温度和CO_2/H_2S分压比对BG90SS钢管腐蚀行为的影响

利用高温高压H2S/CO2腐蚀模拟实验及SEM,XRD等分析技术研究了H2S和CO2共存环境下温度和CO2/H2S分压比对BG90SS抗硫钢管腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:在60~120℃的范围内,温度的变化对BG90SS油管钢的腐蚀速率的影响并不明显。在60℃和90℃条件下腐蚀由H2S控制,在120℃条件下腐蚀由H2S和CO2共同控制。CO2/H2S分压比低于14时,BG90SS的腐蚀速率变化不明显,分压比在14~28的范围内,腐蚀速率迅速升高,分压比高于28以后,腐蚀速率缓慢增加。随着CO2/H2S分压比的提高,腐蚀由H2S控制转变为H2S和CO2共同控制。     

X60螺旋缝埋弧焊管在湿H2S环境中的腐蚀行为

采用自行设计的焊管实物管段腐蚀试验方法和装置研究了内胀成形和外控成形两种X6 0螺旋缝埋弧焊管在含H2 S的NACE溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明 ,焊管在H2 S介质中的损伤表现为母材表面氢鼓泡及应力腐蚀裂纹 ;随着施加应力的提高及残余应力的增大 ,H2 S腐蚀倾向增大 ;在H2 S介质中和外加应力及残余应力的共同作用下 ,焊管的氢损伤机理既有氢致开裂 ,又有氢致应力腐蚀 ,应力不但促进氢致应力腐蚀 ,同时也促进氢致开裂过程 ;试验结果说明改进焊管焊缝表面质量、降低残余拉应力、控制工作应力是改善和控制焊管H2 S腐蚀的重要措施     

CO2分压对碳钢海底管道CO2/H2S腐蚀的影响

目的：研究 CO2分压对 CO2/H2S腐蚀的影响规律,为海底管道材料的选择提供参考依据。方法采用高温高压反应釜进行腐蚀模拟实验,对腐蚀前后的试样进行称量,计算腐蚀速率。通过SEM观察腐蚀产物膜形貌,通过 XRD 分析腐蚀产物膜成分。结果当 CO2/H2S 分压比较高（1200）时, CO2分压为0.3、0.5、1.0 MPa对应的腐蚀速率分别为1.87、3.22、5.35 mm/a,随着CO2分压升高,腐蚀速率几乎呈线性增大趋势。当CO2/H2S分压比较低（200）时,CO2分压为0.3、0.5、1.0 MPa对应的腐蚀速率分别为3.47、3.64、3.71 mm/a,CO2分压变化对腐蚀速率的影响并不显著。当CO2/H2S分压比较高（1200）时,腐蚀产物以FeCO3为主,腐蚀受CO2控制;此时低CO2分压下的腐蚀产物膜较完整致密,高CO2分压下的腐蚀产物膜局部容易破裂,对基体保护性下降,因此腐蚀速率随CO2分压升高而增大。当CO2/H2S分压比较低（200）时,腐蚀产物以FeS为主,腐蚀受H2S控制;此时在不同CO2分压条件下,腐蚀产物均较完整致密,因此腐蚀速率相对较低,并未随着CO2分压升高显著增大。结论 CO2分压对CO2/H2S腐蚀速率的影响与CO2/H2S分压比密切相关,海底管道材料选择不仅要考虑CO2分压的影响,还要考虑CO2/H2S分压比的影响。     

在湿H2S环境中金属腐蚀行为和机理研究概述

概述了金属在湿H2S环境中的腐蚀破坏类型、腐蚀机理、实验研究方法和影响因素，探讨了湿H2S的定义，提出：在区分溶液H2S和薄液H2S腐蚀的基础上，加强湿H2S环境下腐蚀机理、高温高压湿H2S条件下的腐蚀开裂行为和机理、阳极溶解和HIC的相互关系的研究；发展和规范湿H2S环境下设备腐蚀破坏的检测方法和相关的工业标准，开展H2S环境下寿命预测和安全评估技术工作；完善室内模拟湿H2S环境下腐蚀实验技术.      

H2 S 对油气管材的腐蚀及防护研究综述

随着石油天然气工业的迅速发展,酸性气体引起的油气管材腐蚀问题日益突出,尤其是H2S引起的腐蚀广泛存在,严重影响着油气开采及输送管道和炼制加工设备的使用寿命。综述了H2S对油气管材腐蚀的机理、影响因素及防护方法,探讨了温度、H2S分压、p H值、流速、Cl-浓度、CO2分压及管材材质等因素对H2S腐蚀的影响,建立了H2S腐蚀速率预测模型并对其进行了相关分析,对H2S腐蚀防护方法进行了评述。最后,简述了H2S腐蚀的研究现状及发展趋势。     

套管钢在模拟碳酸盐岩环境中的腐蚀寿命预测

通过模拟碳酸盐岩油田的腐蚀环境,研究了套管钢T95、110S在H2S和CO2共存环境中的腐蚀行为.在均匀腐蚀速率基础上,结合套管的抗外挤、抗内压和抗拉强度对套管钢T95和110S在井下的腐蚀寿命进行预测.分别计算套管在受到外挤、内压和拉力共同作用下的腐蚀寿命,计算的最小值即为套管寿命.结果表明:在CO2分压为1.1MPa,H2S分压为0.7MPa时,腐蚀产物主要是铁的硫化物,腐蚀由H2S控制,没有出现典型CO2的腐蚀产物FeCO3.     

油气田H2S腐蚀体系模拟方法探究

通过两种方法向反应釜内引入H2S气体模拟含H2S油气田腐蚀体系:一是使用钢瓶直接通入H2S,二是通过化学反应间接生成H2S。在高压釜内研究了20#钢在这两种不同方法引入H2S体系中腐蚀情况的差异。通过失重法和电化学法研究了两种方法下20#钢的腐蚀速率及腐蚀机理;通过SEM观察腐蚀形貌;并利用EDS分析腐蚀产物的组成。结果表明:20#钢在由化学反应产生H2S模拟油气田环境中的腐蚀速率为0.1077 mm/a,腐蚀产物膜粗糙、疏松。而其在直接导入H2S模拟油气田环境中的腐蚀速率为0.0518 mm/a,腐蚀产物膜均匀、致密、平整,接近现场实际情况。即H2S的导入方法对油气田模拟腐蚀体系的建立有重要的影响。从科学研究角度看,直接通入H2S法能更好地模拟含H2S油气田腐蚀体系。     

油气钻井工程中的腐蚀防护及一种新的防护方法

油气田勘探开发中金属设备的腐蚀类型主要有应力腐蚀、腐蚀疲劳、硫化物应力腐蚀开裂和点腐蚀等,目前国内外的研究主要集中在CO2、H2S和CO2/H1S的腐蚀与防护方面,主要有材料选择、钻井液的控制以及防腐蚀涂层等.介绍了一种新的防护方法-陶瓷复膜,试验结果表明,该方法极大地提高了工件的耐腐蚀性能,具有广阔的应用前景.     

不同腐蚀介质中16Mn钢高温高压腐蚀行为的比较

采用高压釜研究了16Mn钢在含有CO2与CO2+H2S介质的NACE(5wt%NaCl+0.5wt%CH3COOH)溶液中的高温高压腐蚀行为,利用失重法计算了腐蚀速率,通过SEM,XRD,EPMA等手段分析了腐蚀产物的成分及结构。结果表明:CO2腐蚀产物主要为Fe3C;CO2+H2S腐蚀产物主要为FeS,60℃时有FeCO3形成,腐蚀主要显示以CO2腐蚀为主的点蚀特征,90~120℃时,腐蚀系统以H2S腐蚀为主导,腐蚀产生的鼓泡、阶梯状裂纹是CO2与H2S协同作用的结果,CO2会增大H2S腐蚀的敏感性,使腐蚀产生氢损伤的温度提高。     

炼油工业中H_2S的腐蚀

综述了含H2 S介质中材料的各种腐蚀形态 ,阐述了H2 S腐蚀发生的机理和影响因素 (外部环境 ,材料条件等 ) .介质温度和浓度对腐蚀有较大的影响 ;腐蚀过程中析出的H是引起SSCC的重要因素 ;硬度、夹杂和带状组织降低材料对H2 S腐蚀开裂的阻力 .     

铀合金的大气腐蚀和应力腐蚀研究

概述了U-0．75Ti铀合金在典型大气环境中长期曝露和贮存时的腐蚀行为及应力腐蚀敏感性研究的一些主要结果，得到了铀合金在长期贮存条件下，能够长期保持极低的腐蚀速率和不存在明显的大气应力腐蚀的重要规律。讨论了铀合金在不同环境条件下的大气腐蚀的主要特点、规律和环境影响；讨论了铀合金大气应力腐蚀的特点、对环境条件的依存关系和有关的原因。     

Influence of steel-concrete interface condition on galvanic corrosion currents in carbonated concrete

This paper presents specific experiments which were developed in order to assess galvanic currents in macrocell corrosion specimens involving active steel in carbonated concrete and passive steel in sound concrete. The influence of the steel-concrete interface condition on the galvanic current was also experimentally investigated. To focus on macrocell corrosion rate assessment, the initiation time of the corrosion process (concrete carbonation) was accelerated. FEM simulations were carried out in order to enhance the physical comprehension of these corrosion experiments. It was found that, in realistic condition, the electrical coupling of active and passive steel areas leads to high galvanic currents and consequently high corrosion levels according to RILEM recommendation. Moreover, steel-concrete interfacial defaults significantly increase the macrocell driving potential and, therefore, the galvanic corrosion current.     

氯化液干燥器腐蚀分析和防护

本文分析了氮化苯氯化液干燥器的腐蚀原因、腐蚀状态及防范措施。     

油井二氧化碳腐蚀行为规律及研究进展

本文针对油井生产过程中存在的二氧化碳腐蚀机理进行论述,同时还深入探讨了介质组成、环境因素和材料组成三类因素对二氧化碳腐蚀的影响程度,并对国内外二氧化碳腐蚀的研究现状进行了分析与展望。鉴于井下二氧化碳腐蚀状况错综复杂,需在综合考察各因素的基础上建立油气井腐蚀分析、预测方法,以及开展相应的腐蚀防护措施。     

Monitoring of chloride-induced corrosion in steel rebars

Chloride-induced corrosion is very serious for steel rebar, because chloride-induced corrosion causes local disruption in the passive layer of the steel, forming surface pits. This paper proposes a novel corrosion monitoring method for steel rebars on the basis of the stress concentration in the plane stress condition caused by chloride-induced corrosion. The fundamentals of corrosion monitoring and the design concept of the proposed sensor are illustrated. The influence factors for corrosion monitoring are simulated to improve the sensitivity. Potentiostatic accelerated corrosion tests are conducted to evaluate the efficacy. The studies indicate that this indirect method for monitoring changes of physical properties caused by corrosion is effective. Influence factors in chloride-induced corrosion can be neglected, as compared with electrochemical techniques. The proposed corrosion monitoring method can provide useful information to evaluate the risk of corrosion initiation and propagation for steel rebars.     

Effect of Temper Condition on the Corrosion and Fatigue Performance of AA2219 Aluminum Alloy

The effect of temper condition and corrosion on the fatigue behavior of alloy AA2219 has been investigated in different temper conditions (T87 and T851). Corrosion testing was performed by exposing the tensile specimens to 3.5% NaCl solution for different time periods, and the corrosion damage was quantified using a 3D profilometer. The exposure-tested specimens were subjected for fatigue testing at different stress levels, and the reduction in fatigue life was measured along with detailed fracture morphology variations. The results indicated that the alloy in both tempers suffers localized corrosion damage and the measured corrosion depth was 120 and 1200 µm, respectively, for T87 and T851 conditions. The loss in fatigue strength was found to be high for T851 (67%) when compared to that of T87 temper condition (58%) for a pre-corrosion time of 15 days. In both cases, fatigue crack initiation is associated with corrosion pits, which act as stress raisers. However, the crack propagation was predominantly transgranular for T87 and a mixed transgranular and intergranular fracture in the case of T851 temper condition. This was shown to be due to the heterogeneous microstructure due to the thermomechanical working and the delay in quench time imposed on the alloy forging in T851 temper condition. The findings in this paper present useful information for the selection of appropriate heat treatment condition to facilitate control of the corrosion behavior which is of great significance for their fatigue performance.     

X65钢海底管道在CO2/H2S腐蚀环境下的适用性

利用高温高压反应釜模拟试验和电化学测试,研究了X65钢海底管道在CO2/H2S环境下的耐蚀性。结果表明,不加缓蚀剂条件下,X65钢在总压为0.25MPa时的平均腐蚀速率及局部腐蚀风险与总压为0.7MPa时相比,均显著降低。添加100mg/L的缓蚀剂,X65钢的腐蚀速率显著降低,缓蚀效果较好;电化学测试与模拟试验结果一致。降压至0.25MPa分离出部分腐蚀性气体后再输送可大大降低内腐蚀风险,结合缓蚀剂措施,该腐蚀环境下可选择X65钢海底管道输送油气。     

Kinetik der mit Wasserstoff- bzw. Sauerstoffdepolarisation verlaufenden Korrosion von Eisen

Kinetics of the corrosion of iron accompained by hydrogen or oxygen depolarisation The paper brings a critical review of research work devoted to the problem of corrosion of iron in aqueous solutions, free from oxygen as well as aerated. The relationship is discussed between corrosion rate on the one hand, on the other hand, the p_H value, the composition of the solution, the admixtures contained in the iron, the structure of the latter, and the condition of the surface of the test specimens. As regards corrosion associated with oxygen depolarisation, the paper also deals with the transport problems. The authors emphasize that the results obtained by different methods are liable to differ from each other.     

现代化城市建设与腐蚀防护

为了创造舒适优美的生活空间,人们正在加快现代化城市建设。为此,需要解决一系列的技术问题,其中之一就是要解决城市现代化设施,例如,电视发射塔、微波发现塔、高级宾馆、居民公寓以及通往各户的水、电、暖气、煤气的运输管线等在建设中和使用中的腐蚀问题。通过各种防护技术,进行腐蚀控制、防止这些设施发生故障、引起事故,尽可能延长其使用寿命,以达到高效使用、安全运行、长期为人类服务的目的。本文站在腐蚀科学和表面工     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的耐腐蚀性

研究了Ti（C,N）基金属陶瓷在5％HNO3、50％NaOH溶液中的耐腐蚀性能,对比了金属陶瓷与YG8硬质合金在同种腐蚀介质中的耐蚀性优劣,并对金属陶瓷在5％HNO3溶液中的腐蚀形貌进行观察。试验结果表明：金属陶瓷有良好的耐酸碱腐蚀性能,其耐蚀性与粘结相的含量密切相关,粘结相的含量愈低,耐蚀性愈好;金属陶瓷的耐蚀性明显优于YG8硬质合金;金属陶瓷的腐蚀机理为钝化膜保护的电化学腐蚀。