速测卡法快速检测蔬菜中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

目的对数字农药残留速测卡速检蔬菜中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留方法的可靠性及实用性进行评价。方法采用改良后的速测卡对有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药的最低检出限进行试验,以及检测蔬菜样品中农药残留情况,并与标准方法进行对比;并对不同生产批号的产品进行重复性试验。结果速测卡对有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药的最低检出限在0.01~3.0 mg/kg;对敌敌畏可达到0.01 mg/kg;对乙酰甲胺磷灵敏度较低,为3.0 mg/kg。检测样品时,速测卡与标准方法阴性符合率为95.2%,阳性符合率为94.1%。5个生产批号的速测卡检测结果一致,批次间重复性较好。结论速测卡法具有快速、准确、方便、灵敏等特点,适用于基层对蔬菜中有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药残留进行定性分析。     

基于图像处理的农药残留速测卡快速检测

目的通过图像处理的方法来快速检测农药残留。方法利用图像提取、中值滤波和分量定值等图像处理技术,建立了基于速测卡检测结果图像处理的半定量检测。结果农残样品与胆碱酯酶在37℃下经过4min预反应,与检测结果的红色分量均值与农药浓度呈显著的正相关关系,对西维因和乐果的检出限为0.1mg/kg。结论与目测法相比,图像处理的检出限更低,也更为客观准确,为农药残留的快速检测提供了一种新的技术手段。     

农残速测方法及GNSPR-8D农残速测仪

农残快速检测方法主要有速测卡法和酶抑制率法。农残检测卡法是利用速测卡中的胆碱酯酶可催化靛酚乙酸酯（红色）水解为乙酸与靛酚（蓝色）．而有机磷或氨基甲酸脂类农药则对胆碱酯酶有抑制作用的特点，通过颜色变化．判断样品中是否存在高剂量的有机磷或氨基甲酸酯类农药。     

试纸法快速检测果蔬中有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

为了快速检测果蔬中的农药残留,研制基于酶抑制法的农药残留速测试纸。该试纸以鸭血浆胆碱酯酶为检测用酶,2,6-二氯靛酚乙酸酯为底物。反应后根据颜色变化目测判断农药残留情况,强阳性、弱阳性和阴性的颜色分别为白色、浅蓝色和蓝色。用该法检测只需13min,对敌敌畏的敏感性最强,对甲胺磷的敏感性较差,对几种常见的有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药的检出限在0.001～6mg/kg之间。该法简便、快速,成本低,适合果蔬中部分农药残留的现场监督检测。     

高通量酶抑制法快速测定蔬菜中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

目的 建立一种室温下高通量酶抑制法快速测定蔬菜中农药残留的方法。方法 从酶抑制法检测原理出发, 以阳性蔬菜样品为研究对象, 通过对提取剂、提取时间及反应体系的选择和优化, 确立酶反应体系。采用该方法检测市售蔬菜样品, 对筛选出阳性样品进行定量检测复核, 验证方法有效性。结果 蔬菜样品用乙腈作为提取液, 采用超声提取, 上清液氮吹后加入磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 8.0)作为最终样液, 农药提取效率最高, 且不会对酶抑制法反应体系造成影响。采用优化后的高通量农药速测方法, 以室温(25±5)℃下酶抑制率≥40%作为阳性判定标准, 对筛选出的734个阳性样品进行仪器定量分析复核, 检出符合率达到92.1%。结论 该方法有效提升了农药提取效率和检测效率, 可有效用于蔬菜中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的快速检测。     

NY/T448-2001标准方法的验证分析

本文验证比较了NY／T448－2001蔬菜上有机磷和氨基甲酸酸酯类农药残毒快速检测方法测定蔬菜中农药残留与气相色谱法测定农药残留结果的比较，结果表明：速测法用于含硫化物高的蔬菜易受干扰，检测中易出现假阳性结果。     

商品化农残速测试剂盒对5种农药的敏感性测定

该试验旨在探讨6种商品化农残速测试剂盒对5种氨基甲酸酯类农药的敏感性。使用6种商品化酶抑制法快速检测农药残留的试剂盒对涕灭威等5种氨基甲酸酯类农药进行5个浓度水平的测定,用抑制率与农药浓度的对数进行线性模拟回归,计算半抑制浓度IC50和IC10,以此比较各种试剂盒对各种农药的灵敏度和检出限。结果显示:6种试剂盒的抑制率与农药浓度的对数之间存在良好的线性关系,但是每一种试剂盒对这5种农药的敏感性均不相同,6种试剂盒对同一种农药的敏感性也不一样;测试时取用3 mL提取液和取用2.5 mL提取液根据农药的不同和试剂盒的不同存在一定的差异。由于酶抑制法快速检测农药残留的试剂盒对各种农药的检测敏感性不同,且酶抑制-比色法快速检测农药残留的方法是既非定量也非定性的检测方法,所以在实际的检测工作中建议对抑制率≥10%的样品进行复检,同时上色谱质谱进行定性定量。     

蔬菜中有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药残留酶片快速检测法的评价

本试验以黄瓜、小白菜为主要试材，利用有机磷、氨基甲酸酯类农药能够抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的毒理机制，研制了一种简易快速，可定性及半定量测定蔬菜中常用的有机磷、氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的酶片快速检测法。当环境温度在10℃～40℃蔬菜中叶菜类、果菜类及根菜类均可以用此法来检测有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药残留污染程度。此法准确度较高，敌敌畏、辛硫磷、甲基对硫磷最低检测限为0.5mg／kg、甲胺磷为0．01mg／kg、呋喃丹为0.84mg／kg、万灵为0．89mg／kg。     

蔬菜中农残快速检测方法的研究

以酶抑制率法快速检测蔬菜中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药的原理为依据,采用一种新的进样方式,改良了原有农残快速检测技术的弊病,节省了检测的时间和试剂的用量。同时,该方法对几种主要禁用农药检出结果的准确度,达到了国标法所规定的最低检出限的要求。     

应用固定化酶检测蔬菜中农药残留的方法研究

研究了一种快速检测蔬菜中农药残留（有机磷）的方法。根据酶抑制法的原理，对反应温度、pH、反应时间、显色剂及样品提取液等条件进行优化，建立了以聚苯乙烯反应板为反应载体的农药（有机磷）快速检测方法，其最小检出量为0．245μg。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.