自重构模块化机器人的自修复算法

设计了一种三维网格型、同构式新型自重构模块化机器人 M-cubes 系统,提出了一种基于故障模块位置的自重构模块化机器人的分布式自修复方法.此方法适用于网格型自重构机器人,能够实现对任意位置的故障模块的自修复,有效地解决故障模块处于机器人结构内部时自修复过程运算复杂的棘手问题,优化自修复过程中的运动路径.最后对模块的自修复任务进行了仿真,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

基于分布式控制的自重构机器人变形策略

设计了一种形状类似立方体、运动空间为三维的称为M-Cubes的新型自重构模块机器人.提出了建立在路径规划和连接规划基础上的变形运动策略,此方法有效地解决了模块在自重构过程中计算量大的棘手问题,优化了系统在变形过程中的运动路径.最后利用Java 3D对模块的本地连接规则进行了仿真,验证了该变形方法的可行性和有效性.     

群体机器人自组装的分布式控制方法与实验研究

基于自组装模块化机器人平台Sambot,提出了一种分布式的自组装控制方法,并用5个Sambot机器人,成功实现了4足构型的自组装实验。用此方法可使每个对接机器人仅依赖红外传感器的局部感知和通信能力,通过漫游、导航、自主对接行为实现与种子机器人的自主对接。这种自组装控制方法可以直接扩展到多个Sambot执行,以构建任意构型的集合体机器人。     

基于多智能体的自重构机器人突现控制系统平台的构建

构建了基于多智能体的模块化自重构机器人系统实验平台.在详细分析了自重构系统的主要特点的基础上,设计了一种新型的同构阵列式模块化自重构机器人M-Cubes,阐述了多智能体分布式体系的控制结构,给出了实验平台的设计策略,包括单智能体结构设计、控制系统的硬件设计、单元模块的基本运动和系统运动规划策略.利用Ja-va3D开发了一个仿真试验平台,对各种控制算法进行了仿真和测试评估.     

针对阶跃形式失控的基于门限自回归模型的SPC-EPC集成研

SPC-EPC集成是一种控制和提升产品质量的有效方法,目前在传统SPC EPC集成的研究中通常使用线性时间序列模型来描述过程的动态自相关关系,但线性模型难以对更加复杂的非线性自相关关系进行有效描述．针对这一问题,提出了使用一类非线性时间序列模型,即门限自回归模型(TAR)来描述系统的动态自相关关系,并依此建立最小均方误差控制器,并进一步建立SPC EPC集成控制体系．针对在生产过程中常见的以阶跃形式存在的过程失控,首先通过例子研究了控制器在单独使用以及集成控制方法下的控制效果并且与线性控制器相应的结果进行了对比,之后通过模拟研究进一步验证和分析了这一集成控制方法的控制效果．结果表明,基于非线性时间序列的集成SPC EPC控制方法可以针对含阶跃形式失控的复杂的非线性自相关过程进行有效的控制．     

多正则化形式的超分辨率图像重建

为了抑制超分辨图像重建过程中的振铃锯齿效应,本文提出一种多正则化形式的超分辨率重建算法。文章首先给出了图像降质模型并推导出了图像重构约束项。利用重构项直接对低分辨率图像进行重建,获得的高分辨图像会有锯齿和振铃效应。针对此问题,本文利用自回归模型和滤波器组先验来正则化重建过程。自回归模型用来恢复图像局部细节描述,与此同时本文利用自然图像块的聚类集来估计自适应自回归模型参数。滤波器组先验用来约束重建图像的边缘,使得获取的高分辨率的图像边缘更加锐利。最后通过实验定性与定量的分析,证实了本文算法优于其他具有竞争力的算法。     

水下分散自重构系统虚拟原型

开发了水下分散自重构系统的虚拟原型,从模块、拓扑和构形三个层次对水下分散自重构系统进行了描述,实现了对其运动和自重构过程的动力学仿真,并通过3D方式实时显示仿真与分析结果。利用该虚拟原型分析了系统的多种步态和自重构过程,说明虚拟原型可以为系统自重构策略提供直观可信的设计和测试手段。相对于实物样机,虚拟原型也具有低成本和易扩展的特点。     

可自修复的模块化机器人对接系统设计

研究了新型网格型三维运动空间自重构模块机器人M-Cubes的对接系统的机构设计,在此基础上,针对该机器人的自修复性能和模块连接可靠性的不足,为其设计了一个新的对接系统.该对接系统主要由可伸缩轴和可变孔组成,通过可伸缩轴和可变孔的对中、配合、锁紧和松开可实现正常模块与正常模块、正常模块与故障模块的连接和分离,从而可实现自重构,保持机器人整体构型的完整性.对相邻模块对接时垂直锁紧机构进行了受力分析和仿真和实验的结果证实,该系统能够满足自修复的要求,连接的可靠性也更高.     

一种基于模糊PID的立方体机器人控制系统

针对以棱边为支点的立方体机器人坡面自平衡控制问题,提出了一种基于模糊PID的立方体机器人控制系统的设计方法.首先,基于自主设计的一种内部集成的动量轮立方体机器人,通过Lagrange方程建立了坡面上立方体机器人的动力学模型,证明了在平衡点附近是一个不稳定系统且具有能控性和能观性.其次,设计了一种基于模糊PID的角速度-...     

基于Alpha稳定自相似过程的网络业务流建模

针对实际网络传输中存在的自相似现象，介绍了自相似的含义，指出了采用alpha稳定过程作为建模理论的理由，给出了alpha稳定过程及线性分形稳定噪声(LFSN)过程的定义和相关性质，提出了一种新的网络业务流模型，并对新模型进行了仿真分析比较，证实新模型在描述突发性方面优于其他的自相似网络模型，因此新模型能更好地描述实际网络传输的主要特征。     

新型可重组模块化并联微动机器人研究

针对国内各种结构并联微动机器人结构复杂、不易标定等问题,提出了一类新型的结构解耦可重组模块化并联微动机器人.根据任务要求,利用并联微动机器人构型原理,选择不同的运动支链模块可构建3-6DOFs（自由度）并联微动机器人.其运动支链模块是由简单的弹性运动副单元组成,采用一体化设计,从而保证微动机器人的精度要求,解决了并联微动机器人采用完全装配式装配误差大、整体加工式工艺性较差的技术问题.     

可重构装配系统中装配模块的可重构性研究

介绍了可以快速适应新产品装配生产的可重构装配系统概念，进行了可重构装配系统中装配模块的可重构性研究，提出将可重构装配模块的结构分为可重构接口模块、状态协调器模块和自治域模块三个部分的设计方案。在此基础上，构建了Scara仿真机器人装配模块和Motoman仿真机器人装配模块。通过可重构装配系统仿真实验证明，它们基本上符合可重构装配系统对于装配模块的要求。     

Timed event graph-based cyclic reconfigurable flow shop modelling and optimization

The manufacturing process of a part involves sequential steps and each step could be viewed as the part being manufactured by a process module with some specific function. The module must be placed on a machine and connected to the machine via standard interfaces. The machine considered here is a carrier or general platform that can hold one or several different modules simultaneously. Based on the idea that modules are independent of machines and different combinations of modules and machines result in different configurations, the cyclic reconfigurable flow shop is proposed for the new manufacturing paradigm—Reconfigurable Manufacturing System (RMS). The cyclic reconfigurable flow shop can be modelled as a timed event graph. Different cases of cyclic reconfigurable flow shops are discussed and the optimal configuration can be obtained by solving the corresponding mixed-integer program derived from the timed event graph model.     

Optimal cost design of flow lines with reconfigurable machines for batch production

Modular reconfigurable machines offer the possibility to efficiently produce a family of different parts. This paper formalises a cost optimisation problem for flow lines equipped with reconfigurable machines which carry turrets, machining modules and single spindles. The proposed models take into account constraints related to: (i) design of machining modules, turrets, and machines, (ii) part locations, and (iii) precedence relations among operations. The goal is to minimise equipment cost while reaching a given output and satisfying all the constraints. A mixed integer programming model is developed for the considered optimisation problem. The approach is validated through an industrial case study and extensive numerical experiments.     

Development of a dual-robot system for prototype production

A dual-robot machining system has been developed for manufacturing complex objects. The system consists of two six-axis industrial robots with flexible tool changers, a CAD/CAM package for geometric design and toolpath generation, a robot simulation package for collision avoidance, and a vision system for robot calibration. It offers the flexibility to reconfigure the robots of the system to accommodate workpieces of different shapes and sizes. A prototype of the system has been successfully developed and tested, and shows satisfactory performance in machining quality and control over the configurations of the robots. Examples are given of the application of the system to machining objects with spherical and sculptured surfaces. The system has been shown to be flexible, reconfigurable, automatic, and capable of manufacturing complex prototypes in the current industry environment.     

Templated Self‐Assembly of Block Copolymers: Top‐Down Helps Bottom‐Up

One of the key challenges in nanotechnology is to control a self‐assembling system to create a specific structure. Self‐organizing block copolymers offer a rich variety of periodic nanoscale patterns, and researchers have succeeded in finding conditions that lead to very long range order of the domains. However, the array of microdomains typically still contains some uncontrolled defects and lacks global registration and orientation. Recent efforts in templated self‐assembly of block copolymers have demonstrated a promising route to control bottom‐up self‐organization processes through top‐down lithographic templates. The orientation and placement of block‐copolymer domains can be directed by topographically or chemically patterned templates. This templated self‐assembly method provides a path towards the rational design of hierarchical device structures with periodic features that cover several length scales.     

Multi-objective design optimization of reconfigurable machine tools: a modified fuzzy-Chebyshev programming approach

A reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS) is designed for rapid adjustment of functionalities in response to market changes. A RMS consists of a number of reconfigurable machine tools (RMTs) for processing different jobs using different processing modules. The potential benefits of a RMS may not be materialized if not properly designed. This paper focuses on RMT design optimization considering three important yet conflicting factors: configurability, cost and process accuracy. The problem is formulated as a multi-objective model. A mechanism is developed to generate and evaluate alternative designs. A modified fuzzy-Chebyshev programming (MFCP) method is proposed to achieve a preferred compromise of the design objectives. Unlike the original fuzzy-Chebyshev programming (FCP) method which imposes an identical satisfaction level for all objectives regardless of their relative importance, the MFCP respects their priority order. This method also features an adaptive satisfaction-level-dependent process to dynamically adjust objective weights in the search process. A particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSOA) is developed to provide quick solutions. The application of the proposed approach is demonstrated using a reconfigurable boring machine. Our computational results have shown that the combined MFCP and PSOA algorithm is efficient and robust. The advantages of the MFCP over the original FCP are also illustrated based on the results.     

基于多边法的三维坐标测量系统自标定最优方案

研究了基于多边法的三维坐标测量系统的自标定问题 ,并首次给出了四路激光跟踪干涉仪和测量点布局的一些指导性原则。首先从系统自标定的数学模型入手 ,指出影响系统自标定的各个因素。通过大量的计算机仿真 ,研究各个因素对系统自标定的影响规律。最后综合得到了系统自标定应遵循的一些指导性原则 ,这些原则对于实际操作时进行合理的系统自标定、提高自标定精度乃至提高整个系统的测量精度具有重要意义     

Block Copolymers as a Tool for Nanomaterial Fabrication

In this review the latest developments regarding the use of self‐assembled copolymers for the fabrication of nanomaterials will be presented and their real potential evaluated. Most of the strategies reported so far are herewith classified under two main approaches: a) use of block copolymers as nanostructured materials, either “as they are” or through a selective isolation of one or more component blocks, and b) as templates for the synthesis of metallic or semiconducting nanomaterials. The problems of the orientation and large‐scale order of self‐organizing block copolymer mesophases will be also introduced, due to their importance as a route towards further improvements of the nanofabrication means.