脉冲喷射电沉积纳米结构镍涂层研究

采用脉冲喷射电沉积法在45钢基体表面制备了纳米结构镍涂层，研究了平均电流密度对涂层性能的影响。用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对涂层表面形貌和晶粒尺寸进行分析，并对涂层进行耐腐蚀性试验。结果表明，平均电流密度为39．8A／dm^2。时涂层最致密，镍涂层平均晶粒尺寸最小．为13．7nm；经过脉，中喷射电沉积后，耐腐蚀性能明显提高。     

泡沫镍基镍硫合金涂层形貌、结构和析氢性能研究

在含有柠檬酸、硫脲和少许糖精的Watt镀液中,用电沉积的方法在镍泡沫基体上制备了镍硫合金涂层.各层涂层的形貌用SEM分析,各层硫量的分布用EDX测量.第1层涂层的结构用XRD测定.对各种电极包括镍泡沫基、镍网基上镍硫涂层电极,空白镍泡沫、镍网电极等的极氢电位进行了测量,研究了不同温度下镍泡沫基镍硫涂层电极的析氢活性.结果表明,镍泡沫基Ni-S涂层电极的析氢活性比镍网基Ni-S涂层电极活性高得多.镍泡沫各层硫量呈梯度的分布规律,由表及里硫含量逐步降低,中心层硫含量最低.各层表面微细颗粒大小及其均一性不相同,第1层的颗粒尺寸大于其它层的颗粒,其大小均一性也较其它层差.镍硫涂层是镍和Ni3S2组成的非晶态,使涂层具有丰富的表面积和氢气析出反应的活性中心.在加热的电解液中,在60℃以下和60℃以上的温区内电极析氢反应的机制不完全一样,受温度影响的程度也不一样.4000A/m2、90℃时,这种电极的析氢电位比15℃时析氢电位低180mV.     

电沉积制备Ni-S涂层电极的研究

以泡沫镍为基体电沉积制备了Ni-S涂层电极.通过对电流密度、电沉积温度、电沉积时间和镀液pH值等条件对涂层析氢性能影响的研究,确定了适宜的电沉积工艺条件;电极涂层的XRD、SEM测试结果表明涂层为非晶态结构、表面颗粒大小均匀且具较大表面积;电解过程中出现了Ni3S2由非晶态向晶态的转变,由于Ni3S2具有较强的吸附氢能力,是析氢反应的催化活性中心,电解过程中Ni3S2的出现降低了电极的析氢电位.模拟电解水实验结果表明泡沫镍基Ni-S涂层电极较Raney-Ni电极具有更好的析氢活性.     

镍基喷焊涂层与钛合金基体界面特征的研究

考察了三种工艺制备的镍基喷焊涂层与钛合金基体结合界面的组织形貌、涂层横切面上合金元素的扩散和显微硬度的变化,分析了它们的界面特征及影响因素.结果表明:镍基喷焊涂层与基体钛合金的结合是基于合金元素扩散的冶金结合,合金元素的扩散对涂层与基体能否形成冶金结合具有决定性的影响,钛合金表面的活化处理、涂层合金重熔时液态停留时间以及喷焊后进行时效处理是影响合金元素扩散的主要因素.     

激光熔覆制备抗冲蚀磨损镍基复合涂层的研究进展

冲蚀磨损是材料在流体或含固体颗粒流体的冲击作用下造成的表面磨损现象,在传统材料表面熔覆粉末可以有效改善其表面性能,抑制材料损伤速度,降低制造成本.采用激光熔覆制备的涂层具有结合强度高、对基材的稀释率低和热影响程度小等优点,用于解决恶劣环境下服役零件的冲蚀磨损问题,具有很好的应用前景.熔覆材料主要包括铁基、钴基、镍基三个体系.其中,铁基涂层抗磨性好、成本低,但涂层易产生裂纹缺陷,自溶性、抗氧化性差;钴基涂层耐磨耐蚀性好,但是价格昂贵;镍基涂层抗高温氧化性和耐磨耐蚀性好,价格适宜,综合起来优势明显,应用前景广阔.国内外很多研究人员通过调整镍基合金粉末的成分和激光熔覆的工艺参数改善涂层的性能,如向镍粉中加入硬质陶瓷颗粒或者合适的元素等提高镍基复合涂层的性能.主要硬质颗粒包括WC、Al2 O3、SiC、TiC等.一些学者通过加入镍铝金属间化合物来提高涂层的耐蚀性能;一些学者向涂层中加入稀土元素以生成稳定的化合物;一些学者研究工艺参数对涂层性能的影响.此外,还有一些学者通过在渣浆泵、抽油泵、水轮机等零件上制备镍基涂层,显著提升工件的耐磨耐蚀性能.本文综述了激光熔覆镍基复合涂层的研究进展,指出了目前研究存在的问题,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望,为镍基复合涂层的深入研究和在冲蚀磨损工况条件下的推广应用提供参考.     

超音速火焰喷涂MCrAlY层的抗冲击性能及冲击失效机理

超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)的MCrAlY涂层性能优异.在不锈钢表面超音速火焰喷涂MCrAIY层,并对涂层形貌、抗冲击性能、冲击失效机理进行研究.结果表明:当氧气与燃油流量比达到最佳值时涂层抗冲击性能最佳;MCrAlY涂层受钢球冲击时,最初是弱结合表层微凸体受冲击脱落,然后在钢球的循环冲击下,部分微凸体产生滑移、脱落,同...     

电沉积法制备碳纳米管/黑镍复合涂层的光学与结构特性

利用复合电沉积的方法在钛合金基体上成功制备出具有优异光学性能的碳纳米管／黑镍复合涂层, 并研究了复合涂层的微观形貌、光学性能以及镀液中碳纳米管浓度和电镀电流密度对光学性能的影响。实验结果表明: 相较于传统电镀方法获得的单一黑镍涂层, 复合涂层的晶粒尺寸明显减小, 形成多孔结构, 表面粗糙程度明显增加。复合涂层对300~2300 nm范围内的入射光吸收率达到98%左右, 在2.5~20 μm范围内的红外吸收率达到94%, 远远高于传统单一黑镍涂层。复合涂层的太阳吸收比会随着镀液中碳纳米管浓度与电镀电流密度的增加呈先增大后减小的变化规律。     

纳米晶镍涂层与基体的界面扩散研究

在不同温度下(150℃~500℃)对电沉积纳米晶镍镀层与低碳钢基体进行低温扩散退火热处理。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的背散射电子(BSE)像及附带的能量色散谱(EDS)考察了热处理后样品中涂层与基体界面上的相结构变化及过渡层的形成。结果表明,在250℃~500℃范围进行低温扩散退火可以有效促使纳米晶镍涂层与基体界面上原子的互扩散,形成扩散过渡层,同时界面上形成了新的相结构。     

化学镀镍对碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺表面WC/Co涂层抗热震性能的影响

在航空发动机涡轮叶片用碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺(C/PMR15)复合材料表面喷涂WC/Co涂层可以提高其抗氧化耐冲刷性能,采用整体热震法能够评定涂层与基体的结合力.研究了在C/PMR15基体上化学镀镍作为粘结底层对WC/Co喷涂层抗热震性能的影响,并与喷涂PMR15粉末作为过渡层的方法进行了比较.结果表明,在PMR15过渡层上不能得到完整的后续涂层,在化学镀镍粘结底层上可得到连续致密的镍基合金层和WC/Co涂层,镀镍层大幅度提高了基体抗氧化能力,缓和了WC/Co涂层和基体界面位置的热应力,涂层抗热震性提高.     

化学镀镍基金刚石复合材料涂层的制备与性能研究

研究了化学镀镍基金刚石复合材料涂层的制备工艺与性能,金刚石在镀膜液中的添加量为１５－２５ｇ／Ｌ,涂层的沉积速率比较高,金刚石散分布于基体之中,随着体积分数的增加,基体的强化效果愈加显著,比镍磷合金,硬铬镀层和表面淬火处理的４５钢,具有更高的耐磨损性能。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.