高合金化Al-9Zn-2Mg-2Cu-0.3Ce合金均匀化过程中的组织演变

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针显微分析(EPMA)、X射线衍射(XRD)以及差示扫描量热仪(DSC),研究了一种高合金化Al-9Zn-2.0Mg-2Cu-0.3Ce(质量分数,%)合金的铸态微观组织,以及其均匀化过程中微观组织的演变,获得了较优的单级均匀化工艺。结果表明:铸态时,合金晶粒内部枝晶网络发达,Zn、Mg、Cu元素偏聚严重,合金中主要的非平衡凝固相为T(AlZnMgCu) 相和θ(Al₂Cu)相。经过470 ℃×48 h均匀化热处理后,合金中的枝晶网络基本消除,凝固相T逐渐回溶至基体中,主要的残留相为耐高温相Al₂CuMg、Al₈Cu₄Ce和Al₇Cu₂Fe。扩散动力学分析表明,470 ℃退火48 h的单级均匀化工艺足以使合金中的非平衡相回溶至基体中。     

Al和Zn对铸造Mg-5Sn合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

根据合金成分设计,在Mg-5Sn铸造合金中逐步添加2%Al及4%Zn（质量分数）,实验结果表明,单独添加Al后,一次枝晶尺寸减小,且二次臂变的更加细密,合金的延伸率从6.6%提高到22.4%;Al和Zn复合添加后,长程枝晶转变为较为圆整的蔷薇状,在合金中生成了Mg₃₂（Al,Zn）₄₉相,合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到96和232 MPa,但延伸率则下降到14.8%.通过固溶时效处理,Mg-5Sn-4Zn-2Al合金在175℃时效24 h后达到硬度峰值83.5 HV,其晶内析出相由沿[0001]晶向分布的MgZn₂和块状的Mg₂Sn相组成,对应的室温屈服和抗拉强度分别提升到144和264 MPa;在150℃下其屈服强度仍可达到138 MPa,这表明合金的晶内析出的MgZn₂和Mg₂Sn相在高温下仍具有良好的强化作用.     

时效处理对7022铝合金组织与弯曲性能的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、拉伸和弯曲试验等研究了时效处理对7022铝合金组织及弯曲性能的影响。结果表明,固溶处理后7022铝合金基体中依然含有大量黑色不溶第二相,且这些相主要由α-Al、MgZn₂、Al₂CuMg和Al₇Cu₂Fe相组成。随着时效的进行,Al₂CuMg和Al₇Cu₂Fe相逐渐溶解,与MgZn₂相性质相似的Mg(Zn, Cu, Al)₂相析出,同时晶粒逐渐长大,产生明显的析出强化效应。试样的抗弯强度主要受到第二相颗粒的数目、尺寸以及晶粒尺寸的影响。110 ℃×10 h时效条件下,合金拥有弥散分布的细小第二相颗粒和合适的晶粒尺寸,具有较好的抗弯强度和抗拉强度,其数值分别为21.7 MPa、608 MPa。     

Al-8.0Zn-2.0Mg-2.1Cu合金均匀化过程中Al2CuMg相的消除

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针显微分析(EPMA)、X射线衍射(XRD)以及差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了一种高合金化Al-8.0Zn-2.0Mg-2.1Cu(wt%)合金在均匀化过程中难溶相Al₂CuMg的形成以及实现其充分溶解的工艺。结果表明:铸态时,合金中主要的非平衡凝固相为Mg(Zn, Al, Cu)₂相,Zn、Mg、Cu元素偏聚严重。经过470 ℃×40 h一级均匀化后,虽然Mg(Zn, Al, Cu)₂相逐渐回溶至基体中促进了合金中枝晶网络的基本消除,但合金中形成了一种耐高温的有害相Al₂CuMg。进一步采用485 ℃×14 h的高温均匀化工艺实现了合金中耐高温相Al₂CuMg的充分回溶。扩散动力学分析表明,470 ℃×40 h+485 ℃×14 h的双级均匀化工艺足以使合金中的非平衡相回溶至基体中。     

固溶-时效对新型高强高淬透性热挤压Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金组织与性能的影响

采用力学性能测试、金相观察（OM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微分析（TEM）研究了固溶-时效工艺对Al-6. 6Zn-1. 8Mg-0. 24Cu-0. 23Mn-0. 21Zr（wt%,7046A）合金挤压板带显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:合金适宜的固溶-时效工艺为470℃×1 h固溶随后120℃×24 h人工时效。在此条件下,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为570 MPa、532 MPa和10. 9%。T6态合金的物相组成为Al基固溶体、含Mn和Zr的初晶相以及3～5 nm的η’（MgZn₂）析出相,与此同时,晶界上析出η（MgZn₂）平衡相。合金的强化机制为固溶强化、亚结构强化和时效强化。      

时效处理对Al-7.2Zn-2.5Mg-1.5Cu-0.08Zr-0.12Sc合金组织与性能的影响

通过进行透射电镜分析和拉伸试验研究了不同时效处理制度对Al-7.2Zn-2.5Mg-1.5Cu-0.08Zr-0.12Sc合金的显微组织及拉伸性能的影响。透射电镜分析结果表明:合金在时效过程中,晶内析出大量弥散分布的Mg Zn2相与Al3(Sc,Zr)相。单级时效状态下,晶内析出相细小,晶界析出断续分布的平衡相,并存在晶界无沉淀区;双级时效状态下,晶内及晶界析出相均长大,晶间无析出带宽化;回归再时效处理状态下,晶内析出相较单级时效略有长大,晶界处组织与双级时效相似。拉伸试验结果表明:单级时效状态下的合金具有较高的强度,但断裂伸长率较小;双级时效状态下的合金强度较单级时效明显降低,但有较大的断裂伸长率;经回归再时效的合金既保证了单级时效的强度,也具有双级时效的伸长率。     

热浸镀Zn-11Al-3Mg镀层黑点缺陷形成机理研究

目的 研究Zn-11Al-3Mg镀层黑点缺陷位置与正常位置组织特征差异,阐明黑点缺陷的形成机理,寻找导致黑点缺陷的原因,从而控制和消除黑点缺陷。方法 以工业生产的Zn-11Al-3Mg镀层钢板表面的黑点缺陷为研究对象,综合运用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、双束聚焦离子束显微镜(FIB-SEM)等,详细对比了缺陷位置和正常位置镀层显微组织的差异,分析了引起镀层组织差异的根本原因,揭示了Zn-11Al-3Mg镀层表面黑点缺陷的形成机理。结果 Zn-11Al-3Mg镀层组织由初生Al枝晶和枝晶间第二相组成,缺陷位置和正常位置枝晶间第二相显微组织存在明显差异,宏观上表现为局部黑点缺陷。缺陷位置枝晶间第二相的平均成分与原始镀液成分接近,组织为细小的颗粒状Zn/Al/MgZn₂三元组织,未出现明显的Zn/MgZn₂二元共晶;而正常位置枝晶间第二相由大量的层片状Zn/MgZn₂二元共晶及少量Zn/Al/MgZn₂三元共晶组成。造成上述镀层组织差异的根本原因是镀后凝固过程中冷却速率不均匀...     

Zn-9.5Al-3Mg-0.01Ce合金微观组织演化的研究

利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱仪对Zn-9.5Al-3Mg-0.01Ce合金的微观组织和相组成进行了研究。结果发现,炉冷条件下,该合金由初生Al枝晶,Al+MgZn₂二元共晶,Al+Zn+Mg₂Zn₁₁三元共晶构成,初生Al枝晶不是单相。Al枝晶的边缘区域存在明显的台阶状形貌。结合线扫描结果可知,枝晶中心区域的Al含量比枝晶边缘部分高得多,而Zn含量则低得多。这是由于合金在凝固时发生了包晶反应。     

高锌超高强铝合金微观组织及力学性能研究

采用光学金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线物相分析仪和透射电镜等研究了Al-10Zn-1.77Mg-1.0Cu-0.13Zr铝合金的微观组织演变和力学性能。结果表明:合金铸态组织为枝晶结构,主要存在α(Al)和η相(Mg Zn2)。双级均匀化处理后,铸态枝晶组织完全消除,非平衡共晶组织几乎完全回溶进基体。时效处理后,晶内析出相为针状η′相和球状GP区,晶界沉淀相η相沿晶界断续分布,晶界无析出区宽约23nm。基体沉淀相、晶界沉淀相以及晶界无析出区的良好匹配,使Al-10Zn-1.77Mg-1.0Cu-0.13Zr合金不仅具有超高的抗拉强度,同时还拥有良好的塑性。     

Mg含量对Al-Zn-Mg铝合金组织及性能的影响

通过改变镁的含量,设计了4种不同成分的Al-6.0Zn-xMg合金。采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、差式扫描量热分析仪(DSC)、硬度、导电率以及室温拉伸等分析测试方法,研究了Mg含量对Al-Zn-Mg合金铸态、均匀化态组织性能及T6态力学性能的影响。结果表明:4种铸态合金组织晶界附近存在大量共晶网状结构与链状第二相,主要为α(Al)+三元T(AlZnMg)相,合金中还存在少量的Al₃(Zr,Ti)相和富铁相,提高Mg含量会使合金组织中的非平衡共晶相增加。合金均匀化处理后空冷,基体内有大量细小弥散的针状η(MgZn₂)相析出,且随着Mg含量的提高,这种针状η(MgZn₂)相的析出数量也逐渐增多。随着Mg含量增加,硬度逐渐增加,导电率逐渐下降,且均匀化态合金的硬度及导电率比铸态的高。4种T6态合金中Al-6.0Zn-2Mg合金的综合力学性能最佳。     

Mg-Al-Zn-Sm合金的组织、力学性能及其热力学分析

利用相图热力学数据库设计Mg-Al-Zn-Sm系合金的成分和热处理工艺。合金经熔炼铸造后进行T6工艺热处理。通过硬度测试确定合金的峰时效点,并在峰时效点进行室温拉伸实验。结果表明:成分为Mg-6Al-1.3Sm-1Zn(质量分数,%)的样品时效后的抗拉强度(σb)为263 MPa。采用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子衍射(TEM)并结合X射线能谱分析方法确定合金基体为Mg-Zn固溶体,析出相为Mg17Al12与Al2Sm。借助金相光学显微技术与扫描电镜(SEM)对合金的微观组织形貌进行分析,并采用热力学计算对显微组织的形成进行解释。示差扫描量热技术(DSC)测试结果表明:合金凝固过程中的相变点与计算模拟的结果吻合。     

Effect of specific pressure on fabrication of 2D-Cf/Al composite by vacuum and pressure infiltration

Carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix (C_f/Al) composite has many excellent properties, and it has received more and more attention. Two-dimensional (2D) C_f/Al composites were fabricated by vacuum and pressure infiltration, which was an integrated technique and could provide high vacuum and high infiltration pressure. The effect of specific pressure on the infiltration quality of the obtained composites was comparatively evaluated through microstructure observation. The experimental results show that satisfied C_f/Al composites could be fabricated at the specific pressure of 75 MPa. In this case, the preform was infiltrated much more completely by aluminum alloy liquid, and the residual porosity was seldom found. It is found that the ultimate tensile strength of the obtained C_f/Al composite reached maximum at the specific pressure of 75 MPa, which was improved by 138.9% compared with that of matrix alloy.     

Single-aging characteristics of 7055 aluminum alloy

The microstructures and properties of 7055 aluminum alloy were studied at different single-aging for up to 48 h using hardness test, tensile test, electrical conductivity measurement, XRD and TEM microstructure analysis. The results show that at the early stage of aging, the hardness and strength of the alloy increase rapidly, the peak hardness and strength are approached after 120 ℃ aging for 4 h, then maintained at a high level for a long time. The suitable single-aging treatment of 7055 alloy is 480 ℃, 1 h solution treatment and water quenching, then aging at 120 ℃ for 24 h. Under those condition, the tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and electrical conductivity of the studied alloy are 513 MPa, 462 MPa, 9.5% and 29%（IACS）, respectively. During aging, the solid solution decomposes and precipitation occurs. At the early aging stage of 120 ℃, GP zones form and then grow up gradually with increasing ageing time. η′ phase forms after ageing for 4 h and η phase starts to occur after 24 h aging.     

Effects of Heat Treatment on the Microstructures and High Temperature Mechanical Properties of Hypereutectic Al–14Si–Cu–Mg Alloy Manufactured by Liquid Phase Sintering Process

Hypereutectic Al–Si alloy is an aluminum alloy containing at least 12.6 wt.% Si. It is necessary to evenly control the primary Si particle size and distribution in hypereutectic Al–Si alloy. In order to achieve this, there have been attempts to manufacture hypereutectic Al–Si alloy through a liquid phase sintering. This study investigated the microstructures and high temperature mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al–14Si–Cu–Mg alloy manufactured by liquid phase sintering process and changes in them after T6 heat treatment. Microstructural observation identified large amounts of small primary Si particles evenly distributed in the matrix, and small amounts of various precipitation phases were found in grain interiors and grain boundaries. After T6 heat treatment, the primary Si particle size and shape did not change significantly, but the size and distribution of CuAl₂ (θ) and AlCuMgSi (Q) changed. Hardness tests measured 97.36 HV after sintering and 142.5 HV after heat treatment. Compression tests were performed from room temperature to 300 °C. The results represented that yield strength was greater after heat treatment (RT?~?300 °C: 351?~?93 MPa) than after sintering (RT?~?300 °C: 210?~?89 MPa). Fracture surface analysis identified cracks developing mostly along the interface between the primary Si particles and the matrix with some differences among temperature conditions. In addition, brittle fracture mode was found after T6 heat treatment.     

55%SiCp/2024Al复合材料时效过程的微观组织与力学性能

选用粒径为12 μm的SiC颗粒和19 μm的2024铝合金粉末,采用热等静压工艺制备体积分数为55%的SiC_p/2024Al复合材料,研究固溶时效处理对SiC_p/2024Al复合材料微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,真空热等静压法制备的复合材料组织致密,SiC颗粒与铝合金结合良好。时效过程中SiC_p/2024Al复合材料呈现出双峰时效行为,与铝合金相比,复合材料提前达到峰时效状态,此时基体中主要强化相为θ″相与S″相。与烧结态相比,复合材料硬度从255 HBW提高到281 HBW,抗弯强度从633 MPa提高到747 MPa。     

Effect of Nd content on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-12Li-3Al alloy

In order to improve the mechanical properties of Mg-Li alloy with single β phase structure, Mg-12Li-3Al-xNd(x=0.3, 0.7, 1.1, 2.0wt.%) alloy was prepared. Subsequently, the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties were observed and tested. The results showed that the structure of Mg-12Li-3Al-xNd(x=0.3, 0.7, 1.1, 2.0wt.%) as-cast alloy was composed of β phase matrix and Al_2Nd, Al_(11)Nd_3, MgLiAl_2, Al_4Li_9 and AlLi phases. With the increase of Nd content in the alloy, the Al-Nd intermetallic compounds have a trend to change from needle-like Al_(11)Nd_3 to granular Al_2Nd. The hardness of as-cast Mg-12Li-3Al-xNd(x=0.3, 0.7, 1.1, 2.0wt.%) alloy was stable at room temperature. The tensile strength of Mg-12Li-3Al-1.1Nd was as high as 180 MPa, the elongation rate of Mg-12Li-3Al-0.7Nd reached 53.7%, and the comprehensive mechanical properties of Mg-12Li-3Al-2.0Nd was the best. PLC phenomenon occurred during the tensile process of the alloys at room temperature. Therefore, the β-based Mg-Li alloy with good plasticity as well as enhanced strength can be obtained by a moderate addition of Nd and Al.     

Mg元素对强流脉冲电子束改性后Al-20Si合金表面微观组织及性能的影响

目的通过添加Mg元素改善Al-20Si合金的组织,提升其表面力学性能。方法运用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、显微硬度计及多功能材料表面性能试验仪等一系列检测手段,考察Mg元素对强流脉冲电子束改性Al-20Si合金表面效果的影响,及合金表面微观组织和表面力学性能的变化。结果 Mg元素能与硅相形成更细小的Mg_2Si相来细化初生硅相,同时可改善强流脉冲电子束处理后铝硅合金表面产生的微裂纹。材料表面经强流脉冲电子束改性后,所有的衍射峰发生了宽化及偏移。两组合金铝基体的显微硬度随着脉冲数的增加而逐渐递增,Al-20Si合金铝基体的显微硬度由745.5MPa增加到2170.7MPa,Al-20Si-5Mg合金的铝基体显微硬度由1061.3 MPa增加到2403.6 MPa,Mg元素的添加可提高Al-20Si合金的硬度。另外,通过往复摩擦试验发现,Mg元素及强流脉冲电子束都能提高材料的耐磨性。结论 Mg元素能改善强流脉冲电子束处理后Al-20Si合金表面的微观组织,添加Mg元素后,Al-20Si合金表面的力学性能得到提高。     

Effects of hot isostatic pressing temperature on casting shrinkage densification and microstructure of Ti6Al4V alloy

The Ti6Al4V alloy castings were produced by the investment casting process, and the hot isostatic pressing(HIP) was used to remove shrinkage from castings. The processing pressure and holding time for HIP were 150 MPa and 20 min, respectively. Four different HIP temperatures were tested, including 750 ℃, 850 ℃, 920 ℃ and 950 ℃. To evaluate the effects of temperature on densification and microstructure of Ti6Al4V alloy treated by HIP, non-destructive testing and metallographic observation was performed. The experimental results show that the shrinkage was completely closed at 920 ℃ and 950 ℃. The densification of Ti6Al4V alloy increased as the HIP temperature increased below 920 ℃. The lamel ae were more uniform, the thickness of lamel ae was obviously broadened and the structure was coarsen. Besides, the Norton creep equation was used to simulate the effect of different temperatures on the densification of Ti6Al4V alloy during HIP. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results. It was also found that 920 ℃ is a suitable temperature for HIP for Ti6Al4V alloy.     

玄武岩颗粒增强7A04铝基复合材料的界面结构及力学行为

采用喷射成形技术制备7A04铝合金及玄武岩颗粒增强7A04铝合金复合材料,利用金相显微镜(OM)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)分析复合材料微观组织和界面结构,对比研究复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:玄武岩颗粒在铝基体中弥散分布,并与铝基体形成强力结合界面,玄武岩颗粒边缘的SiO2不断被反应生成的Al2O3取代,形成一层几十纳米厚度的高温反应层,反应生成的Al2O3强化玄武岩颗粒与铝基体的结合界面;弥散分布的玄武岩颗粒促进基体中位错增殖、空位形成和析出相的析出,析出相主要以板状的η(MgZn2)相和亮白色条状或椭球状的T(Al2Mg3Zn3)相为主,结合界面、高位错密度及弥散分布的第二相显著提高复合材料的力学性能,添加玄武岩颗粒的7A04铝合金复合材料的屈服强度和极限拉伸强度分别达667 MPa和696 MPa,与未添加玄武岩颗粒的7A04铝合金相比分别提高10.4%和10.1%。     

Creep resistance of as-cast Mg-5Al-5Ca-2Sn alloy

In the present study, creep properties of as-cast Mg-5Al-5Ca-2Sn(AXT552) alloy were investigated by means of a GWT304 creep testing machine at temperatures of 175 °C and 200 °C in the stress range of 35-90 MPa. Results show that creep rates increase with applied stress at an identical temperature. Creep strain at 100 hours is 0.0518% and 0.083% at creep conditions of 175°C/75 MPa and 200°C/60 MPa, respectively, which is comparable to MRI230 D and much lower than most of AX series alloys. By the observation and analysis for samples before and after creep tests using a Shimadzu XRD-7000 type X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and a Hitachi S-3400 N type scanning electron microscope(SEM), it was found that Al_2Ca(C15) phase precipitated out of C36 phase or matrix. The cavity formation and connection at the interface of soft matrix and hard intermetallics caused the propagation of cracking along the eutectic phase during creep process and dislocation accommodated grain/phase boundary sliding is expected to be the dominant creep mechanism.