新型多功能离子渗氮炉

介绍一种新型多功能离子渗氮炉,与传统的离子渗氮炉相比,具有节能、保温性能好、升温快、冷却快、温度均匀性好、维修保养方便、承重能力强、功能多等优点。     

长轴、薄板状工件渗氮畸变因素分析及控制措施

通过总结长轴、薄板状工件在离子渗氮后的变形规律,结合离子渗氮加热方式及钟罩式离子渗氮炉的炉温特性,分析得出长轴、薄板在离子渗氮过程中的受力状况。然后通过改进工件装炉方式、增加辅助阴极及控制升温速度等手段,消除长轴、薄板状在炉中产生的应力,可以大大降低渗氮畸变,甚至达到零畸变。     

电气煅烧炉炉体结构优化研究

在了解电气煅烧炉结构基础上,对煅烧炉炉体热平衡过程进行了计算。基于对现场生产时炉壁表面的温度和多年的实际工作经验,提出了优化炉体结构,并对改造前、后炉壁表面进行实际温度的测量,通过理论计算得出炉壁的散热损失的比值。指出了增加炉体内部的保温,能减少热损失,提高炉内的有效热能,也可有效提高炉内的温度,设备的产能提高,大大降低了产品的成本。     

离子轰击膏剂渗硼试验

通过增加辅助阴极,提高无附加热源的离子渗氮炉的升温速度和使用温度,以满足离子渗硼的需要,对以硼铁为供硼剂的渗硼膏剂进行试验,选出在本试验条件下的最佳渗硼膏剂。利用此膏剂,对45钢在850℃×3h条件下进行离子渗硼,得到180μm厚的渗硼层。     

新型离子源控制电路

阐述了一种离子源的新型控制电路,根据了子渗氮炉,离子渗碳炉,离子渗金属炉工况的特点,本电路采用了独特的控制方式,大量使用了性能优良的５５５时基片,该控制电路结构简单,工作可靠,调整方便,性能优良。     

阴极电压和供氮方式对纯氮离子渗氮的影响

分别研究了在500、600、650和700 V阴极电压条件下采用连续供气抽真空和间歇供氮闭炉的方式进行纯氮离子渗氮的工艺及机理.通过对间歇供氮闭炉离子渗氮层显微组织、相组成和硬度梯度的测定与分析,计算和验证了该工艺中N2分子临界离解能.结果表明,纯氮离子渗氮的活性氮原子来自于经阴极位降区加速的高能N 2与中性N2分子间的非弹性碰撞,离解N2分子的N 2离子临界能为48.64 eV,相应的阴极电压门槛值为650 V.纯氮离子渗氮工艺除要求阴极电压高于650 V外,间歇供气闭炉渗氮也是必备条件,在一定温度和足够高的阴极电压下,只有采用间歇供氮闭炉方式进行离子渗氮,从N2分子才能离解出足够多的活性氮原子,使试样表面产生明显的渗氮效果.     

柴油机曲轴的离子渗氮工艺改进

采用脉冲式离子渗氮炉对柴油机曲轴进行了辉光离子渗氮处理。试验表明，在渗氮炉中放入含La、Ce的混合稀土，或在离子渗氮过程中通入少量CO2气体，都能明显促进离子渗氮，提高曲轴的耐磨性。     

井式炉炉壁砌体的优化设计

采用非稳态炉壁传热的数学模型计算井式炉炉壁砌体材料的热损失，应用计算机规程，优化原理对不同材料组合的炉墙进行了优化设计，求出最佳炉墙厚度尺寸。经实践验证可可减少热损失10%左右，并节省了筑炉材料。     

稀土Ce和C原子对20CrMnTi钢渗氮层的影响

通过在离子渗氮炉的阴极盘上放置少量的稀土Ce和椰壳活性炭C,采用循环变温工艺对调质后的20Cr Mn Ti钢进行离子渗氮。设计了几种渗氮工艺作为对比,经过试验和检测发现:同时加入稀土Ce和活性炭的离子渗氮工艺处理后的试样渗氮层厚度和表层硬度明显高于单独加稀土Ce或活性炭的工艺;稀土Ce能够同时促进C和N原子在20Cr Mn Ti钢中的扩散速度;C原子的加入有助于20Cr Mn Ti钢中ε相的增多,而稀土Ce的加入却阻碍了ε相的增多;     

LDMC-100离子渗氮炉工件均衡传动机构设计

以LDMC-100型等离子体渗氮炉为应用平台,设计研制了一种工件均衡传动机构.介绍了其机构组成,分析了装置工作原理,探讨了其机械运动均匀性.均衡装置采用了行星轮系传动,支承机构单轴独立承重.通过选择主从动齿轮齿数,或改变渗氮炉动力输入速度,从而控制渗氮周期等措施来保证渗氮效果.     

高效节能环保渗碳渗氮技术

介绍了四个内容：（1）新型高效、节能、环保渗碳技术,主要包括预抽真空双室多用炉和气氛控制装置,与通常的气体渗碳相比,渗碳速度更快,内氧化、渗碳气体消耗量及 CO2排放量大大减少;（2）控制气氛真空渗碳炉,该炉采用热传导探头和氧探头双探头进行碳势的闭环控制,可实施真空渗碳、气冷、重新加热至850℃淬火的工艺过程,渗层均匀性好,并能有效消除积炭;（3）预抽真空精密控制气氛渗氮炉,该炉采用独特的温度和氮势精确控制系统,可取代QPQ 技术对普通碳钢进行渗氮氧化复合处理,提高其耐磨、耐蚀和疲劳性能;（4）活性屏等离子渗氮技术,其独特之处是,高压直流电源的负极接在真空室内的金属活性屏上,等离子体加热金属屏,由从屏上辐射的热量将工件加热到所需渗氮温度,解决了传统的直流等离子渗氮技术难以克服的工件打弧等问题。     

38CrMoAl主驱动齿轮低真空变压气体渗氮

本文介绍了用于钢件气体渗氮或氮碳共渗的WLV-Ⅰ型低真空变压表面处理多用炉的工作原理、结构及特点,并结合38CrMoAl钢主驱动齿轮的生产工艺特点和效果,分析讨论了提高产品质量和优化生产工艺的措施。实际生产使用表明:与普通炉相比,低真空变压热处理工艺装备及技术具有显著的节能、减排、快速、高质量、低成本的特点,是"老三炉"更新换代的理想产品。     

辉光离子氮化炉的改造

辉光离子氮化是机械加工行业对加工工件进行热处理的重要手段,氮化炉设备运行的好坏,直接影响到工件的热处理质量。介绍了辉光离子氮化炉的工作原理、改造方案及效果等。通过改造,该热处理炉的供电质量稳定,灭弧动作可靠,打弧时间缩短,氮化时间减少,工件氮化质量提高。     

Advantages of low pressure carburising and high pressure gas quenching technology in manufacturing

Abstract

Over the last decade, vacuum carburising in combination with high pressure gas quenching (HPGQ) has become a preferred technology in gear industry mainly in Europe and North America. Driven by cost savings in manufacturing of gears and shafts, the heat treatment process has gone into the focus of the manufacturers. The potential of savings in heat treatment is huge because the new technology allows the integration into the manufacturing chain of gears and shafts. With vacuum heat treatment furnaces is it possible to implement this integration into manufacturing. The advantages of vacuum technology are in particular: the absence of surface oxidation, the cold wall technology, the gas quenching technology, the reduced logistics, flexible reaction on the needs of production and the control of distortion. In parallel to the development of the new heat treat process, a second point came into the focus of manufacturers: the choice of material. The industry recognised that by choosing a slightly higher alloyed material, significant savings in the entire manufacturing chain can be realised: smaller grinding stock, faster carburising cycles, gas quenching with control of distortion, and ultimately the reduction/elimination of grinding- and straightening operations. Vacuum furnaces are flexible in their reaction to the production requirements. Only with these types of heat treatment furnaces is it possible to switch them off after use and save immediately energy and costs. This benefit was essential for the industry in 2008/09 during the world economic crisis. In the past, the automotive industry in Europe and North America mostly ran on conventional pusher type furnaces which must be kept on operating temperature even if only 50% of installed production capacity is needed. The vacuum furnace of type ModulTherm is a multi-chamber system and each chamber can be switched On or Off according to the production plan which finally saves a huge amount of cost for energy. This paper presents the advantages of the vacuum carburising technology with high pressure gas quenching. The author will demonstrate with examples and comparisons the benefits of vacuum technology and the successfully integration of heat treatment in the manufacturing chain.     

Controlled Hollow Cathode Effect: New Possibilities for Heating Low-Pressure Furnaces

The uncontrolled hollow cathode effect may arise in dc plasma surface treatment (nitriding, nitrocarburizing, etc.) of steel parts having small-diameter holes or narrow channels. This may cause nonuniform heating of a part or a batch consisting of parts with markedly different surface/mass ratios. It has been noticed that if the hollow cathode effect is made controllable, it becomes suitable for heating in low-pressure or vacuum furnaces. Additional advantages can be obtained by combining the controlled effect of the hollow cathode with “active screen” plasma treatment due to the removal of the negative influence of the formed arc, of the heating nonuniformity, and of edge effect, as well as by controlling the cathode sputtering. Some experimental results on the topic are presented and the possibilities of application of the effect in industry are outlined.     

在VDR渗氮炉中进行的真空脉冲渗氮

在VRD渗氮炉中对H13、Crl2MoV和45钢进行真空脉冲渗氮,采用氮气和氨气作渗剂,渗氮温度为540℃,渗氮零件有冲头、凹模、热锻模等。VRD真空脉冲渗氮炉配备有计算机控制系统、排气系统、特殊的搅拌风机和密封装置以及冷却系统。在VRD渗氮炉中进行真空脉冲渗氮具有渗速快、渗层均匀、渗层脆性小以及废气不污染环境等优点。     

燃气式真空热处理炉技术研究开发及应用

本文概论述了燃气式真空炉技术的发展概况，重点阐述了燃气式真空炉的主要炉型，结构及特点，以及蓄热式辐射管燃气真空炉技术的特点，HTAC烧嘴结构，炉内温度分布，热平衡计算和NOx特性等，同时简介了电炉和燃气真空炉的技术经济效益比较，并对我国高温空气燃烧技术和天然气燃气处理技术设备的研究开发和推广应用进行了探讨。     

VKA-D真空渗氮回火多功能炉及其控制系统

VKA-D系列真空渗氮、回火多功能炉为马弗密闭结构,通过预抽真空实现全过程无氧化处理,从而提高工件的渗氮质量;采用内外双冷却系统,实现冷却速度可控,并提高生产效率.采用独特的控温装置和氢探头、质量流量计等实现温度和氮势的精确闭环控制.该设备已成功用于轴套、齿圈和某些精密零件的气体渗氮或气体氮碳共渗.