善用麻辣的川味复合调味料

复合调味料代表了世界调味品行业发展的新趋势,目前我国复合调味料已进入快速成长期,其中川味复合调味料,以麻辣味、半固态、发酵型的鲜明地方风格从占全国80%以上的膏状、粉状和液态复合调味料中脱颖而出,自成一家。该文从川味善用麻辣的由来、川味中常见的辣、麻味型、重要的川味复合调味料基料、几款知名的麻辣川味复合调味料等方面阐述了川味复合调味料的特征。     

我国复合调味料的研究进展

复合调味料是以两种或两种以上调味料为主要原料制成的产品。与传统调味料相比,复合调味料代表了世界调味品行业发展的新趋势,具有便于贮藏、使用方便、安全卫生等特点,必将成为我国调味品发展的主流。综述了复合调味料在我国的研究现状及川味复合调味料的开发和生产现状。     

素食型调味料生产工艺配方及应用

素食调味料通常用于家庭烹调食品的调味,应用范围较广,从饮食健康方面比通常调味料极具优势。随着我国食品工业的发展,食品必然走科学化的发展方向,利用天然植物作为食品原料,不添加任何化学添加剂,把素食制品的特色概念由色、香、味、美上升到追求营养、方便的高度,使国人的传统食欲转变到绿色、无公害、营养健康的方向上来。     

日本天然调味料的发展过程研究开发和市场动向

近年来,消费者对食品追求高档化和天然物的意向不断增长,天然调味料已经连续数年以20％的速率在增加。对食品风味有重要作用的提取物,加上能引出复杂味道的酵母提取物以及最新的对改善风味有功能的发酵型调味料和能引出调理感的烹调专用调味料的研究和开发尤为盛行。本文将介绍最近几年中从基础调味料到附加价值较高的加工调味料的发展过程、加工厂商的研究开发和天然调味料的市场动向,以供我国发展新型调味料参考。     

固体无渣麻辣火锅调味料的配方及生产方法

一、前言一种固体无渣麻辣火锅调味料的配方及生产方法,以牛骨髓油、猪油、植物油,猪,虾,鸡肉精粉为原料,通过合理添加味素、肉桂,丁香精粉和芝麻、花椒、孜然精油等,主要工艺过程是,选料、配料,定量、包装,成品等,具有营养丰富,产品迅速被水溶解,无渣质量等特点,适用宾馆、饭店和家庭食用。     

贵州辣椒系列调味料剖析

概述了贵州辣椒系列调味料源于民间,由家庭自制自食到商品化,由单一调味料到复合调味料,由作坊式的生产到具有规模的现代化生产,在近20余年时间,将小产品做成了大市场,产品出口19个国家和地区的发展历程.     

日本料酒及类似料酒调味料的现状及其开发动向

从日本料酒调味料的发展现状看,近年来日本对料酒调味料在烹调中的作用进行了深入研究,在许多调味料消费量基木平稳的情况下,唯有料酒调味料以2～5%增加。并根据料酒调味料的生产工艺、产品,提出原料、工艺、产品的开发动向。     

模糊数学综合感官评价调味料酒的应用研究

以色泽、香气、滋味、体态为评价因素,对四种调味料酒产品进行了模糊数学综合感官评价,结果表明:四种调味料酒感官评定从高到低为752346,568647,该法能客观地区分出调味料酒的优劣。     

日本调味品产销近况

一、酱油及调味料自七十年代开始,日本人的饮食习惯发生了很大变化,开始朝西洋化方向发展。作为调味料也出现了“西高东低”,即具有西洋风味的调味料畅销,而传统的酿造产品却停滞不前。例如日本传统的酱油和豆酱生产,以1970年生产指数为100,酱油1982年的生产指数为105.7,豆酱1982年的生产指数仅103.6,上升     

浅述方便米粉调味料的开发方向

针对市场上近年来出现的方便米粉存在的不足，从方便米粉调味料的角度出发，分析了市场上方便米粉调味料的现状及著名传统米粉－桂林米粉、云南过桥米线的风味特征，并以此为出发点，提出了方便米粉调味料的开发方向应注重的五个方面。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.