食品运载体系包埋叶黄素的研究进展

叶黄素属于类胡萝卜素,具有多种生物活性功能,可以避免视网膜色素上皮细胞受蓝光损伤、预防心脑血管疾病、抗肿瘤等;此外,叶黄素还是天然的食品着色剂和抗氧化剂。但是叶黄素存在水溶性和化学稳定性较差、生物利用率低等缺陷,这限制了其在食品领域中的应用。利用食品运载体系可以解决上述问题。本文分析了限制叶黄素应用的原因,对现有食品运载体系包埋叶黄素的研究现状进行综述,以期为叶黄素的进一步研究与应用提供参考。     

食品运载体系包埋姜黄素的研究进展

姜黄素具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降血脂和预防老年痴呆等多种生理功能,还可以用作天然着色剂、食品防腐剂、抗氧化剂等;然而水溶性差、不稳定、代谢速度快、生物利用率低等缺陷限制了其在食品领域中的应用。利用食品运载体系,以天然生物分子为材料制备姜黄素的传递载体可以解决上述问题。本文介绍了姜黄素的结构特征和理化性质,以及限制其利用的主要因素和原理,对现有的运载体系及其在提高姜黄素生物利用度方面的研究现状进行综述,最后针对目前研究中存在的问题对未来姜黄素运载体系的研究方向提出合理建议。     

食品运载体系包埋维生素E的研究进展

维生素E是具有抗氧化活性等多种生理活性功能的脂溶性维生素，但是脂溶性限制了其在水溶性体系为主流的食品体系中的应用，并降低了其生物利用度。利用脂质体、纳米颗粒、乳液、微胶囊和环糊精包合物等食品运载体系可以改变维生素E的溶解性。选用恰当的运载体系，并对体系原材料筛选并加以适当修饰或改性能够有效提高维生素E的稳定性和生物利用率。本文概述了不同食品级运载体系对维生素E的包埋方法、负载特性和产品功能方面的研究和应用进展，为开发性能优良的运载体系，提高维生素E的稳定性和生物利用率提供有益的指导。     

虾青素的生物功效及其运载体系研究现状

虾青素是一种天然抗氧化剂,不仅具有强抗氧化功效,还具有抗炎、抗糖尿病、抗肿瘤等生物功效。但是由于水溶性低、见光易分解等特性,限制了其在功能性食品、医药等领域中的应用。近年来,大量研究利用运载体系负载虾青素以降低降解速率,提高其生物利用度,从而扩大虾青素的应用范围。该文结合虾青素的生物功效,对不同运载体系的负载特性进行了综述,选择合适的运载体系可以有效改善虾青素的生物功效,对提高虾青素的稳定性和生物利用度具有重要意义。同时,对实现虾青素靶向转运和吸收提供参考依据。     

白藜芦醇的生物活性及其运载体系研究进展

白藜芦醇是一种主要存在于葡萄、花生、虎杖等植物中的天然多酚,具有抗氧化、抗菌消炎、抗心血管疾病、抗肿瘤等多种生物活性,在食品、药品及日化品领域都有广泛应用。但由于白藜芦醇性质不稳定、水溶性差等特点,限制了其应用范围,因此,利用运载体系提高其生物利用度是一个关键的研究方向。本文总结了白藜芦醇理化性质及生物活性,并对近年来有关白藜芦醇的运载体系进行综述,提出现有运载体系存在的问题,以期为白藜芦醇的运载体系的发展提供参考。     

蛋白质与多酚的相互作用在食品运载体系中的研究进展

由蛋白质与多酚相互作用形成的食品运载体系因其良好的生物相容性和抗氧化活性而受到越来越多的的关注。本文主要阐述了蛋白质与多酚相互作用的机制及其复合物的功能特性,重点介绍了蛋白质-多酚运载体系的特性以及其在功能活性物质缓释载体、乳液稳定剂和功能性薄膜中的应用,并基于目前与蛋白质-多酚相互作用有关的食品运载体系形式较少、配合物研究单一以及复合物缺乏安全性评估等问题提出了见解,以期为拓展蛋白质-多酚复合物在食品运载体系中的应用提供参考依据。     

叶黄素的主要剂型及应用

叶黄素主要是从万寿菊油树脂中提取分离得到.叶黄素不仅是一种天然的食品色素,又是一种很好的食品营养剂.近年来研究发现,叶黄素还具有保护视力、预防动脉硬化、抗氧化、抗癌等作用,有望在饮料、乳制品、方便食品、糖果和膳食补充剂、药物中广泛应用.但是叶黄素晶体不溶于水,在油中也是微溶的,另外叶黄素本身又极易氧化,而且,作为类胡萝卜中一种,与其它种类胡萝卜素一样,叶黄素晶体的生物利用率很低,这些特性决定了叶黄素晶体的应用受到很大的限制.在实际应用中,为了提高产品的稳定性、生物利用率和应用方便,叶黄素晶体在使用前通常先将其制成各种不同剂型,如油悬浮液(叶黄素油悬浮液20%)、水分散性干粉(1% CWS、10% CWS、5% TAB、10% TAB、5% TAB-S、10% TAB-S)等等.本文主要介绍了叶黄素主要剂型的生产、性质和应用,以及目前市场上叶黄素各种规格产品的性能及质量标准.     

巯基-烯点击化学法合成两亲性叶黄素

叶黄素是一种含氧的类胡萝卜素,适量摄入叶黄素可以减少白内障的发生,叶黄素还可以调节人和动物的免疫能力并且具有预防癌症的作用,但是,叶黄素的低水溶性限制了其在食品和制药行业中的应用。本文研究了利用巯基-烯点击化学法对叶黄素进行亲水性修饰,为叶黄素的化学改性提供了一种新方法。首先以三乙胺为缚酸剂,使叶黄素与丙烯酰氯酯化反应得到两端以乙烯基为端基的中间体,再在紫外光照射下以2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮为催化剂,使中间体与L-半胱氨酸通过巯基-烯点击化学反应在叶黄素的两端引入亲水性的氨基和羧基,得到两亲性叶黄素。通过UV、IR对产物进行表征,结果表明成功合成了两亲性叶黄素,通过TEM观察两亲性叶黄素在水中自组装形成球形胶束,平均粒径为85nm,有望会大大增加叶黄素在生物体内的吸收率。     

食品运载体系提高酚类物质生物利用度的研究进展

酚类物质已被证实具有降低冠心病、糖尿病、癌症和其他慢性疾病患病率的功能,近年来,如何将其作为生物活性物质应用到在食品和药品领域受到广泛关注。然而酚类物质的低水溶性、低稳定性、被动扩散方式以及在胃肠道环境中的损失限制了其在人体内的生物利用度。目前解除这些限制的最佳方法就是基于食品运载体封装技术对酚类物质进行包埋,这种方法已被证实可有效提高活性成分的稳定性和生物利用度。本文介绍了酚类物质的功能性质和评价其生物利用度的常见方法,对现有的运载体系及其在提高酚类物质生物利用度方面的应用现状进行综述,最后针对目前研究中存在的问题对未来酚类物质运载体系的研究方向提出合理建议。     

虾青素运载体系设计的研究进展与思考

鉴于虾青素水溶性差、易氧化降解和生物利用率低等缺陷,科学合理的运载体系是改善其应用特性的关键。本文对目前有关虾青素运载体系的研究进行了系统综述。在此基础上,对虾青素运载体系的研究现状和存在问题做了思考和总结。通过研究成果的梳理,对把握虾青素运载体系相关研究领域的前沿方向,探究运载体系与虾青素营养功能之间关系,具有重要的意义。同时,可为解决虾青素营养特性保持和赋型食品开发等产业实际问题提供理论依据。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.