－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ陶瓷的晶界提供了新的有效途径．     

Li2MnO3的柠檬酸盐溶胶-凝胶法合成及离子导电性

以Ｌｉ_２ＣＯ_３、ＭｎＣＯ_３为原料,用柠檬酸盐溶胶凝胶法合成了Ｌｉ_２ＭｎＯ_３超微粉．对合成的材料进行了ＤＴＡ、ＴＧ、ＸＲＤ和ＴＥＭ等表征,并应用交流阻抗谱技术测定了样品的电导率．结果表明,６５０。Ｃ以上生成Ｌｉ_２ＭｎＯ_３纯相超微粉,粒径在５０nｍ以下．在１８～４００℃温度范围内,产物烧结体的离子导电率为１０^－６～１０^－３Ｓ·ｃｍ^－１,其电导活化能为４４．８７ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ^－１．     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3陶瓷的介电和压电性能研究

研究了Ｎａ_０．５Ｂｉ_０．５ＴｉＯ_３和（Ｎａ_０．５Ｂｉ_０．５）_０．９４Ｂａ_０．０６ＴｉＯ_３陶瓷的电滞回线、压电性能和热滞现象·得到（Ｎａ_０．５Ｂｉ_０．５）_０．９４Ｂａ_０．０６ＴｉＯ_３陶瓷的剩余极化Ｐ_ｒ＝１９ｕＣ／ｃｍ^２、矫顽场Ｅ_ｃ＝４．７ｋＶ／ｍｍ．发现用适量的Ｂａ^２＋取代（Ｎａ_０．５Ｂｉ_０．５）^２＋尽管压电性能有所提高,但同时使得材料的温度稳定性大大降低．     

铌酸钠钾基压电陶瓷的结构与性能研究

采用传统的固相反应合成法制备了结构较为致密的0.9(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-0.1LiSbO3(KNN-LS)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了其相结构、压电、介电、损耗以及铁电性质.常温下的压电陶瓷具备四方钙钛矿结构,具有较高的压电系数d33=131pC/N和低的介电损耗tanδ=0.09(10kHz)等优点.另外,常温下的KNN-LS陶瓷存在着较为饱满的电滞回线,其剩余极化率Pr为16.1μC/cm2,矫顽场为EC=14.8kV/cm.性能较KNN压电陶瓷有了较大的提高.     

1-3型聚合物改性水泥基压电复合材料的制备及其性能

采用切割-浇注法,以聚合物改性硫铝酸盐水泥为基体,铌锂锆钛酸铅(简称P(LN)ZT)为功能体制备了1-3型聚合物改性水泥基压电复合材料。研究了P(LN)ZT陶瓷体积分数对复合材料的压电和介电性能的影响。结果表明：随着P(LN)ZT陶瓷体积分数的增加,压电应变常数d₃₃、相对介电常数εr和声阻抗率Z呈现明显的增大趋势;而压电电压常数g₃₃和介电损耗tanδ则呈现下降趋势。与P(LN)ZT陶瓷相比较,1-3型压电复合材料厚度方向振动增强,机械品质因素明显降低,当P(LN)ZT陶瓷体积分数为30.86%时,其声阻抗率为8.24×106 N·s/m3,接近于混凝土的声阻抗率9.0×106 N·s/m3,适用于制作混凝土超声无损检/监测换能器。     

Measurements along the growth direction of PMN-PT crystals: dielectric, piezoelectric, and elastic properties

Property measurements are reported for Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)03-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) single crystals grown along (001) by a seeded-melt method. Chemical segregation occurs during crystal growth, leading to property changes along the growth direction. Variations in dielectric, piezoelectric, and elastic properties were evaluated for specimens selected from the crystals. Room-temperature data are correlated with Tc and composition that ranged from 27 to 32% PT, i.e., in the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). While there was little change in the high electromechanical coupling factor k33 (0.87-0.92), both the piezoelectric charge coefficient d33 (1100-1800 pC/N) and the free dielectric constant K3 (4400-7000) were found to vary significantly with position. Increases in d33 and KT33 were relatively offsetting in that the ratio yielded a relatively stable piezoelectric voltage coefficient g33 (27-31 x 10(-3) Vm/N). Values are also reported for the elastic compliance (3.3-6.3 x 10(-11) m2/N) determined from resonance measurements. Enhancements in d33 and K(T)33 were associated with lattice softening (increasing sE33) as the composition approached the MPB. Details are reported for the piezoelectric, dielectric, and elastic properties as a function of growth direction, Tc, and composition. The results are useful for an understanding of properties in PMN-PT crystals and for the design of piezoelectric devices.     

RTGG法制备(Na_(0.84)K_(0.16))_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_3无铅压电织构陶瓷的研究

以NaCl-KCl熔盐法制备出了片状的Bi4Ti3O12微晶模板,选用此模板分别采用干法和湿法流延工艺结合RTGG技术制备了(Na0.84K0.16)0.5Bi0.5TiO3无铅压电织构陶瓷。研究了不同工艺条件下获得的织构陶瓷烧结行为、织构度、显微组织结构和电性能的变化规律。结果表明,(Na0.84K0.16)0.5Bi0.5TiO3织构陶瓷的烧成温度范围只有10~20℃,其介电性能、压电性能呈现明显的各向异性,沿垂直于流延方向织构陶瓷的各种电学性能均明显优于平行于流延方向的电学性能,两种流延方法在1150℃烧结所得的(Na0.84K0.16)0.5Bi0.5TiO3织构陶瓷在显微组织结构和电性能方面均表现出最强的各向异性,该织构陶瓷的压电常数d33=134pC/N。     

Extruded PZT/polymer composites for electromechanical transducer applications

PZT/polymer composites having a 1–3 parallel connectivity were fabricated by impregnating a sintered, extruded honeycomb configuration of PZT with various polymers. The resultant composites were found to have densities less than 2900 kg/m³, a dielectric constant of ～500 and a piezoelectric d₃₃ of ～300×10^?12 C/N. The 1–3 connectivity increases the piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g₃₃) from 22×10^?3 Vm/N (solid PZT) to ～70×10^?3 Vm/N.The composites have thickness mode electromechanical coupling coefficients (k_t) which are ～25% greater than that of homogeneous PZT, and are readily adaptable for broad bandwidth operation. This combination of electromechanical properties makes these composites ideal for low voltage displacement and pulse echo applications.     

PZT-epoxy piezoelectric transducers: A simplified fabrication procedure

Composite piezoelectric transducers have been constructed by partially dicing PZT ceramics and back-filling with epoxy. Composites containing 10 to 70 volume percent PZT were prepared with several different rod diameters. Measured dielectric constants ranged from 200 to 1000, longitudinal piezoelectric coefficients d₃₃ from 200 to 350 pC/N, and hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficients d_h from 40 to 80 pC/N. Piezoelectric properties are compared with solid PZT and with 3-1 composites made by extrusion.     

Fabrication and electrical properties of textured Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 ceramics using plate-like BaTiO3 particles as templates

Plate-like BaTiO₃ (BT) particles were used as templates to fabricate grain-oriented Ba(Zr_0.2Ti_0.8)O₃–(Ba_0.7Ca_0.3)TiO₃ (BZT–BCT) ceramics. The effects of the sintering temperature and the soaking time on the microstructure and electrical properties of the textured BZT–BCT ceramics were investigated. The results show that textured ceramics were obtained with orientation factor better than 0.5. The textured BZT–BCT ceramics have rhombohedral and tetragonal structures. Terrace morphology can be observed in the grains and the mechanism of grain growth is multi-nucleation multilayer growth. The T_R–T and T_C of BZT–BCT ceramics shift to higher temperature as the soaking time increases. Textured structures improve the dielectric, piezoelectric properties, and weaken the dielectric relaxor characteristics. When BZT–BCT ceramics sintered at 1,500 °C for 20 h, the maximum piezoelectric coefficient of 350 pC/N can be obtained.     

La2O3、Y2O3掺杂对(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3无铅压电陶瓷性能的影响

以(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3为基体,研究了单、双组分掺杂La2O3、Y2O3对BNBT6陶瓷的压电和介电性能及微观结构的影响。XRD分析表明:掺杂La2O3、Y2O3均得到钙钛矿结构。SEM分析表明,分别掺杂0.2%La2O3和0.2%Y2O3使得陶瓷晶粒增大,压电常数提高,双组分掺杂La2O3、Y2O3在掺杂量0.12%La2O3+0.08%Y2O3时,压电常数d33增大到最大值144.6×10-12C/N,介质损耗降低到最小值0.039。     

PMN-PT单晶与陶瓷在性能及相变方面的特点

着重介绍了用Ｂridgman方法生长的（１-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3(PMN-PT)固溶体单昌在介电,压电、热释电性能及相应方面的一些特点;①异常高的电常数d33(高达３０００pC/N以上）,耦合系数kg(在０．６以上）,k33(达０．９０）,高的介电常数ε（高达５００甚至更高）,低的Ｑm值（约６０）,热释电系数也较高。②强烈的各向异性。③随着ＰＴ含量的增加,系统的弛豫行为逐渐减弱,在x=0．３３时,材料在室温下成为正常铁电体,但ＰＥ－ＦＥ相变并非正常铁电相变,表现在Ｔ＞Ｔm时,ε－Ｔ关系不遵守居里－包斯定律,而是遵守Ｓmolenskii的关系。该相变也明显地与弥散相变不同,这种行为可用无场的观点加以解释。