海洋链霉菌M518产的新星形孢菌素衍生物的生物活性

从海洋放线菌M518中分离到1个新结构化合物N-甲酰胺基-星形孢菌素(N-carboxamido-staurosporine) (1c),以及两个同类型已知化合物星形孢菌素(staurosporine)(1a)和N-甲酰基-星形孢菌素(N-formyl-staurosporine)(1b).为了解新化合物的生物活性,对37株人类肿瘤细胞和9种受试微生物细胞株进行了抑制活性筛选,发现化合物1c具有强烈的抗肿瘤活性,对37株肿瘤细胞的平均抑制浓度IC50,IC70和IC90分别为0.016、0.171和2.352μg·mL-1.其活性强于专利化合物1b.通过测定发现,分离到的三种孢菌素类化合物都具有较好的抗微藻活性.菌株M518经16S rRNA系统进化学分析,属于链霉菌属(Streptomyces sp.).     

中国对虾血细胞单克隆抗体研制及对虾血细胞类型的鉴别

选用聚乙二醇（PEG）作为细胞融合剂,将免疫的Balb/c小鼠的脾细胞与P3－X63－Ag8U1骨髓瘤细胞融合,制备产生抗中国对虾血细胞单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞。运用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和间接免疫荧光抗体技术（IIFA）进行了杂交酶细胞的筛选,最后建立了分泌抗中国对虾血细胞单抗的23株杂交瘤细胞。其中以3A3、3B3和3B6为代表的三组单抗能够鉴别中国对虾对虾的三类血细胞亚群。这为今后进一步研究中国对虾血细胞不同亚群的免疫特性提供了有利手段。     

三聚氰胺人工抗原及多克隆抗体的制备

采用戊二醛法将三聚氰胺(Melamine,MEL)偶联到牛血清白蛋白(BSA)上合成免疫原三聚氰胺-牛血清白蛋白(MEL-BSA).三聚氰胺甲醛树脂法对三聚氰胺衍生化,再偶联到鸡卵清蛋白(OVA)合成包被原三聚氰胺-鸡卵清蛋白(MEL-OVA).对纯化后的合成抗原进行紫外扫描、红外扫描和SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定.免疫新西兰大白兔,检测抗体的生成.结果表明,免疫兔血清的效价达到了1∶20 000,从而为进一步建立三聚氰胺的免疫检测方法奠定了基础.     

基因枪轰击小鹅瘟病毒VP3基因疫苗诱导鹅体内体液免疫的机制

将小鹅瘟病毒VP3基因疫苗(pcDNA-GPV-VP3)分别以每只1μg、3μg和6μg的基因枪轰击免疫30日龄四川白鹅,用免疫组织化学法检测pcDNA-GPV-VP3在鹅体内各组织器官表达情况;用间接ELISA检测免疫鹅血清中GPV抗体滴度.结果:①各剂量免疫组1d时能在免疫部位皮肤,3d时能在心脏/十二指肠/空肠/盲肠/肝脏,7d时在回肠/直肠检测到pcDNA-GPV-VP3的表达;7d表达最多;表达可持续至35～63d;表达产物的数量和表达持续时间总体规律为6μg组＞3μg组＞1μg组.②免疫后第7d血清抗体开始升高,21d达到最大值,免疫后第14～217d极显著(P<0.01)高于PBS和空白质粒对照;体液免疫效果存在一定的剂量依赖.研究表明,pcDNA-GPV-VP3基因枪轰击免疫雏鹅后能在免疫部位皮肤、心肌、肝脏和各肠段中表达并能够诱导雏鹅产生良好的体液免疫.     

小鼠对HIV-2嵌合结构基因重组鸡痘病毒的免疫反应

将HIV-2嵌合结构基因gag-gp105插入到转移载体pUTA2复合启动子ATI-P7.5×20下游,构建出鸡痘病毒重组转移质粒pA-gg;经转染和BrdU加压筛选,以基因组PCR和Western blot法鉴定重组病毒;将获得的重组病毒大量制备并纯化后,肌肉注射免疫BALB/c小鼠,ELISA法检测小鼠血清HIV-2抗体,流式细胞仪测定CD4 、CD8 T淋巴细胞亚类数量,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放法检测脾特异性CTL杀伤活性.结果表明,成功筛选出一株可稳定表达HIV-2嵌合蛋白Gag-gp105的重组鸡痘病毒rFPV-gg;该重组病毒免疫组小鼠的血清出现HIV-2抗体,脾T细胞亚类数量增加,并产生针对HIV-2靶细胞的特异性CTL杀伤活性.本研究提示,HIV-2 gag-gp105重组病毒能诱导小鼠产生特异性细胞和体液免疫应答.     

重金属汞单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

通过双功能螯合剂(异硫氰基.苯甲基-乙二胺四乙酸,ITCBE)使汞离子与载体蛋白(匙孔血蓝蛋白,KLH)偶联,获得了免疫抗原KLH-ITCBE-Hg(Ⅱ).以该抗原免疫BALB/C小鼠,取免疫小鼠的脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞融合,杂交瘤细胞用EIJSA方法筛选及有限稀释法亚克隆化,获得了5株可稳定分泌抗汞单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株(E/H9、E/B2、1/F11、1/H7和B/B11).杂交瘤细胞染色体数目在97-104之间,所分泌的抗体均为IgM、k型,其中杂交瘤细胞株E/H9、1/F11和B/B11细胞培养上清液效价分别达1:640、1:320、1:160,腹水效价分别达1:6400、1:3200、1:6400.B/B11的亲和常数为2.981×108L/mol,特异性试验表明:B/B11与其它金属离子的交叉反应率均小于2%,具有较高的特异性.高亲合力和高特异性的抗汞单克隆抗体在该研究中的成功制备,为建立农产品和环境中重金属汞的快速免疫检测方法奠定了基础.     

柱前衍生-高效液相色谱荧光法测定人血浆中乙酰半胱氨酸及其生物等效性研究

建立一种快速、准确测定人血浆中乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)含量的柱前衍生-高效液相色谱荧光法,并使用该方法对NAC不同剂型间的人体生物等效性进行研究。以NAC与N-(1-芘)马来酰亚胺(N-(1-Pyrenyl)maleimide,NPM)进行衍生化反应后进样测定;采用Diamonsil C18色谱柱(5μm×150 mm×4.6 mm)分离,流动相组成为:乙腈-10mmol·L-1NaH2PO(4含TMA 10mmol·L-1,H3PO4调pH至3.4)为50∶50。采用上述方法测定人血浆中NAC浓度,计算药物动力学参数并进行生物等效性评价。NAC 0.1～6.58μg·mL-1的浓度范围内呈良好线性,血浆中NAC定量下线为0.1μg·mL-1,方法回收率在85.3%-103.3%之间,日内、日间RSD均小于15%。该方法准确、快速、灵敏,可用于NAC的治疗药物监测、人体内药代动力学及生物等效性研究,两种制剂生物等效。     

大菱鲆免疫球蛋白M(IgM)单克隆抗体的制备与特性鉴定

应用细胞工程技术研制大菱鲆免疫球蛋白M(immunoglobulin M,IgM)的单克隆抗体并分析其免疫学特性。小鼠骨髓瘤细胞NS0与经IgM免疫的BALB/C小鼠脾细胞融合,经过反复有限稀释法克隆,筛选获得4株抗大菱鲆IgM的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,分别为B1D1、D5C2、E1B2和F4A1。经小鼠腹水扩大生产后,单抗效价为1∶1.024×106检测灵敏度为32 ng/mL。Western blot分析表明,获得的单抗与IgM重链区特异性结合。交叉结果显示,单抗与大菱鲆血清呈强阳性反应,与褐牙鲆、红鳍东方鲀、许氏平鲉、六线鱼、鲈鱼均呈微弱阳性反应,而与半滑舌鳎、鲤鱼、鲫鱼、草鱼、鳙鱼的血清无交叉反应。本研究制备的大菱鲆IgM单克隆抗体效价高、灵敏度高、特异性强,适合用于大菱鲆免疫学相关研究和生产实际应用。     

气相色谱法测定氟西汀残留有机溶剂含量

目的:建立氟西汀中乙醇、乙醚、正己烷、乙酸乙酯和甲苯残留量的测定方法。方法:采用DB-624毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.53mm,3.0μm),用二甲基亚砜作为溶剂,载气为氮气(0.03MPa),氢火焰离子化检测器(FID),检测器温度240℃;柱温为程序升温;进样口温度150℃;分流比:1:20;进样量1μL。结果:乙醇、乙醚、正己烷、乙酸乙酯和甲苯的线性范围分别为37.89～947.16μg.mL-1(r=0.9999)、39.96～998.90μg.mL-1(r=0.9999)、1.32～32.97μg.mL-1(r=0.9999)、36.02～900.50μg.mL-(1r=0.9996)、6.93～173.20μg.mL-(1r=0.9999),平均回收率(n=9)分别为99.7%、98.5%、100.2%、97.9%和98.6%。结论:该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,结果准确,是测定氟西汀原料中有机残留溶剂的可靠方法。     

采用抗体内二硫键制备抗体药物偶联物研究进展

抗体药物偶联物(antibodydrugconjugate;ADC)近年来成为抗肿瘤抗体药物研发的新热点。ADC通常由抗体、接头(linker)和药物3部分组成。制备抗体-药物偶联物有很多方法,采用抗体上有限的几个链间二硫键与带有马来酰亚胺接头的药物连接,这样的偶联物可以直接由两个简单的步骤来完成:抗体链间二硫键的还原和与带有接头的药物进行偶联。制备偶联药物过程中的抗体还原程度的检测以及药物载量测定方法成为研究的热点。     

气相色谱法测定茶汤中的有机磷、有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药

本文建立了乌龙茶茶汤中的有机磷、有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药的提取、净化和气相色谱检测的方法。试样茶汤用乙酸乙酯萃取,其中有机氯和菊酯类农药采用LC-FlorisilSPE小柱净化,采用GC-FPD和GC-ECD检测。该方法对敌敌畏、甲胺磷、乐果、久效磷、马拉硫磷、毒死蜱、水胺硫磷、三唑磷8种有机磷农药的回收率在63.1%～92.0%,变异系数在2.5%～9.8%之间;对六六六、硫丹、DDT、甲氰菊酯、功夫菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯8种有机氯、菊酯类农药的回收率在72.7%～105.2%,变异系数在1.5%～12.7%之间。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法(SPE-HPLC)测定环境水体中拟除虫菊酯农药残留

本文采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法(SPE-HPLC)测定环境水体中七种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留,方法简单、快速、灵敏度高,检测限和回收率令人满意,可应用于环境水体中痕量农药残留的检测。     

气相色谱分析法检测茶叶中联苯菊酯、溴氰菊酯和毒死蜱

本文采用μECD检测器同时检测联苯菊酯、溴氰菊酯和毒死蜱这三种拟除虫菊酯和有机磷农药残留。该方法简单、快速、准确,灵敏度高,能满足无公害食品和绿色食品茶叶标准的要求。对这三种农药残留的检测,该方法检测限为0.001～0.004mg/kg,相对标准偏差为2.4%～5.1%,方法回收率为73.5%～96.5%。     

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for glycyrrhizin using anti-glycyrrhizin monoclonal antibody and an eastern blotting technique for glucuronides of glycyrrhetic acid.

Hybridomas secreting a monoclonal antibody against glycyrrhizin were produced by fusing splenocytes from a mouse immunized against a glycyrrhizin-bovine serum albumin conjugate with the hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine-sensitive mouse myeloma cell line, P3-X63-Ag8-653. A very weak cross-reaction with glycyrrhetinic acid monoglucuronide and glycyrrhetic acid occurred. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that had an effective measuring range of 20 -200 ng/mL of glycyrrhizin was established using this monoclonal antibody. In addition, a method named eastern blotting for the detection of glycyrrhizin was investigated. In this method, we developed a new way to separate the glycyrrhizin molecule into two functional parts using a simple and well-known chemical reaction. The sugar parts were oxidized by sodium periodate to give dialdehydes, which reacted with amino groups on the protein and covalently bound to the adsorbent membrane. The monoclonal antibody bound to the aglycone part of the glycyrrhizin molecule for immunostaining. This method was validated by immunocytolocalization of glycyrrhizin in fresh Glycyrrhiza root.     

Absolute quantification of monoclonal antibodies in biofluids by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

The development of a quantification method for monoclonal antibodies in serum has been accomplished by high-performance liquid chromatography multiple reactions monitoring mass spectrometry. A human monoclonal antibody (HmAb) was used as the model protein for method development and validation. A peptide from the CDR3-region of its heavy chain was selected and used for quantifying the entire mAb. This signature peptide served as a template for the internal standard. Prior to mass spectrometric analysis approximately 50% of the total serum protein content was removed by albumin depletion. The accuracy of the method ranged between 99 and 112% in cynomolgus monkey serum. The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was lower than 4% at 4 microg/mL and 200 microg/mL HmAb (n = 3). The CV at 400 microg/mL corresponded to 9% (n = 3). In addition, the interassay variation was investigated in a male cynomolgus serum pool and in a female cynomolgus serum pool. The CV for the male cynomolgus pool at 4 microg/mL HmAb was 7% (n = 3). The CV obtained from the female pool was 8% (n = 3), at 4 microg/mL. The dynamic range of the method was 3 orders of magnitude. After albumin depletion of 25 microL of serum, a lowest limit of quantification of 2 microg/mL HmAb was reached in both human and cynomolgus monkey samples.     

Neurolemma-Injected Xenopus Oocytes: An Innovative Ex Vivo Approach to Study the Effects of Pyrethroids on Ion Channels in Their Native State

Microtransplantation of rat brain neurolemma into the plasma membrane of Xenopus laevis oocytes is an ex vivo method used to study channels and receptors in their native state using standard electrophysiological approaches. In this review, we show that oocytes injected with adult rat brain neurolemma elicited tetrodotoxin-sensitive inward ion currents upon membrane depolarization, which were increased in a concentration-dependent manner by treatment with the pyrethroid insecticides permethrin and deltamethrin. Under our initial protocols, oocyte health was reduced over time and neurolemma incorporation varied between batches of oocytes from different frogs, limiting the usefulness of the assay for regulatory issues. A collection of changes to the assay procedure, data acceptance criteria, and analysis method yield substantially improved precision and, hence, assay performance. These changes established this ex vivo approach as a toxicologically relevant assay to study the toxicodynamic action of pyrethroids on ion channels in their native state using neurolemma fragments prepared from juvenile and adult rat brains.     

大田软海绵酸荧光偏振免疫分析方法研究

设计使用荧光试剂PDAM与大田软海绵酸单(OA)反应合成了荧光标记物,并在OA单克隆抗体的基础上建立TOA荧光偏振免疫(FPIA)检测方法.该FPIA方法检测限为4.6 ng/mL,检测范围为7.0-88.7 ng/mL.IC(50)为24.9 ng/mL.本方法操作简单、稳定,有望应用于高通量筛查牡蛎样品中OA含量.     

原位聚合法制备农药微胶囊剂的研究

使用原位聚合法制备拟除虫菊酯微胶囊.研究了微胶囊特性的测量方法及改变部分实验条件对微胶囊特性的影响,由此确定了制备农药微胶囊的最佳实验条件.     

Enhancement of the sensitivity of a capillary electrophoresis immunoassay for estradiol with laser-induced fluorescence based on a fluorescein-labeled secondary antibody

A competitive immunoassay for estradiol (E2) based on capillary electrophoresis was established. This method was based on the competitive reaction of complete antigen and E2 with a limited amount of monoclonal antibody, with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled secondary antibody as a fluorescence probe. The addition of the thermally reversible hydrogel, poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPA) in the buffer as a replaceable packing material improved reproducibility and resolution of the method. This capillary electrophoresis immunoassay with laser-induced fluorescence can be applied to determine E2 with good precision at concentrations as low as 9 pg/mL. Details of typical separations of immunological complex and free reactants are presented.     

双酚A二环氧甘油醚的免疫检测方法研究

目的快速检测湖水中的双酚A二环氧甘油醚。方法试验设计一种新型双酚A二环氧甘油醚半抗原,并成功与载体蛋白偶联,经过小鼠免疫、细胞融合技术和三次亚克隆等方法,成功筛选出了可以稳定分泌BADGE单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。结果成功制备了高灵敏度高特异性的双酚A二环氧甘油醚单克隆抗体,可以用于针对双酚A二环氧甘油醚的间接竞争酶联免疫吸附测定(icELISA)。基于单克隆抗体,绘制了标准曲线,结果显示,单克隆抗体的IC50=1.15 ng/mL,检测线性范围IC20～IC80为0.16～8.15 ng/mL。通过加标回收实验,BADGE在湖水的添加回收率均在80%～120%之间。结论双酚A二环氧甘油醚单克隆抗体在实际湖水样品检测中的运用具有可行性。