碳纳米管的化学镀银

碳纳米管因其优异的力学、物理性能，是一种理想的复合材料增强体。通过化学镀可在碳纳米管表面镀上一层连续的银镀层，以增强碳纳米管与金属基体的界面结合力．本文研究了在碳纳来管上化学沉积银的工艺及其影响因素．SEM、TEM观察表明：氧化、活化及镀是影响镀层质量的最重要因素．尽可能多的活化点以及尽可能慢的镀速将大大改善镀层质量。     

用于涂层导体的Ag/立方织构Cu复合基带的制备

通过二次冷轧铜棒并850℃恒温热处理,制备出具有较强立方织构的Cu基带。以硝酸银、亚硫酸钠和硫代硫酸钠为主要原料配制镀银液,在立方织构Cu基带上制备出具有较强Ag(200)择优取向的银镀层。在600℃恒温热处理30min后Ag膜仍具有(200)择优取向,而830℃热处理后,Ag会扩散到Cu基底中,重复镀银、热处理5次后,Ag膜具有(200)的择优取向并少量面内织构,所得Ag/立方织构Cu复合带材可作为第二代高温超导带材YBCO涂层导体的金属基底。     

Preparation of surface-silvered graphene-CNTs/polyimide hybrid films: Processing,morphology and properties

Silver nanoparticles modified graphene-carbon nanotubes/polyimide (Gr-CNTs/PI) films have been prepared by electrochemical reduction of silver nitrate on potassium hydroxide hydroxylated of Gr-CNTs/PI films surface. The as-prepared nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analyzer and semiconductor characterization system. The lower content of Gr-CNTs (≤10 wt. %) doping in PI matrix can improve the conductivity of PI films more clearly than pure CNTs. The conductivity can be regulated by controlling Gr-CNTs content in PI matrix. These silver nanoparticles into Gr-CNTs/PI films presented here can act as deposition seeds which can initiate subsequent electroless silver or copper or electrodeposition other metal.     

粉体化学镀银的研究进展

介绍了化学镀银工艺中粉体表面预处理的方法,综述了近年来金属粉体、无机粉体和高分子粉体化学镀银的研究和应用状况,分别讨论了3种粉体在化学镀银中的镀液稳定性、粉体表面的催化活性、镀银过程中粉体的分散性及镀层的均匀性等问题,并提出了今后粉体镀银工作的发展方向.     

碳纳米管的化学镀Au研究

采用化学镀法首次在碳纳米管表面包覆了贵金属Au,研究了工艺过程对包覆层质量的影响,并利用高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)及纳米束EDS能谱对包覆的碳纳米管进行了表征.所得包覆层完整、均匀、金属颗粒密度高,可望作为高性能准一维纳米导线得到应用.     

Silver-plated carbon nanotubes for silver/conducting polymer composites

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have advantages as conductive fillers due to their large aspect ratio and excellent conductivity. In this study, a novel silver/conducting polymer composite was developed by the incorporation of silver-plated CNTs. It is important to achieve a homogeneous dispersion of nanotubes and to improve the interfacial bonding to utilize the excellent properties of reinforcements in the matrix material. The homogeneous dispersion of nanotubes was achieved by an acid treatment process, and the interfacial contact was improved by electroless silver plating around nanotubes. The resistivity of the silver/conducting polymer composite was decreased by 83% by the addition of silver-plated single-walled carbon nanotubes. Conductive bumps were also screen-printed to demonstrate the capability of the composite as electrical interconnects for multi-layer printed circuit boards.     

二甲基亚砜溶剂中化学镀铋的研究

为了克服传统的电化学沉积铋使镀液不稳定,镀层受析氢影响的缺点,研究了一种新的以二甲亚砜为溶剂的化学镀铋体系,提出了两种可以沉积出银白光亮致密铋镀层的配方.探讨了不同基体上化学沉积铋的情况,结果以在铁片和铜片上沉积效果好,可作为代铬镀层应用.初步用电化学方法探讨了化学镀的机理,即先由铜提供电子,而后铋自催化使镀层增厚.用EDAX分析镀层确认只含铋,用XRD对镀层进行表征,证明了镀层中的铋以金属晶体存在,平均粒径为38 nm.     

微米级铜粉化学镀银及抗氧化性分析

采用化学镀的方法在微米级铜粉表面镀银.用X射线衍射法(XRD)和热重分析法(TG)测定了铜-银粉的物相和抗氧化性,比较了由镀前有无活化的铜粉所制备的两种金属粉体的性能,最后用X射线荧光光谱仪对两种粉体的表面元素和含量进行测定.结果表明镀银能明显提高铜粉抗氧化性,而镀前经活化的铜粉具有更好的活性,银在铜粉表面含量达到93.27%.     

氧化铝陶瓷局部活化及选择性化学镀铜的研究

为解决陶瓷表面局部化学镀存在的问题,研制了一种针对氧化铝陶瓷局部化学镀铜前处理用的活化胶,其由具有活化能力的银盐(或钯盐)和粘稠的复合物有机载体组成.将活化胶印于氧化铝陶瓷表面,经500℃高温烧结形成局部活化层后,可直接置于化学镀液中进行镀铜处理,得到与印刷图形一致的局部镀铜层.利用电化学工作站测定样品在化学镀铜溶液中电位随时间的变化情况,考察不同活化条件对Cu2+还原的催化活性,利用SEM/EDS进行表面形貌及成分分析,确定了活化胶中银盐和钯盐的适宜浓度.结果表明,该两种活化胶应用于氧化铝陶瓷表面化学镀铜的活化工艺,可实现敏化活化的一步化,使陶瓷表面局部化学镀工艺流程简化,成本降低,具有较高的实用价值.     

Silver-coated glass fibers prepared by a simple electroless plating technique

Silver-coated glass fibers have been successfully fabricated using a simple electroless silver plating. The structures of the silver/glass fiber composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The morphology investigation showed that the silver coatings were compact and continuous. The minimum volume resistivity could reach 4.53 × 10^?4 Ω cm, suggesting excellent electric conductivity. It was found that the quality of silver deposition was influenced by dosage of ammonia solution and plating temperature. Ammonia solution served as complexing reagent and supplied an alkaline media, and higher temperature easily led to metallic oxidation. The current method is simple-handle, inexpensive, large production, and the obtained silver/glass fibers can be used as fillers to fabricate electromagnetic wave shielding materials.     

Identification of optimal rate-enhanced silver ELP processes for silver–ceramic composite membrane fabrication

This work targets the identification of optimal rate-enhancement technique for the electroless fabrication of silver–ceramic porous membranes. The membranes were fabricated with porous ceramic supports of 4.5?µm and porosity of 19.3% and with alternate electroless plating (ELP) processes including conventional (CEP), sonication (SOEP), and surfactant (SIEP) plating baths. The alternate processes were evaluated based on the process (conversion, plating efficiency (η), average plating rate) and membrane characteristics (percent pore densification (PPD), metal loading index (MLI)), and their combinations (η/(MLI.PPD)). Among alternate processes, SOEP has been evaluated to be the best to yield silver–ceramic membranes.     

铜/碳纳米管复合材料的制备与表征

报道了在多壁碳纳米管(MWNTS)表面修饰聚丙烯酸(分子量为 500~1000)作为亲水层,改善纳米管在水溶液中的溶解性,减少碳管自身团聚,顺利实现碳纳米管表面化学镀铜。同时也考察了温度、时间、搅拌速度等因素对镀层的影响,确定中性条件在碳纳米管表面镀铜的最佳条件。     

碳纳米管的特性及其高性能的复合材料

碳纳米管具有超强的力学性能、极高的纵横比和独特的导电特性,是制备复合材料的理想形式。评述了目前碳纳米管复合材料的制备及其应用研究的动态。用化学镀方法制备的镍基碳纳米管复合镀层比传统的复合镀层具有更高的耐磨性能,结构为非晶态。讨论了复合镀制备金属基碳纳米管复合镀层的优越性及应用。用原位聚合法合成了导电聚苯胺-碳纳米管的复合材料,可以作为电池和电化学超级电容器的电极材料。      

Template synthesis of gold nanotubes in an anodic alumina membrane

Nanotube-containing membranes prepared by the template method show promise for use as highly selective filters for membrane-based chemical and biological separations. Most of the work to date has been done on gold nanotubes prepared by electroless deposition of Au within the pores of polymeric filtration membranes. These polymeric filters have very low porosities (< 1%), and, as a result, the flux through Au nanotube membranes based on these templates is very low. In contrast, the other popular template membranes-anodic aluminas-have high porosities-30% to 50%. In spite of this potential advantage of anodic alumina templates, there have been no reports of electrolessly plated Au nanotubes within the pores of these templates. This is because the electroless plating method used to deposit Au nanotubes in polymeric templates does not work in aluminas. We have developed a modified electroless plating strategy that can be used to deposit high-quality Au nanotubes within the pores of the alumina templates. We describe this new plating method here.     

施镀时间和浓度对碳纳米管镀Ni层厚度的影响

为降低碳纳米管的表面活化能, 改善碳纳米管与金属基体的相容性, 采用化学镀的方法, 在碳纳米管表面镀覆一层金属Ni。研究了施镀时间和镀液浓度对碳纳米管表面镀Ni层厚度的影响。结果表明: 随着施镀时间延长, Ni沉积颗粒变大导致镀Ni层变厚; 镀液浓度增加, 碳纳米管表面沉积的Ni颗粒增多, 镀Ni层逐渐致密。本实验工艺条件下, 镀液浓度为0.08 mol/L, 反应时间为30 min时, 可以在碳纳米管表面镀覆一层界面结合良好且致密的Ni层, 其厚度约为10 nm。热处理能有效缓解镀Ni层应力, 改善界面结合。     

碳纳米管的化学镀镍研究

利用化学镀方法在纳米级碳管表面化学镀镍,得到新一类一维纳米复合材料,研究了工艺条件对碳纳米管化学镀镍的影响,并指出了要得到较好镀层的主要因素。     

Fast patterning of poly(methyl methacrylate) by a novel soft molding approach and its application to the fabrication of silver structures

A novel single-step approach for the fabrication of poly(methyl methacrylate) structures by soft molding of a 5 wt% solution in acetone is reported. The use of a low weight solution and of a solvent with high volatility ensures a very fast patterning, down to 10 s. In addition, the process is extremely simple and cost-effective, since just one elastomeric mold is needed, and areas as large as 1 cm² were patterned uniformly and defect-free. The process was applied to the fabrication of silver structures by silver deposition via electroless plating or evaporation followed by poly(methyl methacrylate) removal. Structures of various shapes and sizes, with dimensions in the micrometer and submicrometer range were successfully fabricated, showing the versatility of the process. This silver patterning process is particularly well suited for applications in microelectronics and optoelectronics, such as the fabrication of transparent electrodes for solar cells and displays, manufacturing of metal etching masks and wiring of printed circuits.     

化学镀制备功能梯度材料的实验研究

提出采用低温化学镀工艺方法制备陶瓷/金属功能梯度材料的设想, 利用自制的化学镀装置对制备SiC/Ni-P FGM 进行了实验研究。结果表明, 通过优化化学镀工艺, 调整施镀时间和SiC 微粒的添加速度及添加量等参数, 可以合适地控制材料镀层的厚度和成分梯度分布。功能梯度材料的微观结构和力学性能等都与材料成分梯度分布之间有很好的对应关系。     

镍磷-纳米碳管复合镀层的力学性能

采用化学复合镀的方法, 在铜箔基体上进行Ni-P-纳米碳管复合镀。用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度计、万能拉伸试验机等实验手段研究复合镀试样的组织和性能。结果表明: 随着镀液中纳米碳管含量的增加, 复合镀层表面的粒度变小, 硬度增加; 最大延伸率、断面收缩率和拉伸断口侧面的裂纹密度增加, 但抗拉强度、断裂强度和弹性模量降低。      

Electroless silver plating of oxide particles in aqueous solution

It has been demonstrated that silver could be plated on colloidal oxides by reducing silver salts in the presence of colloidal oxides in aqueous solution. In this electroless plating manner, silver coatings have been applied to colloidal silica, tin oxide and to these colloids which have previously been coated with a few monolayers of tin silicate. Data from this study have demonstrated the technical feasibility of electroless plating for the preparation of silver-tin oxide composites as a source of this material for electrical contact materials.