苜蓿食用价值的研究及应用

苜蓿中含有叶蛋白、膳食纤维、维生素、矿物质、活性多糖等营养成分,本文对苜蓿的营养价值和保健作用进行了综述。目前各种苜蓿食品得到广泛开发利用,苜蓿作为功能性食品的开发利用具有广阔的前景。     

苜蓿在食品中的应用

阐述了苜蓿的营养成分、价值功能及其在食品中的应用的可能性,分析了发展苜蓿食品存在的问题,并提出了解决方案,最后展望了苜蓿食品发展的前景.     

苜蓿食品的开发应用

从苜蓿的食用价值、营养成分及其初级加工和深加工食品方面进行综述,并提出了制约其发展的因素,展望苜蓿在食品工业中的应用前景。     

辣木籽营养成分及提取工艺研究进展

辣木籽是辣木树的种子,富含油脂、蛋白质、多糖、纤维素、维生素、矿物元素等营养成分,具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗癌等生物活性,是一种极具开发前景的新资源食品。综述辣木籽的营养成分、生物活性以及提取工艺,探讨辣木籽在食品应用方面的发展趋势和开发价值。     

马铃薯营养特性及其功能性产品开发研究进展

马铃薯是世界第四大粮食作物,具有产量高、对环境适应能力强、种质资源丰富的特点。同时,马铃薯所含优质营养成分较高,其功能特性对人体健康也极其重要,因此,马铃薯受到了食品加工行业的广泛关注,深入研究马铃薯中的营养成分对食品工业、食品开发等行业均具有良好的意义。在此基础上,为了提高马铃薯在功能性食品开发方面的利用价值,本研究首先从马铃薯淀粉、蛋白、矿物质和膳食纤维等营养成分出发,概述其营养特性及在马铃薯中所占含量,深入分析了马铃薯的降血糖、抗菌和抗癌等生理功能,并进一步总结了马铃薯制品和马铃薯特色产品等功能性马铃薯食品的研究现状,讨论了目前马铃薯食品加工行业存在的问题并提出了相应的建议,旨在为功能性马铃薯食品的开发和产业化提供参考。     

功能食品呈现大市场

随着经济的发展和科学的进步，人们不再满足于“食能果腹”，追求食品的原汁原味和固有的营养成分，而是研究和开发对人类健康更加科学有益的多功能保健食品。功能食品通过科学的现代加工工艺，以脱水、加热、加压、粉碎、酶化等物理、化学手段，既保留了传统食品中的营养成分，又能改变食品的生理活性功能，促进营养成分更合理、充分的利用，集保健、营养、医疗于一体，     

基于食药价值的辣木籽研究进展

辣木籽富含蛋白质、油脂、维生素、多糖、矿质元素等营养成分,具有多种药物活性,如抗氧化、抗菌、 抗癌、降血糖血脂、护肝等。其食用功能和药用价值使辣木籽成为极具开发前景的食品资源。本文基于辣木籽的主 要营养成分分析,系统综述了其药物特性、安全性及食品应用的研究进展,指出了目前辣木籽食品研究所存在的问 题,并对今后辣木籽研究的重点方向及其在食品领域的发展趋势作出展望,以期为国内辣木籽食品的科学应用和理 性开发提供借鉴。     

全谷物原料的营养特性及食品开发研究进展

全谷物含有丰富的营养成分和生物活性物质,是近些年来消费者关注的热点,全谷物食品比精细加工的谷物制品更具有营养价值和保健功能。本文就小麦、大麦、燕麦、糙米、荞麦、高粱、小米和藜麦等几种常见谷物原料的营养特性及产品研究进展进行了总结;对全谷物中不同营养成分的摄取对健康的益处和目前全谷物产品的开发现状进行了全面的概述,同时也归纳了全谷物食品开发目前所面临的问题并对全谷物食品的未来前景进行了展望。以期为全谷物在功能性食品开发中的应用提供理论参考。     

无花果营养成分及生物活性研究进展

无花果是一种药食两用型水果,口感酸甜、肉质软糯,深受消费者喜爱。无花果富含糖、氨基酸、多酚等营养成分,具有很高的营养价值。无花果具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降血脂等生物活性,是开发功能性食品的优质资源。本文对无花果的营养成分进行介绍,分析其抗氧化、降血脂、抗肿瘤、抗炎及抗菌等方面的生物活性,并对无花果的研究方向进行展望,旨在为无花果功能性食品的开发和产业化提供理论依据。     

红糖及其产品开发

红糖是一种非分蜜糖。在介绍红糖特点、营养成分和保健作用的基础上,探讨红糖在食品等领域的新产品开发及应用。     

强化营养素对小麦粉的灰分和含砂量的影响

为制定营养强化小麦粉国家标准,以几种典型的矿物质类营养强化剂(钙盐、铁和锌盐)为例,进行了营养强化小麦粉灰分指标的理论计算和实验验证,以此确定强化营养素对小麦粉灰分和含砂量的影响.     

The effects of postharvest treatment and chemical interactions on the bioavailability of ascorbic acid, thiamin, vitamin A, carotenoids, and minerals.

All recent health recommendations include admonitions to reduce calories, maintain desirable weight, reduce fat, increase complex carbohydrates, and ensure an adequate intake of nutrients. Such recommendations require that we know not only nutrient composition of foods, but also potential losses and decreased bioavailability due to postharvest treatment and chemical interactions. This article discusses in some detail the reactions of concern that cause such changes and their potential alleviation with several key nutrients. The nutrients discussed were chosen as a result of the conclusions of the Joint Nutrition Monitoring Report of the Department of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Obviously other choices could have been made, but the authors felt that the nutrients chosen--ascorbic acid, thiamin, vitamin A, carotenoids, calcium, and iron--were representative of a key profile of nutrients whose reactivity makes them vulnerable to losses in bioavailability, as well as being noted in the Joint Nutrition Monitoring Report.     

European consumers’ perceived importance of qualifying and disqualifying nutrients in food choices

Providing nutrition information through food labels is increasingly important in helping consumers making better informed food choices. Major questions are whether consumers perceive specific nutrients as valuable in food choices, and whether their perception differs for qualifying and disqualifying nutrients. Consumers placing high importance on nutrition are expected to use nutritional labels more. This paper reports on the perceived importance of qualifying nutrients (fibre, vitamins/minerals) and disqualifying nutrients (energy, fat, saturated fat, salt, sugars), and possible differences between consumer groups. A pan-European consumer survey (n = 4828) was conducted with samples representative for age, gender and region in Belgium, France, Italy, Norway, Poland and Spain. Overall, consumers perceive the nutritional value of foods as important when selecting foods, and even more important for qualifying than for disqualifying nutrients. Statistically significant but small differences are observed between countries. A higher perceived importance is reported by women, older respondents, dieters and more health conscious respondents. The effects of children in the household, education and BMI are very small. For age and gender compared to health consciousness, group differences are more significant regarding disqualifying nutrients than qualifying nutrients. Small effect sizes are found for dieting on the perceived importance of qualifying nutrients. Implications for nutrition policy makers and food industries are discussed.     

Variation in nutrients formulated and nutrients supplied on 5 California dairies

Computer models used in ration formulation assume that nutrients supplied by a ration formulation are the same as the nutrients presented in front of the cow in the final ration. Deviations in nutrients due to feed management effects such as dry matter changes (i.e., rain), loading, mixing, and delivery errors are assumed to not affect delivery of nutrients to the cow and her resulting milk production. To estimate how feed management affects nutrients supplied to the cow and milk production, and determine if nutrients can serve as indexes of feed management practices, weekly total mixed ration samples were collected and analyzed for 4 pens (close-up cows, fresh cows, high-milk-producing, and low-milk-producing cows, if available) for 7 to 12 wk on 5 commercial California dairies. Differences among nutrient analyses from these samples and nutrients from the formulated rations were analyzed by PROC MIXED of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Milk fat and milk protein percentages did not vary as much [coefficient of variation (CV) = 18 to 33%] as milk yield (kg; CV = 16 to 47 %) across all dairies and pens. Variability in nutrients delivered were highest for macronutrient fat (CV = 22%), lignin (CV = 15%), and ash (CV = 11%) percentages and micronutrients Fe (mg/kg; CV = 48%), Na (%; CV = 42%), and Zn (mg/kg; CV = 38%) for the milking pens across all dairies. Partitioning of the variability in random effects of nutrients delivered and intraclass correlation coefficients showed that variability in lignin percentage of TMR had the highest correlation with variability in milk yield and milk fat percentage, followed by fat and crude protein percentages. But, variability in ash, fat, and lignin percentages of total mixed ration had the highest correlation with variability in milk protein percentage. Therefore, lignin, fat, and ash may be the best indices of feed management to include effects of variability in nutrients on variability in milk yield, milk fat, and milk protein percentages in ration formulation models.     

黑莓原果汁及其果汁饮料加工

根据黑莓果实的组织结构及理化性状特点，比较了原果汁不同提取方法对所含成分的影响，提出了保持黑莓原有色泽、风味和营养成分的原果汁及其饮料生产工艺流程和技术条件。     

不同热处理方式对大豆液体制品品质的影响

大豆营养丰富,为了更好地摄取大豆中的营养,有效地消除大豆中的抗营养因子是关键。检测几种热处理方式得到的大豆液体制品中植酸、皂苷和胰蛋白酶抑制剂的含量变化,以及蛋白质、总氨基酸、游离氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物质的含量变化。结果表明,不同热处理方式对大豆液体制品中主要营养物质含量有一定影响。和其他热处理方法相比,采用125℃、0.135MPa破碎匀浆10min的方法处理大豆液体制品时,总蛋白及总氨基酸的含量略有提高,游离氨基酸中有的组分含量提高,有的组分含量有所下降;同时,该热处理方法可减少胰蛋白酶抑制剂、皂苷和植酸抗营养因子含量,其消除胰蛋白酶抑制剂和皂苷的效果十分明显。因此,125℃、0.135MPa处理10min是一种较为理想的热处理方式。     

运动营养对身体机能改善的研究进展

随着人们对健康越来越重视, 越来越多的民众开始注重体育锻炼, 而如何提高人体的运动机能, 成为国内外学者日益关注的焦点。运动营养是指运动食品中所含的对运动能力有所提高的一类营养物质。运动食品中的营养成分通常可以分为2类: 基本营养物质类, 活性或功能因子类。本文对当前国内外关于运动营养的研究进行了综述, 讨论了基本营养物质类如糖、蛋白质、脂肪等在运动机体中的代谢情况, 以及活性或功能因子类如咖啡因、牛磺酸、碳酸氢钠、植物活性物质等对人体运动机能的影响, 以期为运动营养产品的开发提供一定的理论指导依据。     

营养素对基因表达的调控作用

本文回顾了近年来营养素对基因表达调控作用的研究进展。大量研究表明，许多营养素对基因表达具有多水平、多层次的调控作用，一些营养素还通过激素、细胞因子或转录因子等间接调控基因的表达。随着研究的不断深入，营养素的作用将从分子水平上得到揭示。     

我国已批准注册特殊医学用途配方食品营养成分含量及科学性比对分析

目的 分析我国通过注册审批的特殊医学用途配方食品产品情况、食品标签及营养成分等特点。方法 收集整理截止2021年3月5日,国家市场监督管理总局发布的通过注册审批的特殊医学用途配方食品产品相关信息及食品标签数据,分析产品分类情况、营养成分含量、原料特点等,并与标准规定进行比对分析。结果 目前我国通过注册审批的特殊医学用途配方食品产品共58个。产品营养成分的标签标示值多处于“略高于标准下限～范围中间值”区间内。50%以上的产品选择添加胆碱、肌醇、牛磺酸和左旋肉碱,全营养配方中膳食纤维使用比例达72.2%。结论 我国已批准注册的特殊医学用途配方食品种类基本实现全覆盖,但缺少特定全营养配方、非全营养配方食品中的部分类型,国内企业亟需加大产品研发力度。产品营养成分含量在标准规定的较为理想的范围内。     

Vesicular transport of nutrients in the small intestine during natural feeding

Ultrastructural aspects of the absorption of nutrients by the rat small bowel under natural feeding and administration of a food mixture homogenate to a small bowel strip were studied. It is shown that as early as 25 min after the onset of feeding, nutrients get into the proximal part of the small bowel, run across the epithelial barrier and enter the stroma of the intestinal villi and the vascular bed. Active absorption of nutrients is also observed in situ under limited intracavitary hydrolysis. The identified nutrients penetrate the apical membrane of enterocytes by pinocytosis, are detectable but inside vesicular structures of the cell, and get into the intercellular space by exocytosis. The concept of the existence of the control systems preventing foreign substances from penetration in the body and eliminating the sequels of such a penetration has been worded.