液态时效条件下Zn元素的添加对共晶Sn-58Bi焊料力学性能的影响（英文）

对液态时效条件下Sn-58Bi-x Zn(x=0,0.7)焊料样品的力学性能(包括拉伸强度和蠕变性能)以及相关的界面反应进行研究。结果表明,在Sn-58Bi-0.7Zn焊料样品中,Bi的粗化现象和Cu-Sn界面金属间化合物的生长都得到了有效抑制。通过掺杂0.7%Zn,回流焊接后焊条样品的极限拉伸强度比共晶Sn-58Bi的极限拉伸强度提高了6.05%,液态时效后的极限拉伸强度则提升了5.50%。对于焊点样品,掺杂0.7%Zn后的极限拉伸强度相比Cu/Sn-58Bi/Cu在回流焊接后提升21.51%,而在液态时效后则提升29.27%。焊点强度的增加是由于Zn的掺杂导致Bi晶粒细化,使得断裂面从Cu和界面金属间化合物界面处转移到了界面金属间化合物和焊料界面处。纳米压痕的结果显示,通过向共晶Sn-58Bi焊料中掺杂0.7%Zn,焊料的抗蠕变性在回流焊接和液态时效后都有较大幅度的提升。     

亚共晶Sn-Zn系合金无铅焊料的性能

通过差热分析(DTA),研究Sn-xZn合金(x=2.5~9)的非平衡熔化性能,发现在加热速度为5℃/min时,Sn-6.5Zn与Sn-9Zn的熔化特性相同;通过浸润法和铺展法表征Sn-xZn合金在Cu基材表面上的润湿性。结果表明:Sn-6.5Zn在Cu基材表面上的润湿性优于Sn-9Zn。研究速率为10-3s-1和10-1s-1时Sn-xZn的拉伸性能,结果发现:Sn-6.5Zn的抗拉强度与Sn-9Zn的相当,而延伸率高于Sn-9Zn。以搭接焊及界面剪切实验研究Sn-xZn/Cu焊点界面强度,发现焊点界面剪切强度随x的增加而提高,在x≥6.5时趋于稳定;x=6.5时剪切力最大,表明Sn-6.5Zn在Sn-Zn系中具有最好的钎焊工艺性能。     

85℃时效Sn-8Zn-3Bi/Cu焊点界面化合物生长行为

以Sn-9Zn/Cu焊点为参比物,研究了Sn-8Zn-3Bi/Cu焊点在85℃时效条件下界面金属间化合物(IMC)的生长行为。结果表明,相同钎焊工艺条件下,与Sn-9Zn/Cu相比,Sn-8Zn-3Bi/Cu界面反应更为充分。在85℃时效过程中,Sn-9Zn/Cu界面IMC结构稳定,Sn-8Zn-3Bi/Cu焊点界面IMC生长速率变化不大,界面IMC层增厚速率在界面反应初期较快而在后期则显著下降。Bi的添加对合金熔点的降低促进了界面初期反应过程的充分进行。随着界面反应时间的延长,Bi对Cu-Zn(IMC)层的生长表现出明显的抑制作用,界面IMC生长动力学时间指数显著减小。     

快速凝固对Sn-8Zn-3Bi合金特性及高温时效钎料/铜焊点结构演变的影响（英文）

研究了快速凝固工艺对Sn-8Zn-3Bi合金显微组织和熔化特性的影响,分析了经150°C高温时效后钎料/铜焊点显微组织演变以评估连接的可靠性。结果表明:经快速凝固后,Sn-8Zn-3Bi合金中的Bi完全固溶于Sn基体并形成枝晶结构;与常规熔铸态合金相比,Bi在Sn基体中的过饱和固溶导致快速凝固态钎料的熔点上升至接近Sn-Zn共晶合金熔点,但同时减小了由于Bi添加对Sn-Zn合金熔化行为产生的不利影响,钎料/铜焊点界面金属间化合物(IMC)层更为致密和均匀;使用快速凝固态钎料能够显著抑制高温时效过程中钎料/铜焊点界面IMC的形成与生长并改善其界面高温稳定性。     

添加0.10%Ce对Sn-0.7Cu-0.5Ni焊料与Cu基板间界面IMC的影响

研究Sn-0.7Cu-0.5Ni-xCe(x=0,0.1)焊料与铜基板间543K钎焊以及453K恒温时效对界面金属间化合物(IMC)的形成与生长行为的影响。结果表明:往Sn-0.7Cu-0.5Ni焊料合金中添加0.10%Ce,能抑制等温时效过程中界面IMC的形成与生长;焊点最初形成的界面IMC为Cu6Sn5,时效10d后,Sn-0.7Cu-0.5Ni和Sn-0.7Cu-0.5Ni-0.10Ce这2种焊料中均有Cu3Sn形成,与Sn-0.7Cu-0.5Ni/Cu焊点相比,Sn-0.7Cu-0.5Ni-0.10Ce/Cu界面IMC层较为平整;该界面IMC的形成与生长均受扩散控制,主要取决于Cu原子的扩散,添加稀土元素Ce能抑制Cu原子的扩散,Sn-0.7Cu-0.5Ni和Sn-0.7Cu-0.5Ni-0.10Ce焊点界面IMC层的生长速率分别为6.15×10-18和5.38×10?18m2/s。     

Bi对SnXCuNi焊料性能和焊点界面层组织的影响

为了获得低成本和性能良好的无铅焊料,本文在Sn-4.1X-1.5Cu-Ni焊料中添加质量分数为0.6％的Bi元素,对其微观组织及物相成分、熔点、润湿性和剪切强度进行了分析研究,并对焊点等温时效后其界面组织进行了SEM和EDS分析.结果表明,Sn-4.1 X- 1.5Cu-Ni-0.6Bi焊料中主要由β-Sn、Cu6Sn5、XSn和SnBi组成,Bi的加入能有效地降低焊料的熔点和提高焊料的润湿性,焊点也保持较高的剪切强度.随着等温时效时间的延长,Sn-4.1X-1.5Cu-Ni/Cu和Sn-4.1X- 1.5Cu-Ni-0.6Bi/Cu界面金属间化合物(IMC)层厚度也增加,其界面IMC的增厚主要由扩散机制控制,界面IMC主要成份为Cu6Sn5、Cu3Sn和(Cu,Ni)6Sn5.Bi能抑制等温时效过程中界面IMC的形成和生长,从而提高了焊点的可靠性,其中Sn-4.1 X- 1.5 Cu-Ni/Cu的IMC生长速率为2.95×10-17m2/s,Sn-4.1X-1.5Cu-Ni-0.6Bi/Cu的IMC生长速率为2.78× 10-17m2/s.     

引线框架铜合金材料与SnAg3.0Cu0.5的界面组织

采用扫描电镜和能谱分析等手段研究了3种不同引线框架用铜合金材料与SnAgCu钎料的界面结构,3种铜合金引线框架材料与SnAg3.0Cu0.5焊膏焊后未经时效的界面组织相似.焊点在160℃恒温时效300 h后,Cu-0.1Fe-0.03P合金、Cu-0.36Cr-0.03Zr合金、Cu-0.38Cr-0.17Sn-0.16Zn合金与SnAg3.0Cu0.5焊膏的界面金属间化合物厚度分别为8.7、7.4、6.2μm,其成分主要为Cu6Sn5,靠近铜合金一侧均有少量Cu,Sn生成.结果表明,Cu-0.38Cr-0.17Sn-0.16Zn合金比Cu-0.1Fe-0.03P合金和Cu-0.36Cr-0.03Zr合金具有更好的焊接可靠性能,Cu-0.38Cr-0.17Sn-0.16Zn合金中的Zn元素在焊点界面的富集有效减缓了界面处原子的相互扩散,使金属同化合物的增长速度降低.     

Sn-9Zn/Cu焊点界面金属间化合物层结构研究

研究了过热度、冷却速率和时效处理对Sn-9Zn/Cu界面金属间化合物的形成及厚度的影响,并与同等条件下的Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu/Cu和Sn-37Pb/Cu界面作了比较。通过XRD、SEM及EPMA等检测发现,在Sn-9Zn/Cu界面上形成的金属间化合物可分为2层:近Cu侧的Cu-Zn化合物层和近焊料侧的Cu-Zn-Sn化合物层,同时在2层化合物的分界面上还检测出了大量的O。试验还发现,熔融过热度和冷却速率对焊料/Cu界面上金属间化合物的厚度有较大影响,随着熔融保温温度的升高和冷却速率的下降,厚度增加,且Sn-9Zn/Cu和Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu/Cu界面受熔融过热度和冷却速率的影响比Sn-37Pb/Cu界面大。在250℃+空冷的时效过程中,由于界面上Cu-Zn化合物层分解和Cu-Zn-Sn化合物层生长相互竞争,导致Sn-9Zn/Cu界面金属间化合物的厚度变化无明显规律。     

Sn-1.5Ag-2Zn低银无铅焊料与取向铜界面研究

目的 高密度封装技术能减少焊盘尺寸和焊盘里面所含晶粒的数量,当多晶焊盘转为单晶焊盘时,晶粒的取向会对界面处金属间化合物的形成产生重要影响。选取具有发展前景的Sn-1.5Ag-2Zn作为焊料合金,研究焊料与单晶(111)铜基板界面反应,得到金属间化合物的生长动力学规律。方法 将Sn-1.5Ag-2Zn无铅焊料分别与单晶(111)铜基板及多晶紫铜基板在250 ℃下进行回流焊接5 min,将焊接后的样品在160 ℃下分别进行20 h,100 h,300 h,600 h热处理。用扫描电子显微镜背散射电子成像和二次电子成像、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱仪等研究焊接界面处的显微组织、金属间化合物成分以及性能。结果 合金焊料与铜基板接触迅速生长出凹凸不平类似扇贝状Cu6Sn5金属间化合物层,与单晶铜表面形成的Cu6Sn5晶粒尺寸比多晶铜的大,单晶铜无晶界阻挡原子扩散,影响晶粒形核与长大。合金焊料与单晶(111)铜焊点在160 ℃下热处理20 h快速形成的Cu6Sn5生长速度是多晶铜上焊点的2倍左右。而后随热处理时间增加增长缓慢,热处理600 h后厚层Cu6Sn5由于裂纹扩散出现溃断,金属间化合物的厚度维持在3.5 µm。焊料与多晶铜焊点在热处理过程中生成的Cu5Zn8起到阻挡层的作用,阻挡焊料与铜基板接触,抑制Cu6Sn5生成,热处理300 h后Cu5Zn8破碎分解,Cu6Sn5在阻挡层消失后快速生长,厚度约为2.8 µm。结论 单晶铜上焊点金属间化合物的厚度比多晶铜上金属间化合物的厚度多0.7 µm,热处理后合金焊料与单晶铜界面形成的金属间化合物致密性更好,基本没有孔隙,而合金焊料与多晶铜界面上金属间化合物晶粒间存在明显孔隙,可以预测合金焊料与单晶铜界面的焊接质量更好。     

Sn-9Zn-3Bi/Cu钎焊接头在170℃时效过程中的显微结构

采用ST50润湿实验仪完成了钎焊并研究分析了Sn-9Zn-3Bi/Cu接头在170℃下长期时效的显微结构变化.结果表明:Sn-9Zn-3Bi/Cn接头时效至200 h后在界面处形成单一连续的Cu5Zn8化合物层;时效至500 h和1000 h后,界面处形成了3层化合物层,从铜母材侧起,分别为Cu-Sn化合物层,Cu-Zn化合物层和Sn-Cu化合物层;随着时效时间的增加,整个金属化合物层变厚,而Cu-Zn化合物层减薄,表明Cu-Zn化合物层在时效过程中具有不稳定性.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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