国外非正规聚落的改造模式与借鉴

正规住房部门的高门槛促进了非正规住房部门的发展,非正规住房作为低收入阶层可支付的住房类型,成为发展中国家城市正规住房市场的重要补充.但作为规划缺失状态下自发形成的居住形态,非正规聚落给发展中国家的城市管理带来了巨大的挑战.通过系统分析国外非正规聚落改造的主要模式及措施,总结改造过程中涉及的关键问题与解决方式,以期为国内城中村等非正规聚落的改造与城市管治提供借鉴.     

特大城市城中村非正规住房租赁市场分析——以广州大学城为例

为了深入了解特大城市城中村非正规住房租赁市场目前的现状以及存在的问题,本文以广州大学城四个城中村的租赁市场为研究区域,开展相关调查访问,分析非正规住房租赁市场的状况。通过分析广州大学城城中村非正规住房租赁市场的结构特点,发现其市场结构存在市场集中度低、产品差别度较低、由村民主导的租赁模式成本较低,租赁经营退出困难等问题。针对存在问题,提出提高住房质量、加强租赁经营管理等建议。     

中国大城市非正规住房与社区营造:类型、机制与应对

中国大城市在经济快速发展和城镇化进程中,出现了十分多元的非正规现象。以往对非正规居住空间的研究主要聚焦于城中村,本文试图从更为综合的社区视角,对包括住房、服务设施和公共空间的非正规社区空间进行研究,以丰富对非正规性理论与实践的认识,并为理解非正规经济提供社区日常生活的视角。首先,基于对中外非正规居住现象的比较,提出"准入—使用—运行"的分析框架,并从政府职能和市民需求结合的角度,阐释非正规居住现象产生的原因。其次,对计划经济时代以来的传统街区、商品房社区和流动人口社区三类典型社区的非正规现象及其特征进行解读。最后,提出非正规居住和社区营造的规划治理对策。     

城中村居住形态特征研究——以南通市城东村为例

以典型的城中村案例南通市“城东村”为例,通过采用实地勘察、访谈及问卷等方法,对城东村的整体居住形态进行一定的分析研究.以期从城市建筑的角度,分别从规划层面、建筑层面与空间环境层面出发,对其居住形态特征作出总结归纳,为城中村的发展提供理论依据.     

快速城市化地区“城中村”非正规部门与“城中村”改造——深圳市蔡屋围、渔民村的案例研究

本文分析了"城中村"非正规部门的特征和形成原因,指出快速工业化和城市化、正规供给渠道不畅、规划的缺失、管理的不到位等因素是目前深圳非正规部门主要集中在"城中村"的主要原因,由此引发对蔡屋围的综合整治和渔民村的全面改造两种改造模式的反思.从宏观看,现有改造多是从实施规划的角度考虑,而规划往往注重物质规划、轻社会因素,这种重物质景观的改造模式过于简单化;从房地产开发的角度看,.城中村"村民出租房屋的非正规经济活动是一种房地产开发行为,渔民村的全面改造还不能满足低收入群体的住房需求,蔡屋围的综合整治模式应是主体改造模式,不同改造模式可以同步推进;从社区的角度看,"城中村"属于一种类型的社区,"城中村"改造应在社区规划的指导下进行.最后,对如何通过"城中村"改造使非正规部门正规化和社区规划等问题进行了思考,提出"城中村"改造可以将村民视为房地产开发的主体之一,将其纳入正规房地产市场体系,将社区规划纳入城市规划体系.     

基于Logistic的外来务工人员住房保障意愿影响因素研究——以广州为例

基于广东省广州市 2017 年 2164 名外来务工人员的问卷调查数据,对来穗务工人员的个人特征、居住特征以及住房保障需求意愿等因素进行 Logistics 回归分析。发现年龄、月收入、来穗务工年长、留穗计划、住房满意度和住房类型六大因素对其保障意愿影响显著。建议以“租购并举”的住房制度为契机,综合考虑不同类型的外来务工人员住房需求意愿,设计多元化住房保障产品,并规范租赁市场,整治城中村,发展产权式保障房。     

拥挤空间中的居住行为分析——以深圳城中村为例

随着城市化发展的深入,健康的人居环境和城中村的改造是城市发展的重要环节。笔者以深圳市福田村为例,采用实地勘察,访谈等方法,对城中村的人口特征、居住现状进行分析。研究了城中村高密度拥挤空间形成的深层次原因以及拥挤机制下的居住行为心理表现,提出了以公共空间为切入点的城中村改造措施,减少拥挤负面影响,营造新的城中村社区。     

转型语境下深圳保障性住房建设观察与思考

深圳作为人口倒挂问题突出的城市,日益高昂的房价、巨大的住房缺口成为留住人才、促进产业升级、城市转型的重要制约。回顾深圳住房发展历程与特征,分析了目前深圳保障性住房建设过程中出现的需求结构矛盾鲜明、空间供给制约突出、分配机制有失弹性公平3方面的核心问题。基于以上问题,以社会公平为导向,对转型语境下的保障性住房如何建设进行了针对性探讨,进而指出深圳在转型期间保障性住房政策的创新集中体现在服务人群扩展、空间配置引导、管理机制完善3个方面。具体而言,通过鼓励以需定建,满足不同阶层的住房需求;拓宽住房供给,优化保障性住房空间分布;制定准入退出机制,维护保障性住房社会公平。     

农民工视角下的我国廉租住房发展模式研究————以重庆公租房与深圳城中村的住房模式为例

公租房和城中村出租屋是中国城镇化进程中两种常见的廉租住房类型，它们为大量进城的农民工提供了在城市中的生息之所，在推动经济发展和维护社会稳定中起到了关键作用。选取分析重庆和深圳这两个城市的廉租住房社区在地理空间分布、空间结构形态、社会人群结构及商业配套服务四个方面的比较，从农民工的视角探讨了哪种居住模式更能有效促进农民工群体的城镇化和可持续发展，展示了对于廉租住房及其社区生活认知的多样性，以期为我国其他类型的廉租住房建设提供新的思考。     

城市非正规发展与治理

<正>叶裕民(中国城市规划学会常务理事,学会城乡规划实施学术委员会副主任委员。中国人民大学公共管理学院教授。本学术对话主席):由传统城市化道路所决定,我国发达大城市边缘区普遍存在着"城中村环","城中村环"中存在有大规模的非正规住房是我国非正规空间的主体形态,并以此支撑了大量的非正规经济的发展。长期以来,我国各类城中村更新模式均具     

海口城市住宅开发的思考

城市住宅在我国目前的发展时期里一直是城市开发的重要产业,也是关系到城市发展、产业经济、社会稳定的重要因素。通过对海口、深圳这两个我国的经济特区城市住宅开发建设的比较研究,从城市居住主体、住宅市场发展等方面探讨海口城市开发中存在的问题。     

基于通勤特征的深圳市城中村职住关系研究

本文选取深圳市14个居住型城中村作 为案例,基于手机信令数据分析城中村的通勤特 征,探讨其与就业的职住关系模式。研究发现, 城中村的通勤特征呈现出了显著的区位差异性： 从通勤距离看,城边村最长,城内村次之,城外 村最短;从通勤方向看,城内村和区位条件较好 的城边村具有较强的市中心指向,而城外村的 通勤多局限于外围区。结合深圳的就业空间布局 特征,研究归纳了不同区位城中村的职住关系模 式,分析职住空间错配的表现,进而提出优化职 住空间格局的政策建议,包括针对不同区位的城 中村制定差异化的空间引导政策,以及在城市中 心区外培育非工业类就业中心等。     

Residential Distribution of the Emergent Class of Skilled Migrants in Nanjing

Migration in China is traditionally dominated by unskilled rural-urban migrants that find their way into the city through urban villages, dormitories or informal housing. However, a remarkable increase in the number of skilled migrants has been witnessed with the economic restructuring. Reforms in the labour and housing market have shifted the spatial arrangement of opportunities, consequently changing migrants' access to the cities. Using 2000 Population Census and employing spatial regression models, this study shows skilled migrants to have better access to the city in the sense that their residences locate in the areas with more professional jobs and better houses. It is their advantages in the labour market that determines their favoured access to the public sector housing, resulting in better residential locations. Female skilled migrants are less likely than males to settle in areas with a large proportion of urban village housing or shared accommodation. These findings reveal the heterogeneity among migrants and the concomitant differences in spatial behaviour.     

Characteristics and Causes of the Spatial Evolution of Urban Villages:A Case Study of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone

Studies on the renovation and governance of urban villages have become the interest of human geography since the 1990s.However up to now,there is little literature focusing on the development patterns and dynamic mechanism of the spatial evolution of urban villages based on the theoretical system of urban spatial structure,and there are few scholars doing analyses on the relationship between urban villages and general urban areas in terms of spatial development.In this paper,Shenzhen,the most representative city of China in terms of urban village development,is taken as a case for exploring the characteristics and modes of the spatial evolution of urban villages.With census data of urban village construction in 1999 and 2004 in terms of built-up area,floor area,and construction intensity,the spatial and temporal evolution of the 91 administrative urban villages in the original Shenzhen Special Economic Zone have been analyzed in comparison with that of Shenzhen’s general urban areas.It is indicated that the spatial evolution of urban villages matches with the general rules of the spatial development of general urban areas in three aspects.First,land expansion is the most remarkable mode of spatial evolution in the early stage of development;second,in the period of rapid development,there is the obvious tendency of "distance-decay" in terms of construction intensity accompanied by some anomalous fluctuations at certain points;third,renewal and redevelopment are carried out gradually in the mature stage of development.However,because of historical and institutional restrictions,the spatial evolution of urban villages shows its unique characteristics in the aspects of original spatial distribution and spatial expansion mode in the period of rapid development,etc.The outcomes of this study would help not only enrich the theoretical study on the evolution mode of urban spatial structure,but also strengthen the administration over urban villages,in particular with the suggestions that the spatial evolution of urban villages as a type of urban space should not be the same as that of general urban areas and its unique characteristics should not be ignored;specific rules should be set up to guide the rational spatial evolution of urban villages according to the economic development of the city,as well as the housing demands of various kinds of residents.     

转型时期深圳的城市发展策略

经济全球化进一步改变了世界城市发展格局,新的世界城市体系正在形成,城市间竞争的内涵、广度与深度也随之发生着深刻的变化,城市发展战略的作用正日益凸显。我国许多大中城市也开展了各种层面的战略规划,本文以深圳市为例,在充分分析深圳城市发展的特点和问题的基础上,详细介绍了深圳市在三个不同层面上的发展战略规划(《深圳市高新技术产业带规划》、《深圳2030城市发展策略》和《深圳航空城综合发展规划》),体现了深圳作为改革开放的先发城市,在城市面临发展的总体转型时期对新型发展道路的探索。     

Urbanizing villages: informal morphologies in Shenzhen’s urban periphery

The phenomenon of urban villages in China has received much scholarly attention in recent years, mostly about their socio-economic aspects and its role in accommodating rural migrants. While the link between the socio-economic functioning and the morphology of urban villages has been recognized, detailed spatial research, and morphological research in particular, is limited. Morphological research has generally focused on either rural villages or centrally located urban villages and much of the peri-urbanity that constitutes the majority of informal development in China remains under-researched. This paper explores the morphologies of urbanizing villages in Shenzhen’s urban periphery, with a particular focus on the distinctions between the old village core and newly built expansions. The paper opens up a series of questions about the morphology and morphogenetic processes of these villages and establishes a framework for future enquiry. How do we understand the informalized planning mechanisms in urban villages? How do we explain the morphological variation of urban villages? Are the processes that characterize urban villages restricted to the Chinese context or is there scope for regional comparison?     

Social Groups and Housing Differentiation in China's Urban Villages: An Institutional Interpretation

Possessing different land rights and distinct landscapes, and separated from the rest of the city by invisible institutional boundaries, China's urban villages are unusual enclaves for landless farmers, rural migrants and other urban hukou (citizenship rights) holders in a period of rapid urbanization. Although urban villages are well known for their disorder and unruliness, they provide temporary livelihood for indigenous villagers and inexpensive shelter for migrants and other urban residents. Urban villages are typically perceived as homogeneous low-income neighbourhoods characterized by low quality and high density housing. In fact, housing differentiation has emerged in urban villages among residents who possess different quantities and types of capital, rights/entitlements, skills and other assets. This paper aims to understand the social groups and the housing differentiation among them in the Chinese urban villages from an institutional perspective. It is based on a large-scale household survey in 11 urban villages in six Chinese cities. Empirical data show evidence of significant housing differentiation within these enclaves: indigenous villagers have become a petty rentier class; rural migrants pay the highest rents while enduring the lowest housing conditions; and housing conditions for urban hukou holders lie between those of the other two groups. Regression analysis suggests that urban villages share similar dynamics of housing differentiation as wider urban spaces, i.e. the combination of strong institutional constraints and emerging market influences leads to housing differentiation and inequality. Residents in urban villages are also highly mobile. The inflows and outflows of population form an important part of the urban socio-spatial restructuring process.     

Spatial variation of in-migration to Moscow: Testing the effect of housing market

The collapse of state socialism and the introduction of market relationships in Central and Eastern Europe resulted in profound changes of urban development. Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe indicates that the development of a strong housing market and growing material inequalities contribute to the socio-economic polarization of city districts and residential segregation. Based on empirical data, we analyze spatial variation of migrants' first residential choices within Moscow, i.e. intensity of in-migration to a specific district. We test the theory-driven hypotheses about the association between residential choices and housing prices. Our results show that there are some areas that attract migrants of specific socio-economic status. However, housing prices do not explain a substantial share of variance in the intensities of in-migration, at least at the level of city districts; quite a strong association is only evident for foreign migrants. Thus, we find limited evidence of the Moscow' socio-spatial structure polarization due to the residential choices of migrants.     

深圳市老旧住宅区和城中村燃气管道建设研究

探讨深圳市老旧住宅区和城中村燃气管道建设的可行性、建设条件、存在的问题,提出了建议。