0~89°的金属二次电子发射系数的通式

根据二次电子发射的物理特性和过程,以θ角射入原子序数为Z的金属的每个原电子发射的二次电子数(δPEθZ)、原电子的入射能量(Wp0)、cosθ和参数Y(θ,Z)之间的关系被推导出来了。根究实验结果,得出Wp0为2~10keV的比率βθ、Wp0和cosθ之间的关系式。根据二次电子发射系数δθ和二次电子发射系数δ0之间的关系,Wp0为2~10keV的δθ、δ0、背散射系数η0、背散射系数ηθ、参数Y(θ,Z)、Wp0和cosθ之间的关系式(r)被推导出。根据r、实验结果、ηθ和η0的表达式,得出参数Y(θ,Z)、Z和θ之间的关系式。以δ0、η0、ηθ、cosθ的[1.08-0.59(θ/90)12](20/Z)0.07407次方、Wp0和cosθ为变量的Wp0为2~10keVδθ的通式被推导出。用该通式计算出来的二次电子发射系数与实验的铝、镍、铅和铍二次电子发射系数分别进行了比较。结果表明:推导的二次电子发射系数的通式可以用来估算Wp0为2~10keV和θ为0~89°的二次电子发射系数。     

风险度量ES的非参数估计

期望损失(Expected Shortfall,ES)是当今最流行的金融资产风险度量的工具之一,是一个理想的一致性风险度量.本文在α-混合序列具有幂衰减混合系数的条件下,讨论了风险度量ES的样本估计量的性质,得到估计量的Bahadur表示以及渐近正态性.     

关于修正型的Hermite插值过程的平方收敛

1. 设U_n(X)=sinNθ/sinθ(X=cosθ,0≤θ≤π,N=n+1)是第二类chebyshev多项式。以R(x)=(1-x~2)U_n(x)的零点X_k(X_k=cosθ_k=cos(Kπ/N),K=0,1,…,N)为插值节点的Hermite插值过程是     

Al-Cu合金析出相在等径角挤压中的演变

为了研究Al-Cu合金中两种不同析出相(θ′和θ相)在ECAP变形过程中的变化.采用透射电镜(TEM)和硬度测试方法研究了析出相形貌变化以及对合金性能的影响.结果表明:在本实验中,θ′和θ相其破碎、回溶速度明显不同,两者的破碎方式也不同.θ′相先是与基体失去取向关系,随后从其内部产生位错使其破碎,而θ相是被外部基体位错所切割、破碎.θ′相与位错的相互作用方式类似于绕过机制,θ相与位错的作用方式类似于切割机制.两种状态样品的硬度在变形过程中的变化趋势相同,但在第1道次后θ相状态样品的硬度增加值高于θ′相状态.     

在较弱的矩条件下最近邻预测问题中条件风险估计量的收敛速度

设(X,θ)是随机向量,X∈R~d、θ∈R~1;(X_1,θ_i)是(X,θ)的i·i·d·随机样本,i=1,…,n;L_n是平方损失下最近邻(NN)预测的条件风险。设是L_n的估计量,其中θ_(nj)是按训练样本(X_1,θ_1),…,(X_(j-1),θ_(1-1)),(X_(1+1),θ_(1+1))…(X_n,θ_n)与观察到的X_j对θ_j所作的NN预测。周知,, a·s·其中R~*是Bayes风险。本文在较弱的矩条件Eθ~2(log~+|θ|)~δ<∞(δ>0)下,得到了收敛到2R~*的速度。     

具有次线性中立项的二阶Emden-Fowler时滞微分方程的振动性EI北大核心CSCD

研究含有次线性中立项的二阶Emden-Fowler时滞微分方程(r(t)([x(t)+p(t)xθ(τ(t))]′)α)′+q(t)xβ(σ(t))=0解的振动性,其中α,β,θ均为正奇数之商,0<θ≤1,β≥α。利用Riccati变换,积分平均和不等式技巧,建立了方程的三个新的振动准则。所得结果将经典的Leighton[1]和Kneser[2]振动准则推广到含有次线性中立项的超线性Emden-Fowler时滞微分方程。而且,新的结果不仅推广和改进了最近文献中出现的关于该方程当0<θ<1时的振动准则,同时也改进,推广和简化了方程当θ=1或者p(t)=0时的振动准则,所得准则的有效性通过若干例子给出了说明。     

测量不确定度评定中的相关性

１ 什么是相关性？相关（ｃｏｒｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎ）指两个或多个随机变量分布内 ,各随机变量间的关系。相关是统计学中最重要的概念之一。从数学上来讲 ,相关是根据线性相关系数 ρ或其估计值ｒ来考虑的。ＪＪＦ１０５９—１９９９《测量不确定度评定与表示》２ ２２节对相关系数给出了以下定义 :相关系数是两个变量之间相互依赖性的度量 ,它等于两个变量间的协方差除以各自方差之积的正平方根 ,因此 :ρ（ｙ,ｚ）＝ρ（ｚ,ｙ）＝其估计值 :ｒ（ｙ，ｚ）＝式中ｖ为协方差 ,σ为总体标准偏差 ,ｓ为实验标准偏差 ,ｓ（ｙ,ｚ）为ｖ的估计值 ,称…     

具有较低最低不结冰温度的结冰基体的选择

选择具有较低最低不结冰温度(possible lowest unfrozen temperature,θPLU)的结冰基体对于提高过冷水动态制冰系统的制冰率和能量效率以及防止热泵蒸发器结霜具有重要意义.本文从异质形核理论和估算两相间界面能的Good-Girifalco极性理论出发,研究了具有较低θPLU的结冰基体的性质,提出了选择方法.选择了几种具有较低θPLU的结冰基体,测量了其θPLU值.所选择结冰基体的θPLU值比通常使用的不锈钢表面低3℃以上.     

具有Bemoulli反馈的负顾客M/G/1休假排队系统

本文研究具有Bernoulli反馈和负顾客到达的多重休假M/G/1排队系统,负顾客抵消队首的正顾客,完成服务的正顾客以概率θ(0<θ≤1)离开系统,以概率1-θ反馈到队尾寻求再次服务.利用补充变量法求得了稳态队长分布的概率母函数的表达式.     

碳电极材料石墨化度和无序度的X射线衍射测定

介绍了测定碳电极材料石墨化度g和无序度P的X射线衍射(XRD)原理与方法,包括从二维(1 0)和(1 1)衍射的Fourier分析、全谱拟合法以及利用石墨化度g与d002之间的关系曲线的方法.提出由θ002求g的方法和新公式.进行了石墨化度与无序度测定的实验研究,包括不同实验条件对全谱拟合结果的影响、不同求解d002的影响,以及d002法、θ002法与全谱拟合法的比较.结果表明,全谱拟合法求得的无序度Pwsf在用d002法的直线和曲线测得的结果之间,d002法和θ002法测得的g符合很好.提出全谱拟合法和用Si粉作内标样的d002及θ002法的衍射实验测定最佳方案.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.