焊接工艺对压铸镁合金CO2激光焊缝气孔率的影响

研究了激光功率和焊接速度等焊接工艺参数对两种不同含气量的压铸镁合金激光焊气孔倾向(以气孔率为表征)的影响规律,并对气孔的防止措施进行了探索.结果表明,含气量较高的2 mm厚压铸镁合金激光焊气孔倾向大于含气量较低的5 mm厚压铸镁合金.两种厚度的压铸镁合金激光焊缝气孔率总体上均随着激光功率的升高及焊接速度的降低而升高.对...     

压铸镁合金激光焊气孔形成原因的实验研究

压铸镁合金因含气量高而使得激光焊接气孔问题非常突出,为实现压铸镁合金的低气孔率焊接技术,通过对母材固态加热前后气孔特征参数、密度变化的分析以及焊前除氢后施焊与不除氢施焊气孔倾向的比较,研究了压铸镁合金中气体来源的特点及气孔形成过程.结果表明,母材中同时含有分子氢和原子氢,以高压气孔形式存在的分子氢以及以过饱和固溶形式存在的原子氢均是导致压铸镁合金激光焊产生大量气孔的原因.而向焊缝中引入Zr元素可以显著降低气孔倾向,但Zr的作用机理还有待于深入研究.     

AZ31镁合金钨极交流氩弧焊焊缝气孔的研究

采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对AZ31镁合金薄板在钨极交流氩弧焊时产生的气孔进行了研究,分析了气孔的形成原因,并提出了焊缝气孔的防止措施.试验结果表明:焊前彻底清除母材坡口、表面和焊丝表面的油污及氧化膜,采用较大的焊接电流和较高的焊接速度,选用合适的氩气流量,焊前预热等措施都能有效地防止焊缝中气孔的产生.     

AM60变形镁合金薄板激光焊接接头的组织与性能

以AM60变形镁合金薄板为研究对象，分析C02激光焊后接头的组织和性能，探讨镁合金激光焊接的工艺特点。结果表明：在合适的工艺参数下，能获得表面成型良好、变形小的焊接接头。金相观察分析发现接头中热影响区不明显，焊缝区组织致密，晶粒细小，晶界上均匀分布着脆性相（Mg17A112），但内部易产生气孔、裂纹等微观缺陷。硬度测试结果显示，焊缝硬度略高，母材和热影响区硬度相当。在本实验条件下采用C02激光焊能实现AM60镁合金的焊接，抗拉强度可达母材的94％，断口表现为混合断裂。     

AZ31镁合金激光焊接头中的缺陷分析

以变形镁合金AZ31为研究对象,研究CO2激光焊接镁合金的工艺特点,分析焊后接头中出现的常见缺陷,并探讨其产生的主要原因和有效的防止措施。结果表明:气孔、裂纹是AZ31镁合金CO2激光焊接头中存在的主要缺陷。另外,在有些情况下还容易产生夹杂、未熔合和未焊透、咬边、下塌等缺陷。但只要焊接过程中工艺参数选择合适,并采用有效的焊前、焊后处理措施,这些缺陷是可以避免或减少的。     

镁合金激光焊接气孔问题的实验研究

对变形镁合金AZ31B、AZ80A,砂铸镁合金AM60B、AZ91D及压铸镁合金AM50A激光焊接气孔倾向进行研究.研究表明:变形镁合金激光焊气孔倾向很小,在较宽的焊接工艺参数范围内均能得到无气孔的焊缝. 砂铸镁合金AM60B及AZ91D激光焊时气孔对气体保护条件非常敏感,在侧吹气体保护角度及流量选择不合适时气孔率非常高,在优化的气保护条件下可得到气孔率较低的焊缝.而压铸镁合金AM50激光焊缝中气孔问题非常突出,调整工艺参数无法解决气孔问题,焊接过程中的加热及添加填充材料可以在一定程度上减少气孔.     

镁合金薄板焊接性能研究

采用钨极交流氩弧焊焊接方法制备了0.8 mm厚的AZ31和AZ80镁合金拼焊板,分析了AZ31和AZ80镁合金拼焊板的焊接性能,确定了钨极交流氩弧焊接工艺参数.研究结果表明,AZ31镁合金焊缝处的晶粒为等轴晶,热影响区组织是树枝状晶.AZ31-AZ80拼焊板的焊缝处缺陷主要是气孔和热裂纹.焊缝性能与焊接母材的性能相当.     

激光叠焊过程中的气孔行为

论述了激光叠焊封闭曲线的过程中出现的气孔现象,讨论了激光焊接工艺参数、板材表面粗糙度、板厚以及引弧与熄弧功率曲线等因素对产生气孔的影响,提出了防止产生气孔的方法.     

压铸AZ91D镁合金母材气孔在重熔过程的遗传性研究

对压铸AZ91D镁合金进行CO₂激光局部重熔,采用OM和SEM观察了母材预存气孔和重熔区气孔特征,利用粒径分析软件Nano measure 1.2测量了气孔尺寸,着重研究了重熔区气孔同母材气孔的关联性.结果表明:压铸镁合金母材预存气孔在重熔过程表现出明显的遗传性;重熔区出现的微观气孔具有近圆形截面,内壁光滑,是氢致气孔;重熔区出现的宏观气孔呈蠕虫状,内壁存在气体通道,并具有明显的金属冲刷痕迹.分析认为,氢致气孔主要遗传于母材固溶的原子氢和存于压铸缺陷的分子氢,宏观气孔主要遗传于母材压铸过程卷入的气体.分析了两类气孔的形成机制,建立了母材预存气孔同重熔区宏观气孔内在关联的数学模型.     

6005A铝合金激光-MIG复合焊接对板厚的工艺适应性

针对6005A铝合金激光-MIG复合焊接工艺适应性,研究了不同板厚条件下,焊接工艺对气孔缺陷、接头组织和力学性能的影响。实验表明,激光-MIG复合焊接对板厚具有良好的工艺适应性,适合焊接4~16 mm厚的6005A铝合金;6005A铝合金激光-MIG焊接工艺在采用单道焊一次成形的情况下有利于气孔的溢出,工艺适应性更优;针对不同板厚,应严格控制激光-MIG复合焊接对母材的热作用,减小焊接接头热影响区的宽度,从而提高其工艺适应性。     

Non-parametric effects on pore formation during resistance spot welding of magnesium alloy

The effects of faying surface condition, pre-existing pores in base material and cover plate on the pore formation during resistance spot welding of magnesium alloy were investigated. The results reveal that the hydrogen rejection and the pre-existing pores in base material have little effect on the pore formation, and that the larger pore formation is mainly caused by shrinkage strain during resistance spot welding of magnesium alloy.     

Weld porosity in fibre laser weld of thixomolded heat resistant Mg alloys

Abstract

Porosity in fibre laser welds of two thixomolded heat resistant magnesium alloys AE42 and AS41 was investigated in detail, and porosity formation mechanism was discussed in terms of gas compositions in porosity. It is found that the area percentage of porosity in welds decreases with increasing welding speed, and can be correlated to width of weld metal. Microstructure observation and gas composition analysis in porosity show that the porosity in welds is mainly attributed to the micropores pre-existing in base metals during melting of AE42 and AS41 alloys by fibre laser welding, which are formed due to air entrapment during thixomolding process. Hydrogen rejection and Ar shielding gas entrapment are also the possible reasons for the porosity formation; however, their contribution is much smaller than that of pores in base metals. Furthermore, the addition of rare earth element may probably decrease porosity amount in the thixomolded Mg alloys and their welds.     

Laser welding of 3 mm thick laser-cut AISI 304 stainless steel sheet

The objective of the present work was to study the laser weldability of laser-cut 3 mm thick AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel sheet (using oxygen as an assist gas). For minimizing heat input during laser cutting, which is an important factor influencing the thickness of the oxide layer on the cut surface, laser cutting was performed in pulsed mode. The results of the study demonstrated that although the laser welding of laser-cut specimens did not result in the formation of weld defects, the resultant laser weldments exhibited reduced ductility with respect to base metal and bead-on-plate laser weldments. Laser-cut and laser-welded specimens also displayed higher notch sensitivity than the base metal. However, laser-cut and laser-welded specimens still possessed enough ductility to pass guided bend tests.     

AZ31B镁合金熔化极气体保护焊焊缝的组织和力学性能(英文)

使用熔化极气体保护焊对变形镁合金板材对接。在不同焊接工艺参数下观察焊缝中的气孔特征,分析气孔成因以及气孔对接头微观组织和力学性能的影响。显微组织检测结果表明:气孔主要分布在焊缝顶部或底部,而且气孔能相互连接甚至产生裂纹。然而,在合适的焊接工艺参数下,气孔的产生可以得到有效控制。拉伸测试结果表明:接头的平均抗拉强度接近甚至高于母材。由于第二相β-Mg17(Al,Zn)12的强化作用,焊缝区的硬度高于母材。     

Prevention of porosity by oxygen addition in fibre laser and fibre laser–GMA hybrid welding

Prevention of porosity in partial penetration fibre laser and fibre laser–gas metal arc hybrid welding is investigated. It is found that modulation of laser power prevents porosity formation in fibre laser welding, but that this method is not effective in hybrid welding. However, the addition of a small amount of oxygen to the molten pool can prevent porosity formation in both fibre laser and hybrid welding. This is attributed to stabilisation of the keyhole. During welding, oxygen reacts with dissolved carbon to form carbon monoxide (CO) in the keyhole. The CO partial pressure in the keyhole prevents the intense interaction between laser beam and molten metal, thus stabilising the keyhole. The role of CO formation is confirmed by the enhancement of porosity suppression with increased carbon content of the base metal.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of wrought magnesium alloy AZ31B welded by laser-TIG hybrid

The laser-TIG hybrid welding was mainly used to weld the wrought magnesium alloy AZ31B. The tech-nical characteristics of laser-TIG hybrid welding process was investigated and the interactional mechanism between laser and arc was discussed, at the same time the microstructure and mechanical properties of the wrought magnesi-um alloy AZ31B using laser-TIG hybrid welding were analyzed by optical microscope, EPMA, SEM, tensile ma-chine, hardness machine. The experimental results show that the presence of laser beam boosts up the stability of the arc during high speed welding and augments the penetration of weld； the crystal grains of magnesium alloy weld are fine without porosity and cracks in the best welding criterion and the microstructure of HAZ does not become coarse obviously. The elements profile analysis reveals that Mg content in the weld is lower than that of the base metal, but Al content is higher slightly. Under this experimental condition, the wrought magnesium alloy AZ31B joint can be achieved using laser-TIG hybrid process and the tensile strength of the joint is equivalent to that of the base metal.     

镁合金材料焊接的研究现状及发展

综述了镁合金材料的特点及应用,分析了镁合金焊接过程中存在的主要问题,详细论述了近年来国内外镁合金材料钨极和熔化极惰性气体保护焊、搅拌摩擦焊、电子束焊、电阻点焊、激光焊、复合焊接等方法的特点及研究现状.对镁合金焊接接头的静载力学性能、冲击性能、疲劳性能及其断裂行为进行了讨论,并对今后镁合金材料的焊接及丁程应用进行了展望.