基于降维-回归的车内声品质时变烦躁度评价

用心理声学参量表征声品质评价指标,可直观描述人对噪声信号的主观感觉。相比于听审团评分,它具有简单快速、效率高的优点,在此基础上将多个客观参量降维到低维空间,用少数具有代表性的参量定量表征主观感受,有利于声品质评价的标准化。通过采集轿车车内噪声信号,以等间隔不同车速状态和怠速状态下的噪声样本作为研究对象,考虑汽车车内噪声特性的时变效应,分别计算出噪声样本的心理声学客观参数时变算术平均值。提出以“时变烦躁度”作为主观评价指标,以语义细分法结合数字等级评分法作为主观评价方法进行主观评价试验。用因子分析对6 种客观参量进行降维,结合显著相关性分析确定出响度(Z)、粗糙度、AI 指数3 个客观参量,并用多元回归建立声品质烦躁度评价预测数学模型。预测结果显示：回归预测三参量模型的相对误差率在5 %以下,比六参量模型相对误差率低,预测效果比较理想,说明这3 个参量可以有效表征主观烦躁度,同时证明噪声声品质的时变烦躁度评价预测模型是有效的.     

车内噪声综合烦躁度模糊综合评价

以车内噪声为研究对象,研究了声品质的主观模糊综合评价方法。根据汽车车内噪声测量标准设计噪声采集方案,对平稳和非平稳车内噪声进行了数据采集、信号预处理,建立噪声样本数据库。采用参考语义细分法对四款汽车车内噪声的综合烦躁度进行主观评价试验研究,基于主观评价试验结果和模糊综合算法,建立了综合烦躁度模糊综合评价模型,可以计算出整车噪声综合烦躁度总值。结果表明不同车型有其自身的声品质特征。所提出的方法可用于实施不同车辆的声品质比较和评判。     

重型商用车噪声测试及声品质客观评价分析

在重型商用车减振降噪设计中,声品质已成为舒适性评价的重要指标之一。以Zwicker提出的对噪声进行主观评价的客观量化方法为基础,通过响度、尖锐度、粗糙度、抖动强度、音调度和语言清晰度6种噪声客观评价参量计算方法对某国产重型商用车加速工况车内噪声试验测试数据进行分析,得到车内副驾驶员各项心理声学参量的变化规律,可为商用车车内声品质研究提供参考依据,并对建立加速工况下商用车声音品质烦躁度的客观量化模型提供参数基础。     

某型变速箱箱体共振时的声品质评价

为对变速箱箱体共振时的噪声声品质进行评价,通过参考语义细分法的主观评价和计算声品质客观参量建立变速箱模态共振工况下的声品质评价模型。结合多种主观评价试验方法优缺点,采用改进的参考语义细分法。选取主要的声品质客观参量进行计算,试验数据表明,在371 Hz、460 Hz和492 Hz等低阶共振频率激励下,变速箱箱体产生噪声的响度较高,尖锐度、波动度和粗糙度较相对较低,但烦躁度值相对较高。在652 Hz和813 Hz共振频率激励下,噪声引起的烦躁度值较低。     

某混合动力汽车非稳态车内声品质评价研究

针对某混合动力汽车非稳态工况下的车内声品质评价进行研究。采集该车内不同位置、不同驱动模式以及不同车速情况下的车内噪声样本,对不同的非稳态工况进行客观参量分析,得出电机单独驱动模式下可以用尖锐度评价非稳态车内声品质、混合驱动与发动机单独驱动模式下可以用响度评价非稳态车内声品质的结论。基于BP神经网络模型,进行基于心理声学客观参量与临界频率带解析小波分解的非稳态车内声品质评价,预测结果表明后者的预测效果优于前者,且稳定性较高。     

车内噪声品质低沉度参量的数学模型

低频成分的噪声是车内噪声的主要特征之一, 并对车辆的力度、轰鸣、烦恼等主观听觉感知特征产生影响, 本文的研究旨在建立车内低频噪声的主观声品质评价的参量和数学模型。首先采用听音和想象法等词汇描述进行主观问卷调查, 通过对调查得到描述词汇的统计分析, 得到了描述车内噪声低频特征的中文描述词-低沉。然后采用仿真头双耳记录的车内噪声信号进行实验室主观评价, 通过对评价结果的分析得到了影响低沉度感知的主要参量, 并由此建立了以 1/3 倍频程声压级、锐度和粗糙度为变量的低沉度参量的数学模型。采用成对比较法和语义细分法主观评价实验的结果验证了模型的准确性。结果表明, 低沉度模型的预测结果与主观评价结果具有很高的相关性, 从而证明了所提出模型的有效性。     

支持向量机车内加速噪声声品质预测

为准确评价车内加速噪声声品质,利用成对比较法对14款汽车从30 km/h加速到80 km/h行驶时的车内噪声进行主观评价试验,同时计算5个主要心理声学客观参量,并通过相关分析得出对声品质有重要影响的客观参量。采用支持向量机建立车内加速噪声声品质的预测模型,经验证其预测相对误差都在9.5%以内,表明该模型可以准确地对车内噪声声品质进行预测。     

车内噪声烦恼度的声品质分析

以4种类型轿车在不同车速下匀速行驶时不同位置点采集到的车内噪声样本为评价对象,采用等级评分法对车内噪声声品质烦恼度进行主观评价试验,分析计算各噪声样本的心理声学客观参数;通过相关分析和多元线性回归分析,建立匀速车内噪声主观评价烦恼度与心理声学客观参数间的数学模型。研究结果表明,在良好路面和匀速工况下车内声品质烦恼度主要受低沉度和音调度两个心理声学客观参数影响。     

地铁车内噪声主观烦恼度模糊综合评价方法

声品质是地铁车内乘坐舒适性的一项重要指标。以地铁列车车内噪声为研究对象,探讨声品质的主观模糊综合评价方法。以上海地铁9号线为例,考虑地铁运行的三种工况、两种乘客乘坐姿态,分别测取车内不同位置的噪声信号,采用分组成对比较法对测点噪声进行主观评价实验和模糊综合,计算得出地铁整车的烦恼度评价综合值,可用以实施不同列车的声品质比较和评判。所提出的方法对地铁声学设计和提高乘坐舒适性提供参考。     

高速动车组噪声声品质实验及其客观评价方法

在高速动车组减振降噪设计中,声品质已成为舒适性评价的重要指标之一。Zwicker提出了对噪声进行主观评价的客观量化方法,本文以其理论为基础,深入分析4种噪声客观评价参量（响度、尖锐度、粗糙度、抖动度）的计算方法,并且以高速铁路动车组车内噪声为例进行相关参量的试验测试。得出车内典型位置不同运行速度时各心理声学参量的现状和分布规律,其结论为高速铁路动车组车内声品质研究提供依据。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.