345 MPa级耐候钢切割分层及冷弯开裂原因分析

345 MPa级耐候钢在冷加工过程中出现切割分层以及冷弯开裂两种缺陷。利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪对以上缺陷进行了观察、检测与分析。结果表明,切割分层缺陷与钢材基体中的Mn S夹杂有关。带状Mn S夹杂硬度高,脆性大,在切割变形过程中与基体组织变形不协调导致分层。冷弯开裂缺陷与钢材基体中的P偏析有关。P含量较高的偏析带组织异常粗大,塑性低。在冷弯变形过程中,偏析带内的夹杂物周围、偏析带与基体结合处易滋生裂纹。随着变形量的加大以及裂纹扩展,偏析带和钢板外侧基体断裂,形成冷弯开裂缺陷。     

P20与718模具钢板加工开裂原因分析

针对某厂合金塑料模具钢P20、718钢板在锯切过程中出现开裂现象,通过从裂纹形貌、裂纹处解剖检查试验等方面,对开裂试样进行研究分析,结果表明,主要是由于钢板中心均存在大量的氮化钛夹杂,在轧制过程中产生微裂纹导致的锯切开裂,并得出了具体解决措施。     

X80管线钢探伤不合原因分析及解决措施

通过取样分析,研究了冶炼、轧制以及轧后控冷工艺对X80管线钢板微观组织及探伤结果不合格的影响。结果表明:中心偏析、裂纹、MnS等夹杂物以及氢均对钢板的探伤结果造成不利影响。     

22SiMn2TiB铲斗主刀板开裂原因分析

通过化学成分分析、硬度分析、光学显微镜非金属夹杂分析及组织分析、扫描电镜断口分析及能谱分析等手段,对某钢厂厚度为32 mm的22SiMn2TiB钢板加工成铲斗主刀板的过程中少量工件垂直于火切边出现开裂甚至断裂的现象进行分析。结果表明：板材心部存在Si、Mn元素成分偏析使得板材心部成为整个工件应力最为集中的区域,在火切过程中心部区域先开裂,工件热处理时经高温氧化,在校直时裂纹进一步扩展是工件形成开裂的最主要因素。     

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 对HP 295拉延月牙开裂缺陷样品进行失效分析,探讨缺陷的形成原因。结果表明：月牙开裂缺陷的形成主要与冲压拉延的应力状态、材料中的沿轧制方向分布较多细长MnS夹杂有关,中心偏析、较明显的带状组织进一步促进了月牙开裂缺陷的形成。     

Q345C钢板探伤不合格原因分析

通过取样分析,研究了冶炼、轧制以及轧后控冷工艺对Q345C钢板微观组织及探伤结果不合格的影响.结果表明:中心偏析、裂纹、轧后水冷、MnS等夹杂物以及氢均对钢板的探伤结果造成不利影响.     

16MnDR复合板开裂原因浅析

文章通过研究试样的低倍、高倍组织及能谱分析结果表明16Mn DR复合板中存在较多硫化物、氮化物夹杂及未能轧合的显微疏松。基体板材存在放射网状细小裂纹,且基体板材内含有较多硫化物及大颗粒铌的碳氮化物夹杂;板材中心偏析加剧了裂纹的扩展大颗粒的铌的碳氮化物在板材受力变形中成为应力集中点造成板材加工开裂。优化造渣工艺提高钢液纯净度,最大程度降低钢液中硫、磷等元素含量,在连铸坯浇筑过程中采取保护性措施,避免钢液二次氧化,优化连铸工艺减少板材心部偏析,可以有效规避16Mn DR复合板加工开裂。     

热轧钢板拉伸断口分层缺陷的检验和分析

厚度为20mm的Q235B热轧钢板,在拉伸试样上出现断口分层缺陷。通过化学成分、力学性能、低倍、金相、扫描电镜及能谱等检验手段,对断口分层缺陷进行了检验和分析。结果表明,钢板中心偏析、夹杂、带状组织是造成钢板拉伸试样断口分层缺陷的主要原因。     

Q500q探伤缺陷的成因与对策

为提高Q500q的探伤合格率,采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对Q500q探伤不合格钢板的金相组织、缺陷区域的化学成分进行了检验分析。结果表明,探伤不合格的Q500q钢板厚度中心区域珠光体带存在微裂纹,原因是钢板存在中心偏析、Mn S以及氧化物等非金属夹杂物。通过采取降低连铸坯中心偏析、对铸坯浇注过程中形成的夹杂物进行球化处理等措施后,Q500q钢板金相组织中微裂纹消失了,钢板探伤合格率也由88%提高到了99%。     

钢板拉伸分层断口成因分析及改进措施

以船板钢AH36为依托,通过对分层试样断口形貌、组织和夹杂物分析,对船板钢拉伸分层的形成机理、影响因素进行研究。由于中心偏析的存在,在轧制过程中形成带状组织,同时由于热轧板板厚中心处的塑性MnS夹杂物,复合氧化物夹杂,Nb、Ti的碳氮化物以及H的存在,在轧制过程中容易形成最薄弱的地方,从而形成分层缺陷。     

胫骨生物陶瓷复合材料的微结构增韧机理

扫描电镜观察显示胫骨是一种由羟基磷灰石和胶原蛋白组成的自然生物陶瓷复合材料.羟基磷灰石具有层状的微结构并且平行于骨的表面排列.观察也显示这些羟基磷灰石层又是由许多羟基磷灰石片所组成,这些羟基磷灰石片具有长而薄的形状,也以平行的方式整齐排列.基于在胫骨中观察到的羟基磷灰石片的微结构特征,通过微结构模型分析及实验,研究了羟基磷灰石片平行排列微结构的最大拔出能.结果表明,羟基磷灰石片长而薄的形状以及平行排列方式增加了其最大拔出能,进而提高了骨的断裂韧性.     

面向零件形状的计算机图形库的开发

论述了CAD技术中参数化设计的三种建模方法，重点介绍了基于特征的参数化建模原理。在此基础上，分析机械设计中的机构结构，归纳出其零件的几何特征构成。设计了机构CAD图形库，并提出了该图形库生成步骤和人机交互界面。     

FeCrAIW电弧喷涂层组织的致密化研究

采用激光辐照对FeCrAlW电弧喷涂层的组织进行致密化处理,借助扫描电镜和X衍射对涂层的组织进行了分析.测试了涂层的显微硬度.结果表明:涂层组织致密度提高,孔隙率明显降低.随着激光扫描速度的增加,涂层的显微硬度降低.在较低的扫描速度下,涂层与基体之间形成互熔区,涂层与基体之间产生良好的冶金结合.     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.