聚碳硅烷纤维的不熔化与SiC纤维制备研究

以聚二甲基硅烷(PDMS)为原料,在高压釜内高温高压反应制备了聚碳硅烷(PCS)先驱体,经熔融纺丝制备了PCS纤维,研究了在190 C下不同不熔化时间对PCS纤维氧化增重、Si-H键反应程度、凝胶含量、氧含量及最终SiC纤维氧含量与性能的影响.研究表明,在不熔化过程中,PCS结构中的Si-H键与氧反应,在PCS分子间形成Si-O-Si交联结构.随着不熔化时间的延长,PCS纤维发生氧化增重、Si-H键反应程度提高、凝胶含量增加,SiC纤维中氧含量也逐渐增加.在不熔化保温3h,制备的SiC纤维强度可达2.52GPa.随着不熔化时间的进一步延长,SiC纤维氧含量增加,其强度逐渐降低.     

聚碳硅烷制备SiC纤维的热化学交联研究

以异丙醇锆(ZIP)为交联剂、聚碳硅烷(PCS)为先驱体,在Ar气氛的保护下通过干法纺丝、热化学交联工艺使PCS从热塑性转变热固性结构.研究了该工艺对PCS纤维质量变化、Si-H反应程度、溶解性及氧含量等性能的影响.实验结果表明:在不熔化过程中,PCS结构中的Si-H键与ZIP反应,在PCS分子间形成Si-O-Zr交联结构,随着交联温度和保温时间的升高,Si-H反应程度和纤维失重率相应提高;在测试范围内最大Si-H反应程度为73.06%,失重率2.678%,氧含量低于2.0%.     

预氧化聚碳硅烷纤维热分解动力学及其机理

利用动态TGA分析和Coats-Redfern模型研究了预氧化聚碳硅烷(PCS)纤维的热分解动力学,用IR、XRD、SEM和HRTEM等研究了其热分解过程与机理。结果表明,预氧化PCS纤维热分解过程为一级反应,表观活化能为19.826kJ/mol;在初始分解阶段,主要为小分子PCS逸出,≡Si-H键之间以及≡Si-H与≡Si-CH3键发生了脱氢、脱CH4反应,从而导致交联程度的增加;随热分解温度进一步提高,分子的有机侧链急剧热解,分解产物从有机物转变为存在部分微晶的无机结构;热分解温度继续提高,纤维无机化结构进一步完善,β-SiC晶粒尺寸增加,纤维中出现自由碳;1250℃以上,β-SiC晶粒急剧长大,晶粒尺寸增加导致SiC纤维的力学性能下降。     

聚碳硅烷纤维在1 己炔气氛中不熔化处理制备低氧含量SiC纤维

将聚碳硅烷(PCS)纤维在1-己炔气氛中进行化学气相交联不熔化处理, 与空气不熔化相比, 能大大降低纤维的氧含量。PCS纤维在1-己炔气氛中反应, 其组成和结构都发生了变化。结果表明, 在1-己炔气氛中, PCS分子的Si—H键的反应程度和纤维的凝胶含量随温度的升高而逐渐增加。反应机制为1-己炔受热引发PCS分子中的Si—H和Si—CH₃键断裂生成Si自由基和Si—CH₂自由基, 促进PCS分子间形成Si—CH₂—Si交联结构, 最终实现不熔化。反应中有少量己基引入到PCS分子结构中。制得的SiC纤维拉伸强度达到2.79 GPa, 氧含量降低到5wt%~6wt%, 并且纤维的耐高温性能明显优于Nicalon纤维。在Ar气中处理至1300℃, 纤维强度保留率约为80%, 处理至1400℃, 纤维的强度保留率为60%, 并且在1300~1600℃的处理过程中, 纤维中β-SiC微晶的晶粒尺寸变化只有2.18nm。      

液态聚硅烷高压合成聚碳硅烷先驱体的组成与结构表征

以液态聚硅烷(LPS)为原料,首次在高温高压条件下制备了聚碳硅烷(PCS)先驱体,对其组成及结构进行了表征.研究表明,LPS高压合成的PCS是以Si-C为主链的聚合物.其重均分子量为2861,分子量分布系数为1.92,实验式为SiC1.89H481O0.05,主要含有由Si-CH3,Si-CH2-Si,Si-H组成的SiC4,SiC3H等结构单元,C H/Si-H值约为9.83,SiC3H/SiC4值约为0.48,是支化度较高的分子.高压合成的PCS比常压PCS有高的分子量及Si H键含量,比常压合成体现出了PCS先驱体的优异性.     

聚二甲基硅烷高温高压合成聚碳硅烷工艺研究

以聚二甲基硅烷(PDMS)为原料,在高压釜内高温高压反应制备了聚碳硅烷(PCS)先驱体,研究了合成条件对反应终压、Si-H键含量、产物产率、软化点、分子量及其分布及可纺性的影响.研究表明,随着反应温度的提高,反应时间的延长,反应终压逐渐增大,产物的分子量与软化点增高,但同时分子量的分散性增大使可纺性变差.当PDMS在高压釜内460℃下反应4～6h,或450℃下反应6～7h时,可以制得软化点约为200～220℃的PCS,其高分子部分含量约 5%～10 %(质量分数),Si-H键含量大于0.9,可纺性较好,适合于制备SiC纤维.     

聚碳硅烷纤维的辐照氧化联合热处理研究

空气气氛下采用γ射线辐照处理聚碳硅烷(Polycarbosilane,PCS)纤维,再于N2气氛下进行热处理.研究了辐照氧化及热处理过程中PCS纤维的质量、化学结构、凝胶含量的变化及热分解特性,分析了热处理对纤维不熔化的影响.研究表明:有氧辐照过程中,PCS纤维增重明显,到1.0 MGy时增重可达16.6％.经热处理后...     

反应温度对液态聚硅烷高压合成聚碳硅烷性能的影响

以液态聚硅烷(LPS)为原料,在高压釜内反应制备了聚碳硅烷(PCS)先驱体。研究发现,随着反应温度的升高．PCS的分子量增大,产率提高,软化点提高．Si—H键含量降低．在反应过程中LPS首先转化为小分子量的PCS．然后是小分子的PCS间发生脱氢及少量脱甲烷缩合使分子量长大。450℃后,反应产率明显增加,分子量分布出现中分子量峰。     

氧含量对连续SiC纤维弹性模量影响的研究

采用不同预氧化升温制度分别制备了系列Si-H键反应程度不同的PCS不熔化纤维,并在—定温度下高温烧成,制得系列氧含量不同的SiC纤维.采用元素分析,XRD,SEM等分析手段系统研究了氧含量对SiC纤维组成、结构、性能,尤其是对SiC纤维弹性模量的影响.在惰性气氛保护下,对上述系列SiC纤维进行高温处理,研究了氧含量对高温处理后的SiC纤维弹性模量的影响.     

含铍聚碳硅烷的合成机理研究

含铍SiC陶瓷纤维是一种新型的高性能SiC纤维,而优质含铍聚碳硅烷先驱体(PBCS)的合成是得到该种纤维的重要保证。以乙酰丙酮铍(Be(acac)_2)和聚碳硅烷(PCS)为原料制备得到PBCS,并对其合成机理进行了深入研究,采用PCS和石蜡分别与Be(acac)2进行对比反应,用GC-MS对反应小分子产物进行分析,确定了Be(acac)_2与PCS的成键反应实际是Be与Si—H键反应,C—H键没有参与含铍键的形成反应;根据小分子反应产物的生成途径,合理分析了PBCS的合成反应原理。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.