以三氧六环交联剂的COPNA树脂的合成与性能研究

以三氧六环为交联剂，萘、萘酚、蒽及其混合物为单体，可在对甲苯磺酸或三氯乙酸论下，在８０－１６０℃下反应得到未交联的缩合多核芳香烃树脂。对聚合反庆机理作了一定的研究，并提出了聚合机理，以萘酚或萘为单体的树脂的交联较为困难，而在萘中加入蒽，不但可大大提高反应速率，也可使所得树脂的交联变得容易。交联后树脂在氮气中的热降解起始温度在４００℃左右。     

以萘及萘酚为单体苯甲醛为交联剂的COPNA树脂的研究

以萘、α－萘酚为单体，苯甲醛为交联剂，可在酸催化下合成得到未交联的缩合多核芳香烃树脂。其中以萘为单体时，反应需在浓硫酸催化在１６０℃以上的温度下进行；而以α－萘酚为单体时，反应可在浓硫酸、对甲苯磺酸或三氯乙酸催化下在１２０℃左右进行，所得未交联ＣＯＰＮＡ树脂均具备很好的流动性，而交联后的树脂均具很高的耐耐热性，以为单体的树脂在氨气中的热降解起始温度可达５１０℃，以α－酚为单体的树脂也可达到４６０℃     

以萘为单体、三聚甲醛为交联剂的缩合多核芳香烃树脂的合成、交联及性能研究

以萘为单体、三聚甲醛为交联剂，可在对甲苯磺酸、浓硫酸或氯磺酸的催化下，在１５０～１６０℃下反应得到未交联的缩合多核芳香烃树脂（Ｂ－树脂）。这种Ｂ－树脂不能单靠热交联的方式转化为Ｃ－树脂，但如果在交联时添加２０％～３０％（质量）的交联剂，则Ｂ－树脂即可有效地进行交联，交联后树脂在氮气中的热降解起始温度在５００℃左右。     

以萘为单体,三聚甲醛为交联剂的缩合多核芳香烃树脂的合成,交…EI

以萘为单体、三聚甲醛为交联剂，可在对甲苯磺酸、浓硫酸或氯磺的催化下在１５０－１６０℃下反应和到未交联的缩合多核芳香烃树脂（Ｂ－树脂）、这种Ｂ－树脂不能单靠热交联的方式转化为Ｃ－树脂，但如果在交联时添加２０－３０％（质量）的的交联剂，则Ｂ－树脂即可有效地进行交联，交联后树脂氮气中的热降解起始温度在５００℃左右。     

萘酚修饰超高交联吸附树脂的制备及吸附动力学

明胶为分散剂,液蜡为致孔剂,交联反应中溴乙烷代替有毒氯甲醚,以β-萘酚参与Friedel-Crafts后交联反应,成功制备了酚羟基修饰的超高交联吸附树脂LM-6。树脂物理性能研究表明,LM-6具有比苯酚修饰超高交联树脂更大的比表面积和酚羟基含量;扫描电镜(SEM)表明,β-萘酚修饰的超高交联吸附树脂具有纳米吸附高分子材料特征;动力学分析表明,树脂对β-萘酚吸附界面层厚于萘,树脂和β-萘酚分子间具有更大的吸附力;拟合曲线均不经过原点说明LM-6对β-萘酚和萘的吸附由颗粒内扩散和颗粒外膜扩散共同控制。     

高吸油性树脂的合成及性能研究

采用悬浮聚合法合成了低交联度的聚甲基丙烯酸酯高吸油性树脂，研究了交联剂用量、单体配比、反应温度和时间等对树脂性能和反应的影响，确定了合适的聚合工艺条件。     

以沥青为单体的缩合多核芳香烃树脂的合成及性能研究

以沥青为单体,三聚甲醛及苯甲醛为交联剂,在浓硫酸催化下合成了缩合多核芳香烃树脂,并对其交联、交联后树脂的热性能作了初步的研究。研究表明,由于沥青中不参加反应的“惰性”组分的存在,使得树脂的交联变得困难,交联后树脂的交联程度较低,从而导致交联后树脂的热稳定性较差,在氮敢中的热降解起始温度仅在４２０℃左右。     

SA-g-P(AA-co-AM)/KL复合高吸水性树脂的制备及吸液性能研究

采用N,N.-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作交联剂,过硫酸钾作引发剂,通过水溶液聚合法制得了海藻酸钠接枝-共聚(丙烯酸-co-丙烯酰胺)/高岭土(SA-g-P(AA-co-AM)/KL)复合高吸水性树脂。加入高岭土粉体的复合型高吸水性树脂用溶液法聚合,产物不易粘壁,后处理方面优于纯的交联聚丙烯酸盐树脂。在中和度为70%的条件下,研究了单体质量比、高岭土的添加量、引发剂用量、交联剂用量以及反应温度等对吸水率的影响。得到的最佳反应条件为:单体质量比、高岭土、引发剂量、交联剂量和温度分别为2:3、15%、1.62%、0.13%和64℃。制得的高吸水性树脂在室温下30min吸去离子水和0.9%Na Cl分别约为其自身质量的350倍和50倍。     

丙烯酸酯类吸油树脂的合成

以丙烯酸酯为单体，二乙烯基苯为交联剂，采用悬浮聚合法合成低交联度的聚丙烯酸酯类吸油树脂。讨论了单体结构、引发剂用量、交联剂用量对吸油树脂性能的影响。     

壳聚糖接枝聚丙烯酸高吸水性树脂的合成工艺

在水溶性引发剂过硫酸铵的引发下,使丙烯酸在壳聚糖的分子链上接技聚合,并加入N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺进行一定程度的交联,制得高吸水性树脂．采用FT—IR和SEM对所合成的高吸水性树脂进行了结构表征。研究了反应条件对所制得的高吸水树脂吸水性能的影响．结果表明,使树脂具有最高吸水性能的最优化反应条件为：m（AA）／m（CTS）=10,引发剂和交联荆与单体的质量比分别为3．3％和0．16％,反应温度65℃,反应时间5．5h．在此条件下合成的树脂最大吸水倍率可这1180g／g,吸盐水倍率可达120g／g。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.