嗜碱芽孢杆菌产环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶发酵条件的优化

对一株嗜碱芽孢杆菌产环糊精糖基转移酶的发酵条件进行了研究。利用单因素试验和正交试验获得该菌株产环糊精糖基转移酶的最佳条件为：接种量3％；培养温度30℃；pH10．5；发酵培养基的组成为玉米粉2％，酵母膏1．5％，玉米浆5％；250ml三角瓶装液量为30ml；270r/min振荡培养3d，其发酵液酶活可达5400U／ml左右。10L罐发酵时酶活可达5820U／ml。     

响应曲面法优化嗜碱芽孢杆菌产环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶的发酵条件

对一株嗜碱芽孢杆菌产环糊精糖基转移酶的发酵备件进行了研究。利用单因素试验和响应曲面试验获得该菌株产环糊精糖基转移酶的最佳条件为：接种量3％；培养温度30℃；pH10．5；发酵培养基的组成为玉米粉2％，酵母膏1．5％．玉米浆5％；250ml三角瓶装液量为30ml；270rpm振荡培养3d，其发酵液酶活可达5400U／ml左右。10L罐发酵时酶活可达5820U／ml。     

绿色木霉发酵产木聚糖酶的培养条件研究

以玉米芯为主要原料,探索绿色木霉发酵玉米芯产木聚糖酶的培养条件,进一步提高木聚糖酶的酶活。结果表明其产酶最佳培养条件为：接种量为5mL（孢子1．3×10^7个,mL）,初始pH值为6,玉米芯与水质量比为1：2,温度为33℃,在培养到第4d时,其酶活力最高达1537．52U／mL。     

木聚糖酶产生菌Gh-5培养基配方及发酵条件的优化

研究培养基组分与发酵工艺条件对试验菌株Gh-5产木聚糖酶的发酵影响,并对木聚糖酶的酶学性质进行初步研究。结果表明,该菌最适发酵产酶培养基组分为甘露糖15 g/L,氯化铵10 g/L,ZnSO4 0.3 g/L,KH2PO4 0.5 g/L;最适发酵条件为温度37 ℃;pH值为8.0;接种量14 %;发酵培养生长周期36 h。木聚糖酶产生菌株Gh-5发酵优化后的酶活力为114.64 U/mL,较优化前38.02 U/mL提高了201.53%。木聚糖酶酶学性质研究结果表明,木聚糖酶酶活最适pH值为8.0;最适温度为65 ℃;Zn2+对木聚糖酶酶活有较好促进作用。     

产木聚糖酶霉菌发酵条件优化及酶学性质研究

通过透明圈比较法从土壤中筛选出产木聚糖酶的菌株36株,以玉米芯为唯一碳源进行液体摇瓶发酵,对其中一株产酶水平较高的霉菌FH2213进行发酵条件的优化并对粗酶液的性质进行初步研究。采用Setp-by-step单因素试验法,获得FH2213产木聚糖酶的最佳发酵培养条件:碳源为玉米芯(15 g/L),氮源为酵母膏(15 g/L),初始pH为3.0,培养温度为30℃。在最适培养条件下发酵5 d木聚糖酶活达200 U/mL。FH2213产木聚糖酶的最适反应温度为65℃,最适反应pH为5.4。另外,SDS-PAGE和酶谱分析结果表明该菌产生3种木聚糖酶,分子量约为20.4,21.7以及34.3 kDa。     

绿色木霉产特定纤维素酶条件优化研究

采用液体发酵方法对绿色木霉菌株No．33产纤维素酶条件进行了研究,确定了菌株产C1、Cx酶的最佳条件,在初始pH值为5．0的条件下,接种量为5％,6层纱布封口,32℃培养120h,该菌株产C,酶活为0．391U／mL,Cx酶活为1．387U／mL,为膳食纤维的生物改性提供了理论参考依据。     

产骨胶原蛋白酶菌的筛选及发酵条件优化的研究

经初筛和复筛从骨骼厂土样中筛选出高产骨胶原蛋白酶的菌种MBL1,针对其产酶的最佳菌龄和发酵条件进行优化研究.结果表明,最佳接种菌的种龄选用培养24h,接种量为5%,起始pH值为7.0,150ml三角瓶最佳装液量20ml,发酵温度32℃.且在优化后的发酵条件下,该菌产酶酶活较优化前酶活提高了35%,达到49.83U/ml.     

产高活性木聚糖酶放线菌的筛选及其产酶条件的优化

本研究采用平板透明圈法自土样中筛选出产木聚糖酶放线菌52株,其中酶活100U/mL以上的有12株。对其中产木聚糖酶酶活较高且产酶稳定的菌株F4712(初始酶活349.4U/mL)进行了液体发酵条件优化。实验首先对培养基成分包括碳源(种类及添加量)、氮源(种类及添加量)及发酵条件:温度、发酵初始pH、摇床转速以及发酵时间等因素进行了考察。通过Box-Behnken响应面分析对发酵产酶条件做进一步优化,确定了摇瓶发酵的最优条件。结果表明,最佳发酵条件为玉米芯水不溶性木聚糖(2.8%),酵母浸膏(0.5%)及蛋白胨(1.0%)、45℃、pH6.2、130r/min以及6d。在此条件下酶活达693.4U/mL(较优化前提高了98.5%)。     

高产纤维素酶青霉菌的筛选和及产酶条件的研究

本文从稻田土壤中分离到—株产纤维酶活力高的X-5菌株，经形态特征及生理生化特征初步鉴定为半知菌亚门，丝孢纲，丝孢目，丛梗孢科，青霉属（Penicillium）。对青霉菌X-5菌株进行发酵培养条件的研究结果表明，以5．0％稻草粉为碳源，3．0％豆饼粉为氮源，装液量为60ml，接种量为5．0％，培养温度为26～28℃，初始pH4．5-6．0，培养120h，产酶活力最高，CMC酶活为75．72IU／ml，FP酶活为6．68IU／ml.     

黑曲霉液体发酵产木聚糖酶条件的研究

用麦草、蔗渣和麦麸等农业废弃物作为主要原料生产木聚糖酶,并对黑曲霉FSY01液体发酵产木聚糖酶的条件进行了优化。研究表明最适产酶条件：以麦草／麦麸3：1（w／w）作碳源,用量3％;尿素／硝酸铵1：1（w／w）作氮源,C／N比5：1;调节初始pH值4．2;培养温度30℃;培养时间72h,在此条件下黑曲霉液体发酵产木聚糖酶最高活力达到119．6IU／mL。添加少量可溶性低聚木糖可以提高产酶活力,加入Tween80则抑制木聚糖酶的产生。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.