反应增容PA6/PBT共混体系聚集态结构与力学性能

通过熔融共混制备了SMA增容的PA6/PBT共混物,研究了增容剂对PA6/PBT共混体系聚集态结构及力学性能的影响。研究表明,SMA能有效地提高PA6/PBT共混体系两相间的相容性,降低分散相尺寸,使分散相分布均匀,同时有效地提高了共混体系的力学性能。通过对试样进行热处理,探讨了不同热处理温度对PA6/PBT共混合金力学性能的影响。结果表明,热处理能提高共混物的拉伸强度,但导致共混物的缺口冲击强度下降。     

SMA增容ABS/PBT共混体系的形态和力学性能——共混过程对体系的影响

以苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)为增容剂,研究了共混工艺对ABS/PBT共混物聚集态结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,SMA先与ABS共混再与PBT共混,共混物的分散相尺寸最小、分布最均匀,优于SMA先与PBT共混再与ABS共混的方法。ABS与PBT共混物的相容性差,加入反应性相容剂SMA后,PBT分散相尺寸变小且均匀地分散于ABS中,显著改善了ABS/PBT共混物的冲击、拉伸性能。共混物的聚集态结构强烈地受共混工艺的影响。     

聚乳酸/聚丙烯两相体系的光辐照原位反应性增容EI北大核心CSCD

改善聚合物共混物体系的界面相容性一般都采用添加增容剂的方式实现。文中提出在熔融挤出聚乳酸/聚丙烯共混物(PLA/PP)的过程中,通过光引发聚合物两相基体之间原位反应的方式来达到提高相容性的目的。在紫外光辐照作用下,加入的多官能团单体三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)与聚丙烯和聚乳酸共同反应,在两相界面间生成链接两相结构的接枝或嵌段共聚物作为相间增容剂。通过差示扫描量热仪、扫描电子显微镜、偏光显微镜和旋转流变仪对共混物的结晶性能、微观形貌和动态粘弹性进行了研究。结果表明,原位光辐照反应后的PLA/PP共混物相容性明显提高,分散相PP的粒子尺寸大大降低,PLA相最大结晶成核速率比纯PLA增加超过4倍,且PLA的晶粒细化。PLA与PP相界面发生反应后,产生了支化结构和链缠结,使得储能模量和复数黏度大大增加。     

聚乳酸/聚丙烯两相体系的光辐照原位反应性增容

改善聚合物共混物体系的界面相容性一般都采用添加增容剂的方式实现。文中提出在熔融挤出聚乳酸/聚丙烯共混物(PLA/PP)的过程中,通过光引发聚合物两相基体之间原位反应的方式来达到提高相容性的目的。在紫外光辐照作用下,加入的多官能团单体三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)与聚丙烯和聚乳酸共同反应,在两相界面间生成链接两相结构的接枝或嵌段共聚物作为相间增容剂。通过差示扫描量热仪、扫描电子显微镜、偏光显微镜和旋转流变仪对共混物的结晶性能、微观形貌和动态粘弹性进行了研究。结果表明,原位光辐照反应后的PLA/PP共混物相容性明显提高,分散相PP的粒子尺寸大大降低,PLA相最大结晶成核速率比纯PLA增加超过4倍,且PLA的晶粒细化。PLA与PP相界面发生反应后,产生了支化结构和链缠结,使得储能模量和复数黏度大大增加。     

功能性核/壳结构共聚物乳液的制备及共混改性聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯

采用氧化还原引发体系、种子乳液聚合方法制备了功能单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)含量不同的核壳结构共聚物(Poly(BA/MMA-co-MAA),PBMMA)乳液。单体总转化率达99.6%,乳胶粒径(d z)在421nm左右,粒径多分散指数(PDI)均小于0.08,表明胶束无二次成核过程;透射电镜(TEM)观察到PBMMA明显的核壳结构。当MAA质量分数为0.9%时,PBT/PBMMA(质量比100/20)共混物的缺口冲击强度达到最大值,为纯PBT的7.6倍。动态力学分析(DMA)结果表明,橡胶相的内耗峰向高温方向移动,聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)的内耗峰向低温方向移动,力学损耗峰变宽,且当MAA的质量分数为0.9%时,两峰间的差值最小,说明此时的PBMMA与PBT间相容性最好。扫描电镜(SEM)观察到的共混物冲击断面证实了力学性能的变化。     

PP对PBT/POE-g-MAH共混体系相形态和力学性能的影响

将聚丙烯(PP)与官能化聚烯烃弹性体(POE-g-M AH)共混,制备出4种新型增韧改性剂,研究了PP的含量和种类对PBT/POE-g-M AH共混体系相形态和力学性能的影响。SEM观察发现,新型增韧改性剂作为分散相具有以POE-g-M AH为软壳、PP为硬核的包藏结构。随着高熔体流动指数PP(EPF 30R)含量的增加,软壳层厚度逐渐减小,包藏结构分散相的相畴尺寸略有减小,分布更加均匀。但添加低熔体流动指数PP(EPS30R)后,包藏结构分散相的相畴尺寸变大,分布不均匀。力学性能测试表明,适量高熔体流动指数PP与POE-g-M AH并用具有显著的协同增韧作用。与PBT/POE-g-M AH体系相比,在相同的增韧剂总用量时,共混物在保持超高韧性的同时,拉伸强度损失最小。     

PBT和PA6共混体系的力学性能和相形态研究

通过熔融法制备了PBT／PA6共混体系。实验结果表明,PBT与PA6的相容性较差,直接共混后其力学性能很差,而加入一种低成本的液体环氧树脂E-54作为PBT／PA6复合体系的相容剂,力学性能明显提高。通过SEM进一步证实,环氧树脂的加入可以降低分散相粒子的大小,改善界面形态,提高共混物的相容性。     

PBT/PC共混体系相容性与力学性能的研究

利用聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)与聚碳酸酯(PC)之间的酯交换反应,自制了PBT与PC的共聚产物作为PBT/PC共混体系的相容剂,讨论了相容剂对该共混体系综合性能的影响.结果表明,相容剂的加入改善了PBT与PC两相间的相容性,共混体系的强度和韧性得到协调.PBT/PC共混体系中组分PC不仅影响了组分PBT的结晶行为,其分子链还影响PBT分子链的有序排列,阻碍PBT的结晶,降低了PBT的成型收缩率.另一方面,PBT的存在也使得PC的耐溶剂性提高,且PBT的含量越高,体系耐溶剂性越强,同时使PC的流动性得以改善.     

PEN/PBT共混物的结晶行为和热性能

用差示扫描量热量仪(DSC)和热重分析仪(TGA)对聚对萘二甲酸乙二酯(PEN)/聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)共混物的相容性、结晶行为和热性能进行了研究。结果表明,PEN/PBT共混物属于热力学相容体系。加入少量PBT会使PEN的冷结晶行为扩大。热稳定性相对较差的PBT的加入会在一定程度上使PEN/PBT共混物的热稳定性下降。     

NBR-g-(GMA-co-St)的制备及其对PBT/PP复合材料的性能影响

以丁腈橡胶接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯-苯乙烯共聚物[NBR-g-(GMA-co-St)]为相容剂，制备了聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯/聚丙烯(PBT/PP)复合材料。通过傅利叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对丁腈橡胶接枝物进行结构分析，通过力学、动态力学分析(DMA)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热失重(TG)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等分析手段对复合材料进行表征。结果表明：接枝过程中加入与甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)同质量比的苯乙烯能有效地提高相对接枝度，降低交联度；NBR-g-(GMA-co-St)具有增韧作用，添加NBR-g-(GMA-co-St)使PBT/PP复合材料的冲击强度上升，拉伸强度下降；NBR-g-(GMA-co-St)的加入使分散相粒子尺寸变小，改善了复合材料的相容性；相容剂的加入降低了复合材料的熔融温度和结晶温度。     

Preparation of the HIPS/MA graft copolymer and its compatibilization in PA6/HIPS blends

The graft copolymer of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) grafted with malice anhydride (MA) (HIPS-g-MA) was prepared with melt mixing in the presence of a free-radical initiator. The grafting reaction was confirmed by IR analyses and the amount of MA grafted on HIPS was evaluated by a titration method. 1–5 wt% of MA can be grafted on HIPS. HIPS-g-MA is miscible with HIPS. Its anhydride group can react with the PA6 during melt mixing the two components. The compatibility of HIPS-g-MA in the HIPS/PA6 blends was evident. Evidence of reactions in the blends was confirmed in the morphology and mechanical properties of the blends. A significant reduction in domain size was observed because of the compatibilization of HIPS-g-MA in the blends of HIPS and PA6. The tensile mechanical properties of the prepared blends were investigated and the fracture surfaces of the blends were examined by means of the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The improved adhesion in a 16%HIPS/75%PA6 blend with 9%HIPS-g-MA copolymer was detected. The morphology of fibrillar ligaments formed by PA6 connecting HIPS particles was observed.     

复合硫化剂对氟橡胶/硅橡胶共混物结构和性能的影响

分别采用过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)/三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯(TAIC)、双酚AF/苄基三苯基氯化磷(BPP)/DCP、3#硫化剂/DCP三种复合硫化剂硫化氟橡胶/硅橡胶共混物。研究了不同复合硫化剂对氟橡胶/硅橡胶共混物的硫化特性、力学性能、耐热老化性能、耐油性能和低温性能的影响,采用动态热机械分析(DMA)、热重分析(TG)和扫描电镜(SEM)方法对氟橡胶/硅橡胶共混物进行表征。结果表明,采用DCP/TAIC硫化的氟橡胶/硅橡胶共混物具有良好的综合物理力学性能。DMA分析表明,DCP/TAIC硫化的共混物中氟橡胶相和硅橡胶相的Tg最高,TG分析表明,DCP/TAIC硫化的共混物具有良好的热稳定性。SEM照片表明,DCP/TAIC硫化的共混物界面结合作用较强。     

PBT／PMMA共混体系的研究

通过PBT/PMMA、PB/PMMA/PC共混物的拉伸行为、动态力学行为和形态,讨论了PC对PBT/PMMA共混体系的性能及形态的影响。指出PC的存在导致共混物中PMMA的粒径变小,使PMMA对PBT显示出增韧效应,但对PBT-PMMA的相容性无明显影响。     

Morphology and properties of acrylate styrene acrylonitrile/polybutylene terephthalate blends

The structure and mechanical properties of acrylate styrene acrylonitrile (ASA) and ASA/polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) blends have been studied. The morphology of ASA is found to conform to a previous model. 40/60 and 60/40 blends of ASA/PBT have a two-phase, dispersed morphology while the 50/50 blend is shown to have a co-continuous structure. As processing temperature is increased, the mechanical properties decrease, due to PBT degradation. The 60/40 ASA/PBT blend has very poor impact resistance because of the continuous, degraded PBT matrix. Better mechanical properties are observed for blends with a continuous ASA matrix, particularly in the 50/50 blend. Fracture surface analysis reveals a unique morphology of mushroom-like PBT fibrils for the low processing temperature samples near the crack tip. This is thought to occur due to the competition of cohesion and adhesion of the PBT with the ASA matrix.     

Morphologies and physical properties of PA1010/HIPS/HIPS-g-MA ternary blends

The effect of the content of a copolymer consisting of high impact polystyrene grafted with maleic anhydride (HIPS-g-MA) on morphological and mechanical properties of PA1010/HIPS blends has been studied. Blend morphologies were controlled by adding HIPS-g-MA during melt processing, thus the dispersion of the HIPS phase and interfacial adhesion between the domains and matrices in these blends were changed obviously. The weight fractions of HIPS-g-MA in the blends increased from 2.5 to 20, then much finer dispersions of discrete HIPS phase with average domain sizes decreased from 6.1 to 0.1 m were obtained. It was found that a compatibilizer, a graft copolymer of HIPS-g-MA and PA1010 was synthesized in situ during the melt mixing of the blends. The mechanical properties of compatibilized blends were obviously better than those of uncompatibilized PA1010/HIPS blends. These behaviors could be attributed to the chemical interactions between the two components of PA1010 and HIPS-g-MA and good dispersion in PA1010/HIPS/HIPS-g-MA blends. Evidence of reactions in the blends was seen in the morphology and mechanical behaviour of the solid. The blend containing 5 wt% HIPS-g-MA component exhibited outstanding toughness.     

聚酯含量对PBT/PET/PA-6三元共混物性能影响

采用ＤＳＣ、ＳＥＭ等方法对ＰＢＴ／ＰＥＴ／ＰＡ６三元共混物中聚酯含量的变化与共混物性能之间的关系进行了研究。实验结果表明,共混物中ＰＥＴ含量的增加有利于提高该三元共混物的热性能和结晶性能;另外,ＰＢＴ含量的增加则大大提高了共混物的抗冲击能力。     

Fracture behavior and environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR) of HIPS/PE blends and the effect of compatibilization on their properties

Attempts have been made to study the fracture behavior and environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR) of HIPS/PE blends. The effect of compatibilization on their properties was also studied. EWF tests were conducted to measure the essential specific work of fracture (w_e) and non-essential specific work of fracture (βw_p). The ESCR of the samples was investigated using a special modified tensile creep test under an aggressive environment (sunflower oil). It was found that EWF methodology could be applied to uncompatibilized and compatibilized HIPS/PE blends as well as HIPS. The essential specific work of fracture of compatibilized HIPS/PE blends was higher than uncompatibilized HIPS/PE blends and pure HIPS, while its non-essential work of fracture was higher than uncompatibilized blends and lower than pure HIPS. The results also showed that the ESCR of HIPS decreases with incorporation of PE, but an effective compatibilization of this blend increases its ESCR even higher than pure HIPS. The different properties of compatibilized and uncompatibilized blends and HIPS, in EWF and ESCR tests, were attributed to the different mechanisms of fracture in these materials. The different mechanisms of fracture were justified using morphological studies performed on fracture surfaces of each sample. SEM images showed that there is a reasonable correlation between mechanisms of fracture and microstructure of the samples.