把切好的蒜放一刻钟再用更有益于抗癌

大蒜之所以有很强的抗癌作用，是因为其中的酵素在起作用。但是．高温烹饪会破坏酵素，使大蒜失去其抗癌作用。     

烹饪方法对大蒜素含量的影响研究

在空白试验的基础上,利用定硫法测定经过不同烹饪方法加工后,大蒜中大蒜素的含量.结果表明:大蒜油炸后大蒜辣素含量0.0677%,蒸制后大蒜辣素含量0.0684%,水煮后大蒜辣素含量0.0845%,微波加热后大蒜辣素含量0.1914%.破坏大蒜素最小的烹饪方法是微波加热法,破坏最大的是油炸烹调法.     

大蒜提取物对大豆油抗氧化作用研究

以过氧化值(POV)为指标研究了大蒜提取物对大豆油的抗氧化作用，结果表明：大蒜提取物对大豆油具有较强的抗氧化作用，且具有剂量效应关系；添加了大蒜提取物的大豆油应尽量贮存于低温条件下(4℃)；大蒜提取物与合成抗氧化剂混合使用时，其抗氧化能力均好于只添加单一抗氧化剂的效果，0．04％大蒜提取物与0．005％PG混合使用时其抗氧化作用大于人工合成抗氧化剂PG最大限度使用量时的作用。     

电压力锅安全性能依然需要提升

从营养学的角度看．通常在烹饪食物时，食物加热时间越长，原有的各种维生素成份被分解的就会越多。电压力锅由于采用的是密封烹饪，使加热时间大大缩短。虽然有泄压阀的电压力锅在烹饪中有少量的气体损失，但因不会有新的氧气流入，烹饪过程中食物的营养保存率与普通的烹饪方式相比可以提高40％左右．因此电压力锅也是一个能够推动烹饪健康的产品之一。     

烹饪过程中的营养保护

在烹饪过程中，食物中的各种营养素都会因受烹饪过程中理化因素的影响，发生不同程度的变化，从而不可避免地造成一定的损失。了解烹饪过程中营养素的损失途径，可以帮助我们了解在烹饪加工过程中该怎么做，才能尽量减少营养素的损失，最大限度地保护营养素。     

JA澄清剂在刺梨果酒中的应用研究

研究了JA高效澄清剂对刺梨酒的快速澄清作用。测定果酒在澄清前后主要成分的变化。结果表明，经JA澄清剂处理的刺梨酒透光率可达95％以上，Vc和SOD的损失均小于2％；易使果酒产生二次浑浊和褐变的果胶、单宁类物质的减少率分别为10％和40％；经扩试和工厂生产试验证明，该法先进合理可行，优于酶法和明胶法。     

无臭大蒜苹果汁复合保健饮料的研制

本文采用２１％的乙醇浸泡大蒜制得无臭大蒜汁，并用无臭大蒜汁与苹果汁复合，制成风味独特的无臭大蒜苹果汁复合饮料。品质分析结果表明；无臭大蒜苹果汁复合饮料是一种营养丰富，风味独特的营养保健饮料。     

微生物发酵对大蒜风味及活性成分的影响

利用选育的乳酸杆菌菌株对大蒜进行发酵,以脱除大蒜中的刺激性气味,提高大蒜中活性成分含量.研究结果表明:发酵时间不同,大蒜活性成分含量和风味不同,发酵45d后大蒜SOD活力达到最高值,其SOD活力提高了47.8%,大蒜的刺激性异味显著降低,大蒜素下降了约26%,蛋白质含量下降了32%左右.SOD活性染色结果表明:发酵后大蒜中的SOD类型有Mn-SOD、Cu,Zn-SOD、Fe-SOD三种,主要为Mn-SOD.     

大蒜脱臭和无臭蒜汁的研究

用抑制蒜酶的溶液浸泡脱臭法可较大程度保护大蒜中蒜素和ＳＯＤ等有效成分。其最佳工艺条件为：９．１％半胱氨酸，０．１％CuSO4和2.5%NaCl,pH4.5（柠檬酸）低温（３℃）浸泡蒜头８０h左右。浸后的大蒜磨浆、过滤得到无臭蒜汁，滤渣干燥得大蒜粉。本法脱臭简单、价廉，且能有效地减少蒜氨酸和ＳＯＤ等有效成分的损失。     

微波加热脱臭法对大蒜营养成分的影响

本文比较了不同脱臭法对大蒜营养成分的影响。结果表明，微波加波脱臭法对大蒜营养成分的损失最小，醋酸脱臭法，植物油法和碳酸盐法可导致大量营养元素的沥滤损失，不能作为大蒜脱臭的方法。与其它方法相比，微波加热法具有加热时间短、营养素损失小等优点，是一种较好的脱除大蒜臭味的方法。     

蒜泥变绿变褐的原因及控制方法

本试验对蒜泥加工中变绿、变褐的原因及控制方法进行了研究。大蒜破碎后立即变绿、变褐。通过热处理（８０～８５℃，２～４分钟）能钝化蒜酶，防止氨基酸亚矾水解生成ＰＥＣＳＯ（绿色物质）。此外，热处理和焦亚硫酸钠（＞０３％）处理能有效地抑制大蒜酶褐变     

超高压处理对大蒜风味的影响

大蒜经过200、400和600 MPa保压处理20 min后,采用评分法进行感官评定,同时,采用顶空固相微萃取(SPME)富集,气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)检测挥发性风味物,探讨超高压处理对大蒜风味的影响。结果表明:处理后大蒜中的挥发性风味成分的种类、含量都发生显著的变化,其中硫醚类物质的相对含量由处理前的54.46%变化为处理后的59.39%、41.38%和22.73%,导致感官评定中大蒜风味强度随压力增大而减弱。     

蒜香金针菇的加工工艺研究

文章以市售金针菇为原料,研究了蒜香金针菇的加工工艺,并通过正交试验设计蒜香金针菇的最佳配方.结果表明,用分别为0.10％的柠檬酸和EDTA漂烫金针菇原料,可使成品的感官品质达到最优;通过正交试验分析得出蒜香金针菇的最佳配方为食益4.5％、白砂糖1.5％、红油5.0％、I+G1.4％、蒜末2.0％,再辅以适量的其他调味料,可以加工成口感脆嫩、色泽诱人的蒜香金针菇.     

Garlic as an anti-fatigue agent

More than three thousand publications in the past have confirmed the efficacy of garlic for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases, acknowledging and validating its traditional uses. Garlic is also used for the treatment of fatigue, although the mechanism involved remain unclear. The anti-fatigue function of garlic may be closely related to its many favorable biological and pharmacological effects. In animal studies, garlic has been shown to promote exercise endurance. Differences in the methods of processing garlic result in differences in the intensity of its anti-fatigue effect, and the most favorable form of processing has been shown to be extraction of raw garlic followed by its natural aging for a long period in a water-ethanol mixture. In human studies, it has been confirmed that garlic produces symptomatic improvement in persons with physical fatigue, systemic fatigue due to cold, or lassitude of indefinite cause, suggesting that garlic can resolve fatigue through a variety of actions. Recently, primarily in Japan, attempts have been made to measure the intensity of fatigue objectively and quantitatively using biomarkers. Currently available data strongly suggest that garlic may be a promising anti-fatigue agent, and that further studies to elucidate its application are warranted.     

S-Allyl cysteine in garlic (Allium sativum): Formation,biofunction, and resistance to food processing for value-added product development

S-allyl cysteine (SAC), which is the most abundant bioactive compound in black garlic (BG; Allium sativum), has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. Sulfur compounds are the most distinctive bioactive elements in garlic. Previous studies have provided evidence that the concentration of SAC in fresh garlic is in the range of 19.0–1736.3 μg/g. Meanwhile, for processed garlic, such as frozen and thawed garlic, pickled garlic, fermented garlic extract, and BG, the SAC content increased to up to 8021.2 μg/g. BG is an SAC-containing product, with heat treatment being used in nearly all methods of BG production. Therefore, strategies to increase the SAC level in garlic are of great interest; however, further knowledge is required about the effect of processing factors and mechanistic changes. This review explains the formation of SAC in garlic, introduces its biological effects, and summarizes the recent advances in processing methods that can affect SAC levels in garlic, including heat treatment, enzymatic treatment, freezing, fermentation, ultrasonic treatment, and high hydrostatic pressure. Thus, the aim of this review was to summarize the outcomes of treatment aimed at maintaining or increasing SAC levels in BG. Therefore, publications from scientific databases in this field of study were examined. The effects of processing methods on SAC compounds were evaluated on the basis of the SAC content. This review provides information on the processing approaches that can assist food manufacturers in the development of value-added garlic products.     

不同加工工艺对黑蒜产品品质的影响

黑蒜是一种新型大蒜加工制品,通过不同加工工艺得到两种不同的产品黑蒜1号和黑蒜2号,其中黑蒜1号的生产周期为黑蒜2号的3倍。本研究比较了两种加工工艺对黑蒜基本营养成分、蒜氨酸含量以及自由基清除能力的影响。研究表明:与新鲜大蒜相比,黑蒜的水分含量较少约为40%,湿基中的可溶糖、蛋白质和多酚显著增多(P0.01),蒜氨酸含量减少。而干基中的营养物质除多酚外,其余成分都减少,脯氨酸和精氨酸急剧降低,变异系数分别为1.03和1.12。湿基对OH·的清除能力基本一致,对DPPH·的清除力为新鲜蒜的2倍。黑蒜1号的粗蛋白含量低于黑蒜2号,可溶糖、多酚、蒜氨酸皆高于黑蒜2号,粗蛋白和多酚变异系数达到0.20左右,各组分间存在显著差异(P0.05)。在不同浓度下对自由基清除能力相同,当浓度为0.05 g/m L时,对OH·和DPPH·的清除率达到了90%以上。电子舌可以有效的区别两种产品。     

大蒜3种脱水加工工艺比较

目的探究热风干燥法、微波干燥法和冷冻干燥法对干燥大蒜品质的影响。方法测定3种干燥方法下大蒜的脱水率、复水率、色值以及能耗,运用SPSS统计进行分析。结果护色液对干燥工艺无影响;热风干燥的脱水率为46.41%,复水率为104.53%,色值为143.36;冷冻干燥的脱水率为71.44%,复水率为186.52%,色值为191.07;微波干燥的脱水率为54.46%,复水率为88.21%,色值为177.80。结论热风干燥、微波干燥和冷冻干燥对干燥大蒜品质的影响各有优缺点;冷冻干燥工艺最为理想,能耗最低,但是在设计工艺的生产过程成本最为昂贵,需要进一步改进。     

大蒜加工中阿霍烯产生过程的研究

阿霍烯是一种高生物活性硫化物,具有预防心血管疾病等功能。在新鲜大蒜中阿霍烯的含量极少,且稳定性差。本文用新鲜大蒜中的内源酶将其加工成富含阿霍烯的"黑大蒜"制品,调查国内外12种大蒜在加工中蒜氨酸、大蒜辣素和阿霍烯含量的变化,分析各成分含量之间的定量关系,以揭示阿霍烯的产生过程。试验结果表明,蒜氨酸含量在加工中逐渐减少,并趋于平衡;大蒜辣素含量在加工前、后都较低,而加工第2天出现最大值(即最大生成量);阿霍烯含量在加工20d内随时间呈线性增加。黑大蒜制品的阿霍烯含量随大蒜辣素含量的增加呈线性增加,大蒜辣素含量随新鲜大蒜中蒜氨酸含量的增加呈线性增加,充分说明蒜氨酸经过大蒜辣素向阿霍烯的转化过程。当新鲜大蒜中蒜氨酸含量为5.94%时,黑大蒜制品中阿霍烯的含量可达新鲜大蒜的17.5倍。     

Comparison of phenolic acids and flavonoids in black garlic at different thermal processing steps

The phenolic acid and the flavonoid constituents of garlic subjected to different thermal processing steps were examined. Black garlic was produced in a ripening chamber by using a programmed stepwise heating schedule, as follows. Step 1: 90 °C and 100% RH for 34 h; Step 2: 60 °C and 60% RH for 6 h; Step 3: 75 °C and 70% RH for 48 h; Step 4: 70 °C and 60% RH for 60 h; Step 5: 65 °C and 50% RH for 192 h. The results of the present investigations showed that thermal processing affected quantities of each phenolic acid and flavonoid component. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the garlic subjected to different thermal processing steps were higher than those of fresh garlic. In particular, the black garlic cloves ripened using Step 1 (BG1), black garlic cloves ripened using Step 2 (BG2), black garlic cloves ripened using Step 3 (BG3), and black garlic cloves ripened using Step 5 (BG5) samples exhibited levels of TPC that were higher than the TFC, while the TFC in the fresh garlic (FG) and black garlic cloves ripened using Step 4 (BG4) samples were higher than the TPCs. Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were found to be the major phenolic acids of garlic at different processing steps. Among the four major flavonoid subgroups in garlic, flavanols were found at the highest concentrations followed by flavanones and flavones, except in the FG sample.     

高压脉冲电场对大蒜采后抗氧化物质的影响

以大蒜为原料,研究了用高压脉冲电场处理大蒜(1.7kV/cm,5min 和1.7kV/cm, 10min)对大蒜VC、总黄酮、超氧化物歧化酶和多酚氧化酶变化的影响。实验结果表明,高压脉冲电场处理能够较好的保持大蒜采后贮藏品质,高压脉冲电场处理能够减缓大蒜VC 和总黄酮的降解速度,提高贮藏过程中超氧化物歧化酶活性,一定程度上抑制了大蒜的褐化,电场处理5min 的效果要优于电场处理10min 效果。