复合涂层对铝合金铸件表面硬度影响的研究

采用铸渗技术和旋转磁场在铝合金铸件表面涂渗Al2O3、Al2O3 Cr、Al2O3 WC、Al2O3 Ni、Al2O3 碳纤维、Al2O3 石墨涂层,以改进铝合金铸件的表面性能.试验结果表明,铸件表面硬度随涂层中Cr和WC加入量的增加而增加;涂层中碳纤维加入量为20%时,铸件表面硬度达到最大值;涂层中添加石墨和镍不能提高铝合金铸件的表面硬度,但镍可以改善铸件表面质量.铸件表面硬度随浇注温度和磁场搅拌电压的增加而增加,最佳浇注温度和搅拌电压分别为850 ℃和50 V.     

消失模铸渗复合层的组织和干滑动磨损性能研究

采用消失模铸渗技术浇注试样,利用扫描电镜及显微硬度仪分析研究了渗层的组织和硬度分布,在MM200磨损试验机上研究了铸渗复合层的磨损性能.研究结果表明:钨、铬碳化物以鱼骨状、菊花状和板条状交织分布在基体中,渗层硬度从表面到内部呈先升后降的趋势,且在距表面渗层2 mm处硬度达到最大值;铸渗复合层的抗磨损能力比普通ZG50提高3～5倍.     

用快干涂料铸渗法制备金属基表面复合材料工艺

分析了用快干涂料铸渗法制备金属基表面复合材料中各工艺因素对复合层质量的影响,并由此确定了最佳工艺参数,可为生产和研究提供参考依据.研究表明,浇注温度是影响复合层质量的主要因素,在1450℃～1500℃范围内均能获得优良的表面复合层;表面复合材料的硬度在HRC60以上,是普通耐磨铸铁硬度的1.4～1.6倍.     

工艺因素对表面复合铸渗层质量的影响

采用传统铸渗工艺研究了工艺因素对表面复合铸渗层质量的影响,结果表明:适当的浇注温度有利于形成高质量的表面复合铸渗层,小型铸钢件的适宜浇注温度为1 650℃;要形成与基体结合良好的复合铸渗层,需有合适的涂层厚度,试验条件下,涂层厚度为5 mm时的复合铸渗层质量较好;涂层位于铸型侧面较位于铸型底部易于形成高质量的表面复合铸渗层。     

铸钢件表面铸渗结晶硅复合层的探讨

研究了不同铸渗工艺对铸钢件表面铸渗硅复合层厚度和质量的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)及显微硬度仪等分析手段,阐述了该铸钢件表面铸渗硅复合层的微观成分、组织及性能特点。结果表明,钢水的浇注温度为1580℃左右时,铸钢件表面可以得到厚度为0.6～2.8mm并且表面质量较好的铸渗硅复合层。另外渗硅层与母材铸钢的界面为机械结合状态。     

铸钢件表面铸渗结晶硅复合层的探讨

研究了不同铸渗工艺对铸钢件表面铸渗硅复合层厚度和质量的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线能谱（EDS）及显微硬度仪等分析手段，阐述了该铸钢件表面铸渗硅复合层的微观成分、组织及性能特点。结果表明，钢水的浇注温度为1580℃左右时，铸钢件表面可以得到厚度为0.6-2．8mm并且表面质量较好的铸渗硅复合层。另外渗硅层与母材铸钢的界面为机械结合状态。     

消失模铸渗成形工艺研究及应用

利用正交实验研究了消失模铸渗工艺中增强体粒度、溶剂加入量、粘结剂加入量和浇注位置等因素对铸渗工艺的影响,得出了配比方案.在车钩零件局部表面制备了钨铬复合层,分析了渗层的组织和性能.结果表明渗层与基体过渡明显,形成了良好的冶金结合,且渗层中含大量硬度高的抗磨骨架-钨和铬的碳化物,这些碳化物提高了复合材料的耐磨性能.     

WC/高铬铸铁渗层组织的研究

介绍了铸渗工艺的发展及机理,分析了铸渗外层组织、中层组织、内层组织的形成原因,指出:(1)铸渗层组织由表层的合金烧结层、内层的钎焊层、界面的熔合层三个区域构成;(2)浇注温度对复合层的质量有显著的影响,当浇注温度在1 540～1 580℃、增强颗粒的粒度在60～80目之间时,复合层的综合质量较为理想;(3)由于铸渗层存在(Fe,Cr)7C3、Cr7C3、WC等组织,耐磨性能大大提高;(4)从复合层到基体显微硬度呈梯度分布,显微硬度值先升高后降低,硬度的梯度分布使复合层的强度与基材的韧性得到充分的利用。     

消失模铸渗制备铁基表面复合材料的研究现状

介绍了采用消失模铸渗技术制备铁基表面复合材料的研究现状,列举出影响铸渗效果的几项关键因素,对增强体颗粒的选择、涂料添加剂的选择以及浇注温度的确定进行了分析总结,并指出影响铸渗质量的重要因素是表面复合层与基体的结合界面强弱。对消失模铸渗法制备表面复合材料的研究前景进行了展望。     

铸钢件表面铸渗硅复合层的研究

研究了不同铸渗工艺对铸钢件表面铸渗硅复合层厚度和质量的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)及显微硬度仪等分析手段,阐述了该铸钢件表面铸渗硅复合层的微观成分、组织及性能特点。结果表明,钢水的浇注温度为1560℃左右时,铸钢件表面可以得到厚度为0·5~3·3mm且表面质量较好的复合层。另外渗硅层与母材铸钢的界面为结合牢固的锯齿型冶金结合状态。     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

胫骨生物陶瓷复合材料的微结构增韧机理

扫描电镜观察显示胫骨是一种由羟基磷灰石和胶原蛋白组成的自然生物陶瓷复合材料.羟基磷灰石具有层状的微结构并且平行于骨的表面排列.观察也显示这些羟基磷灰石层又是由许多羟基磷灰石片所组成,这些羟基磷灰石片具有长而薄的形状,也以平行的方式整齐排列.基于在胫骨中观察到的羟基磷灰石片的微结构特征,通过微结构模型分析及实验,研究了羟基磷灰石片平行排列微结构的最大拔出能.结果表明,羟基磷灰石片长而薄的形状以及平行排列方式增加了其最大拔出能,进而提高了骨的断裂韧性.     

Mechanism of Nucleation of Precipitates of Carbides of Refractory Metals Under Hot Rolling of Automotive Sheet Steel

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - The problem of formation of properties in microalloyed sheet steels is considered. The cause and the possible mechanism of precipitation of carbides of refractory...     

燃煤机组锅炉烟气脱硝灰中氨含量测定

NOx是大气环境的主要污染物之一,其主要来源为火力发电机组。依靠低氮燃烧技术,远达不到排放要求。选择性催化还原脱硝(简称SCR)技术是目前效率最高、最成熟、应用最广泛的电厂烟气脱硝技术。目前,在线氨逃逸监测技术存在诸多问题,影响了氨逃逸监测数据的准确度和稳定性。在燃料种类、炉膛结构、受热面布置、过量空气量、炉膛气流分布以及脱硝催化剂类型等条件确定的情况下,控制好氨加入量及其逃逸量是保证NOx脱除率的关键所在。燃煤锅炉除尘飞灰氨含量可侧面反映脱硝氨逃逸率的状况。根据国外的文献报道,正常情况下,电除尘灰中氨含量一般在50mg/kg-100mg/kg范围内。由于国内尚无灰中氨含量的测定方法,亦无脱硝运行对飞灰含氨量影响的数据积累。本文通过大量试验,确定了灰中氨溶解条件(如溶解时间、搅拌状态、灰水比、灰样量及其稳定性等),制定了灰中氨含量测定方法。     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.