基于曲面主曲率的人耳结构特征提取方法

针对人耳识别问题,提出了一种自动提取人耳解剖学结构特征点的方法.首先对包含耳廓区域的侧脸图像进行预处理消除噪声和毛刺现象;然后把2D灰度侧脸图像看作是一个曲面,则利用曲面上位于边缘处的灰度变化较大,因此该位置的曲率就会大于周围灰度变化平坦位置处的曲率的性质,求曲面的最大主曲率和最小主曲率;最后通过自动阈值分割对两幅曲率图像进行阚值化,并进行融合得到耳廓解剖学特征边缘信息.实验表明,用该方法提取的结构特征边缘曲线光滑、连通性好,不受光照强度变化的影响,满足下一步识别的要求.     

基于局部梯度算子的嘴部检测与定位

针对人脸识别中的特征提取问题,本文提出了一种由粗到精快速准确的嘴部自动检测和定位方法.该方法首先通过Adaboost算法检测出人脸图像大致的嘴部区域,缩小了后续定位的搜索范围;采用局部梯度算子提取嘴部轮廓,通过Ostu阈值法对提取的轮廓进行二值化处理,根据链码跟踪最终确定左右嘴角的精确位置.实验结果表明,该方法自动检测和定位嘴部快速准确,对表情和姿态的影响具有比较高的鲁棒性,有助于提高人脸识别算法的识别率.     

复杂背景下的人耳检测方法

本文在借鉴人脸检测算法的基础上,对现有的人耳检测方法进行研究,针对人耳区域小、共性特征少、复杂背景下难以检测等特点,提出了一种分阶段优化的静态彩色复杂背景下的人耳检测方法.首先采用肤色分割将检测范围缩小至肤色区域;接着利用侧脸的先验知识再次筛选;然后对图像进行边缘提取,在边缘图像中利用人耳含有丰富边缘信息的特点进行区域搜索以确定人耳.在该方法中,彩色图像的肤色信息和灰度图像的多尺度边缘以及人耳自身特征被结合起来,对解决人耳共性特征在复杂背景下难以被提取的问题具有较好的效果.实验结果表明,该算法在复杂背景下是有效的.     

刀具轮廓亚像素精度阈值分割算法研究

提取亚像素精度边缘轮廓是完成刀具几何参数精确测量的重要环节。该文研究了一种简单有效的方法,该算法基于灰度阈值分割定位像素级边缘,并经双线性插值法细分完成亚像素边缘轮廓的提取。最后设计实验对比分析了该算法以及基于Canny和Sobel算子的亚像素边缘检测算法所提取轮廓的特点。结果表明在准确的前提下,对高对比度图像应用该算法后,能比后两者更快速地完成边缘轮廓提取。     

基于背景重构和水平集的多运动目标分割

针对固定摄像机监控中多运动目标自动分割问题,本文提出了一种基于背景差分和水平集的新方法.首先,该方法通过求解连续三帧图像的对称差分,确定出当前帧中的背景像素点,并对背景像素点的灰度值进行统计,最后选择频率最高的灰度值作为该点背景像素灰度值来重构背景.其次,提出了基于8-邻域搜索的区域生长算法完成连通区域的检测,并通过设置阈值和连通域分析,消除背景块噪声并标定出运动目标区域.最后,对所有运动目标区域块,分别采用无需重新初始化的水平集算法作分割,得到封闭和完整的目标轮廓.实验结果表明,该算法能实现固定摄像机滥控中刚体或非刚体的多运动目标的自动检测和轮廓分割.     

基于机器视觉的图像形状特征提取方法研究进展

基于机器视觉的图像形状特征提取应用的常见方法有阈值处理法、基于轮廓的形状特征提取法和基于区域的形状特征提取法3种。阈值处理法是常见的图像分割提取方法,具备操作简单、速度快等优势,但对于需精确提取图像形状和目标图像形状较为复杂的工况不适用;基于轮廓的形状特征提取方法,处理速度较快,但当处理复杂目标图像形状时,容易出现较大的偏差或错误;基于区域的形状特征提取方法,在提取形状特征时更加容易实现,且在处理复杂图像时更加准确,但需要的内部存储空间较大。由此可知,目前形状特征提取方法的应用局限性较大,而发展图像特征提取方法意义重大。     

一种提高人耳特征点识别度的目标区域提取方法

对人耳进行特征识别多采用SURF算法,但该算法应用时极易受到图像中非目标区域的干扰,进而影响人耳特征点的检测和匹配准确度.基于目标区域的人耳特征识别算法可以突出目标区,而尽可能地抑制背景区域的影响.针对此问题,提出一种复合图像分割算法—KRM法作为人耳识别的预处理方法,将图像中人耳所在目标区域提取出来.该KRM法分为3步:首先利用k-means聚类算法将图像初步分割为前景目标区域和背景两类;再通过区域生长算法对过度分割的区域进行合并;最后应用形态学腐蚀的方法进行滤波得到人耳所在的目标区域.将KRM目标区域提取和SURF方法联用(简称KRM-SURF算法)应用于50组人耳图像,进行人耳特征点的检测与匹配,实验结果表明,特征点识别度(RD)均值达到0.924,KRM法的使用能极大地提高基于SURF算法的人耳特征识别的准确性.     

基于融合的SAR图像海洋溢油边缘检测算法及MATALAB实现

为准确地提取出SAR图像中溢油区域边缘轮廓信息,提出一种融合分水岭及canny算子的SAR图像边缘检测算法。该算法首先使用形态学重建技术对前景图象进行标记,并进行开关操作,去除边缘无关信息,然后对前景进行区分操作。利用分水岭算法及canny算子较为精确地提取出溢油区域边缘轮廓信息并用MATALAB仿真实验,结果表明,与经典的边缘检测方法相比,该方法在精确定位图像边缘的同时能更精确、更完整地检测出目标的边缘特征。     

区域轮廓的快速等级提取

模式识别应用常需要不同约束下的多个图像分割结果。提出了一种区域轮廓的快速等级提取方法。该方法计算图像中所有可能轮廓点的显著性,利用简单阈值操作即可得到不同显著性等级的单像素宽度闭合区域轮廓。当计算轮廓点显著性时,融合流域变换、盆地动力学(Basindynamics)和弧段动力学三个过程为一个过程,消除了它们单独运行造成的冗余计算,提高了算法效率。实验结果表明,该算法可得到理想的等级轮廓输出,比现存的类似算法提高效率1.25倍。     

一种V型坡口焊缝图像处理方法及特征提取算法研究

为了提高V型坡口焊缝特征提取算法的效率和准确性,对V型坡口光条图像预处理,在图像感兴趣区域(Region of Interest,ROI)开窗基础上构建差异化卷积模板,经图像差分后实现光条纹增强及噪声颗粒化.通过形态学开运算和小连通域去除提取出二值化光条,并采用几何中心法完成光条骨架细化.通过对光条形态学特征分析,初步定位角点,分区域提取光条中心线,最终获得焊缝的精确特征点.实验结果表明,采用该方法能够有效去除噪声,准确提取出亚像素级特征点,相较传统角点检测算法效率提升60%,满足工业应用的高精度和实时性要求.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

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