成都市海产品中副溶血性弧菌耐药特征及多位点序列分型

目的了解成都市不同种类的海产品中副溶血性弧菌的污染程度、耐药情况、毒力基因分布、基因分型情况,为成都市食源性副溶血性弧菌流行及其风险评估提供基础数据。方法参照GB 4789. 7—2013《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验副溶血性弧菌检验》,从不同种类的海产品中分离副溶血性弧菌疑似菌株,通过生化试验及16S r DNA测序进行准确鉴定;采用纸片扩散法对分离株进行药敏试验,通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测与其致病性相关的2个毒力基因,对分离株进行多位点序列分型分析。结果从采集的380份海产品中共104份样品检出副溶血性弧菌,总检出率为27. 4%。药敏试验表明,97. 1%(101/104)的分离株具有耐药性,其中对氨苄西林的耐药率最高(95. 2%,99/104)。分离株trh基因携带率为12. 5%(13/104),tdh基因携带率为1. 0%(1/104); 104株分离株共分为38个ST型,其中ST1801、ST392、ST413型分离率较高,分离株未出现流行克隆群。结论流通过程中不同种类海产品副溶血性弧菌污染率、耐药情况、毒力基因分布存在差异,可能与养殖环境、运输条件等有关。     

水产品副溶血性弧菌污染监测结果的比较分析

摘 要：目的 了解我国水产品副溶血性弧菌污染情况,找出风险监测及预防副溶血性弧菌食物中毒重点区域。方法 以广州市往年监测数据为基础,结合文献公布的其他区域中水产品副溶血性弧菌污染监测结果,进行综合分析,得出结论。结果 2124份水产品样品进行副溶血性弧菌检测, 检出451份,检出率为21.23%。广东、江苏、浙江等沿海地区检出率高于内地监测结果,广东地区检出率高于江浙地区,广东地区淡水鱼副溶血性弧菌检出率高于内地水产品检出率(χ2=4.845,P < 0.05)。结论 广东地区为国内水产品副溶血性弧菌污染最严重的地区,其次为江浙地区,两地检出率均远高于内地,表明国内水产品副溶血性弧菌风险监测重点区域为广东及江浙等沿海地区。     

北京市市售带壳牡蛎致病性弧菌污染状况调查

目的了解北京市市售带壳牡蛎致病性弧菌污染状况。方法 2014年2~11月每月在某水产品批发市场的摊位抽样200只带壳牡蛎,共80份样品(其中腮和肠样品分别为40份)。用常规培养方法检测牡蛎腮和肠(含便)中致病性弧菌,对副溶血性弧菌进行血清学分型,荧光定量PCR检测副溶血性弧菌毒力基因tdh、trh和tlh。结果 80份牡蛎样品中,致病性弧菌阳性样品检出率为62.50%(50/80),副溶血性弧菌阳性菌株检出率为33.75%(27/80),溶藻弧菌阳性菌株检出率为31.25%(25/80);各牡蛎腮和肠样品中,致病性弧菌阳性检出率为67.50%(27/40)和57.50%(23/40);27株副溶血性弧菌共9种血清型;毒力基因检测结果表示,tlh均为阳性,tdh和trh均为阴性。结论北京市市售带壳牡蛎中致病性弧菌污染严重,以副溶血性弧菌和溶藻弧菌检出为主。     

2003年中国部分沿海地区零售海产品中副溶血性弧菌污染状况的主动监测

国家食源性疾病监测网发现，我国近年来副溶血性弧菌中毒呈显上升趋势。为进一步了解零售海产品中副溶血性弧菌(VP)的污染情况，2003年9-12月在我国沿海4个省份(浙江、江苏、广东、福建)进行监测，试样分别从水产品批发市场、零售市场和饭店采集，共采集海产品236份，其中甲壳类69份、贝类116份、鱼类51份。采用Vitek鉴定系统和最可能数(MPN)法进行副溶血性弧菌的定性和定量分析。结果显示，38．6％的海产品检出VP，浙江省试样的VP阳性率最高。甲壳类、贝类和鱼类试样VP阳性率分别为49．3％、37．9％和25.5％；阳性试样几何平均分布浓度依次为171．4、76．9和50．7MPN／100g。监测结果表明，我国零售海产品中副溶血性弧菌的污染率较高，必须持续地进行食品中VP的主动监测和污染控制。     

Experimental study of the action of some physical and chemical factors on the survival and propagation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in food products]

The paper presents data on the ability of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to survive and multiply under different conditions that may be encountered during storage and culinary treatment of food products. Investigations were effected in a nutrient medium and in alimentary products in which the survival terms of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. IV. Occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in sea mud and sea fish in Hawaii. - secure an almost complete suppression of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus viability. Af greatest epidemiological danger is secondary contamination of food products with Vibrio parahaemolyticus.     

2016年江苏省淡水养殖环节常见致病性弧菌污染状况调查

目的 了解江苏省淡水动物性水产品养殖环节中常见弧菌(副溶血性弧菌、霍乱弧菌等)的污染程度。 方法 参照《2016年国家食品安全风险监测淡水动物性水产品养殖环节中常见弧菌专项监测工作手册》进行样品的采集和检测。 结果 从淡水养殖场中采集水产品、水体、水底沉积物样品共507份, 检出副溶血性弧菌17株(3.4%); 霍乱弧菌4株(0.8%); 溶藻弧菌及创伤弧菌均未检出。检出的副溶血性弧菌均不携带毒力基因(trh-;tdh-), 主要血清型为O5:H7(41.2%), 主要耐受的抗生素为头孢唑林(94.1%), 其中3株PFGE带型相似性系数100%; 4株霍乱弧菌均为非O1/O139群, 未发现耐药株。结论 江苏省淡水养殖环节中副溶血性弧菌环境污染程度低, 但在淡水养殖环节中检出致病性弧菌, 提示淡食用水产品依然可能存在引发食物中毒的风险。     

生食动物性水产品中副溶血性弧菌和创伤弧菌污染状况分析

目的 了解生食动物性水产品中副溶血性弧菌和创伤弧菌污染状况。方法 采用随机抽样方法,在我国13个地区的餐饮店、零售店和批发市场采集生食动物性水产品,共计2 980份,对样品进行副溶血性弧菌和创伤弧菌检测。结果 生食动物性水产品中副溶血性弧菌检出率为14.7%(437/2 980),污染水平＞100 MPN/g的样品比例为2.9%(83/2 909);创伤弧菌检出率为3.5%(104/2 980)。采样于批发市场的样品中副溶血性弧菌检出率、污染水平＞100 MPN/g的样品比例和创伤弧菌检出率均高于餐饮店和零售店。第三季度副溶血性弧菌检出率、污染水平＞100 MPN/g的样品比例和创伤弧菌检出率最高。造成污染的主要原因包括原产地污染,储存不当及加工过程交叉污染。结论 生食动物性水产品中存在副溶血性弧菌和创伤弧菌的污染,其健康风险应引起关注,本次污染状况分析可为标准制修订提供理论依据。     

2017年广西壮族自治区5个城市贝类海产品致病性弧菌污染状况分析

目的 了解广西壮族自治区贝类海产品中副溶血性弧菌、创伤弧菌、溶藻弧菌和霍乱弧菌的污染现状,为食源性疾病防控和微生物风险评估提供参考依据。方法 2017年在广西壮族自治区3个沿海和2个内陆城市采集贝类海产品进行定性检测,其中副溶血性弧菌同时进行定量检测和毒力基因检测。结果 5个城市共采集800份贝类海产品,致病性弧菌总阳性率为76.5%(612/800),副溶血性弧菌、创伤弧菌和霍乱弧菌阳性率分别为73.9%(591/800)、18.4%(147/800)、0.1%(1/800),未检出溶藻弧菌。副溶血性弧菌阳性率与采样地区、样品状态和贝类品种有关,沿海地区阳性率高于内陆地区,但含量却低于内陆地区;活产品阳性率和含量均高于鲜/冰鲜海产品;蛏子、泥蚶、牡蛎和蛤/蚬子阳性率较高,均在75.0%以上,扇贝和贻贝阳性率相对较低,但含量较高;1.0%(6/591)的菌株检出致病性毒力基因。创伤弧菌阳性率与样品来源、采样地区和贝类品种有关,沿海地区高于内陆地区,农村高于城市,蛏子和泥蚶阳性率最高,均在35.0%以上。结论 广西壮族自治区贝类海产品中副溶血性弧菌和创伤弧菌污染较严重,需重点加强贝类海产品食品安全卫生宣教,加强沿海农村地区创伤弧菌监测。     

OCCURRENCE OF PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS IN FISH SOLD IN SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

This study investigated the presence of potentially human pathogenic strains of Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus in fish commercialized in street markets of São Paulo city, Brazil. Twenty fish of different species were analyzed for foodborne pathogens using conventional methods. High levels of fecal contamination were detected in 25% of samples. S. aureus was isolated from 10% of samples. All were negative for Salmonella. Vibrio species, including Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139, were observed in 85% of samples although Vibrio parahaemolyticus was not found in this study. Aeromonas spp., including A. hydrophila, was isolated from 50% of fish samples. The occurrence of these pathogens suggests that the fish commercialized in São Paulo may represent a health risk to the consumers.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Fish and fish products represent an important vehicle of gastrointestinal infection in the world. International trade in fish and its derivatives has grown substantially over the last decades and continue to expand; requiring rigorous sanitary control. The integration of world-wide commerce, among other reasons, has led to increased fish consumption around world Moreover, healthier lifestyles and cultural globalization have popularized the consumption of raw fish dishes, which were historically restricted to oriental countries. This study suggests that fish can represent health risks.     

广州市2006－2009年水产品副溶血性弧菌监测结果分析

目的 了解广州市市售水产品副溶血性弧菌污染情况,为水产品安全性风险评估提供参考依据.方法 在全市12个区的餐饮企业、肉菜市场、超级市场、批发点等4类采样点,分季度抽取水产品样品进行副溶血性弧菌检测.结果 副溶血性弧菌检出率为13.55%(102/753).不同种类(x~2=13.106,P <0.05)、不同年份(x~2=55.583,P<0.05)、不同季度(X~2=15.612,P<0.05)以及不同采样地点(x~2= 14.268,P < 0.05)的水产品检出副溶血性弧菌情况不同.差异有统计学意义.结论 广州市市售水产品副溶血性弧菌检出率较高,为产生该类致病菌性食物中毒的安全隐患.     

临沂市淡水鱼养殖、销售及餐饮环节致病性弧菌污染状况及病原学特征

目的：了解临沂市淡水鱼养殖、销售及餐饮环节中常见致病性弧菌的污染现状,进一步描述病原学特征,为加强本市食源性疾病监测和防控提供依据。方法：在本市3个县区设置采样点,采集养殖场、销售场所、餐馆的鱼样及存养鱼的相关样本,参照《国家食品安全风险监测淡水动物性水产品养殖环节中常见弧菌专项监测工作手册》,进行致病性弧菌的分离与鉴定。结果：在281份淡水鱼及相关样品中,4种常见致病性弧菌均有检出,其中霍乱弧菌的检出率最高,为18.15%（51/281）,之后依次为副溶血性弧菌12.81%（36/281）,溶藻弧菌4.27%（12/281）,创伤弧菌0.71%（2/281）。在养殖(144份样品)、销售（74份样品）和餐饮（63份样品）三个环节霍乱弧菌检出率为16.67%（24/144）、21.62（16/74）、17.46%（11/63）,副溶血性弧菌的检出率为2.78%（4/144）、24.32%（18/74）、22.22%（14/63）,溶藻弧菌的检出率为0.69%（1/144）、8.11%（6/74）、7.94%（5/63）,创伤弧菌的检出率为0.00（0/144）、2.70%（2/74）、0.00%（0/63）。检出的霍乱弧菌均为非O1/O139群,不携带ctxAB毒力基因;在淡水鱼及相关样本中检出的36株副溶血性弧菌中有1株携带trh基因,其余均不携带tdh/trh毒力基因。结论：临沂市淡水鱼养殖、销售和餐饮环节均存在不同程度的致病性弧菌污染,非O1/O139群霍乱弧菌和副溶血性弧菌为主要污染菌,霍乱弧菌污染在三个环节中均存在,副溶血性弧菌污染主要存在于销售和餐饮环节,整个淡水鱼产业链需加强综合监管。     

2007年温州地区食源性致病菌污染调查分析

目的了解2007年温州地区食品中沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、大肠杆菌O157∶H7、空肠弯曲菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血性弧菌、香港海鸥菌的污染状况,提高温州地区食源性疾病检测、预警和控制能力,有效地预防、预测食源性疾病的暴发。方法依据国家食源性疾病监测网2007年度工作手册进行。结果检测生鸡肉、生猪肉、生牛肉、生羊肉、散装熟肉制品、海水鱼、淡水鱼、冷菜等八大类,共检出各类病原菌74株。其中以金黄色葡萄球菌的总检出率为最高,检出20株,检出率达15.04%;其次为副溶血性弧菌,检出39株,检出率为9.75%;单核细胞增生李斯特菌和沙门菌分别检出9株和6株,检出率分别为3.77%和2.51%,未检出大肠杆菌O157∶H7、空肠弯曲菌、香港海鸥菌。结论温州地区各类食品存在一定的食源性致病菌污染,其中冷菜、海水鱼、散装熟肉制品是主要污染品种。     

基于环介导等温扩增法(LAMP)检测上海市售贝类产品中副溶血性弧菌的毒力菌株

基于环介导等温扩增法(LAMP)对上海市8-10月市售贝类产品中副溶血性弧菌毒力菌株(tdh和trh毒力基因)进行检测分析,共检测贝类样品180份,6个常规品种,实验同时采用PCR测定方法进行对比。结果表明,含tdh和trh毒力基因的副溶血性弧菌在市售贝类中的检出率分别是12.77%和11.66%,PCR的分析结果为11.11%和7.78%。对分离的毒力菌株进行血清型分型后发现了2株O3:K6型副溶血性弧菌,其中1株为毒力基因双阳性菌(tdh+/trh+)。2株O3:K6型副溶血性弧菌的PFGE条带型相似度较高(相似度90%)。这些结果表明上海市售贝类产品中副溶血性弧菌毒力菌株存在一定的污染,应引起足够重视。双阳性O3:K6型副溶血性弧菌的出现值得关注,应对各血清型菌株尤其是O3:K6型副溶血性弧菌的流行情况加强监测。PCR检测结果对比分析表明,LAMP方法适用于贝类产品中副溶血性弧菌毒力菌株的检测分析。     

Occurrence of Vibrio spp. in fish and shellfish collected from the Swiss market

The genus Vibrio includes gram-negative bacteria that inhabit estuarine ecosystems. V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus pose a considerable public health threat as agents of sporadic and epidemic foodborne infections associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated fish or shellfish. In this study, we analyzed 138 fish and shellfish samples collected from the Swiss market (fish fillets [n = 102], bivalves [n = 34], and squid [n = 2]). Microbiological analysis was done according to International Organization for Standardization method 21872-1/21872-2:2007, using thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose agar and chromID Vibrio agar as selective agar. Presumptive-positive colonies on thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose agar or chromID Vibrio agar were picked and were identified by the API 20E and species-specific PCR systems. V. cholerae isolates were tested further by PCR for the presence of the cholera toxin A subunit gene (ctxA). V. parahaemolyticus isolates were tested by PCR for genes encoding for thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and TDH-related hemolysin (trh). V. cholerae was isolated from three samples and V. parahaemolyticus from eight samples. None of these strains harbored species-specific virulence factors. Further, V. alginolyticus was isolated from 40 samples, and V. fluvialis was isolated from 1 sample. Our study provides, for the first time, data for the assessment of exposure to Vibrio spp. in raw fish and bivalves consumed in Switzerland.     

中国内陆6省(自治区)淡水鱼养殖、销售和餐饮环节常见嗜盐性弧菌污染调查

目的了解内陆6省(自治区)淡水鱼养殖、销售、餐饮环节鱼、水体、水底沉积物等样品中副溶血性弧菌、溶藻弧菌、创伤弧菌的污染状况,明确淡水鱼养殖、销售、餐饮各环节中3种嗜盐性弧菌的分布。方法在广西、河南、湖北、山东、四川、浙江6个省(自治区)的内陆地市设置采样点,采集养殖场、销售场所、餐馆的鱼样及存养鱼的对应水样。采用传统的分离培养技术检测3种嗜盐性弧菌,并进行生化鉴定。结果养殖环节水体和淡水鱼中副溶血性弧菌的检出率分别为1.89%(5/264)、5.81%(14/241),溶藻弧菌检出率分别为1.89%(5/264)、4.98%(12/241),创伤弧菌检出率分别为1.14%(3/264)、0.83%(2/241);3种嗜盐性弧菌的污染率在流通环节增高,存养水体和淡水鱼的检出率分别为副溶血性弧菌18.47%(29/157)、14.93%(40/268),溶藻弧菌10.83%(17/157)、9.70%(26/268),创伤弧菌3.18%(5/157)、3.36%(9/268);餐饮环节淡水鱼中嗜盐性弧菌的检出率与流通环节基本一致。结论传统意义上海水中常见的副溶血性弧菌、创伤弧菌、溶藻弧菌3种嗜盐性弧菌已经在内陆地区的淡水养殖、流通和餐饮各个环节中检出,尤其是淡水养殖环境中嗜盐性弧菌的出现可能对整个食物链产生的影响值得关注。     

Degree of oxidation of oils in the production of canned food]

Data on the degree of the thermal oxidation of vegetable oil in some samples of canned fish are reported and these indicated that the oil contains on the average 1.5 per cent of the oxidation products. A comparatively high degree of the oil oxidation is, apparently, due to the fact that the fish processing factories lack clearcut instructions as to the way and the timing with which is to be used in direct-heat fish ovens.     

Polychlorinated biphenyls in fresh and canned fish from the Central Adriatic.

By using the GLC method, levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in fresh and canned fish during the 1984-88 period. Forty-six samples of fish caught in the Central Adriatic's littoral, 11 of which in a control, non-industrialized area, and 35 in an urbanized area strongly affected by industry, were collected. Also, 101 samples of canned fish were tested for PCBs. The average PCB values were 0.059 mg kg-1 and 0.287 mg kg-1 in control and polluted areas, respectively; the mean value in canned fish was 0.194 mg kg-1. Although the levels of PCBs in control and industrialized areas were found to differ, the difference was not significant statistically.     

Antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from farmed fish in Korea from 2005 through 2007

The antimicrobial resistance patterns to 15 antimicrobial agents of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus isolated from farmed fishes, including olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), red sea bream (Pagrus major), and sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), were investigated from 2005 through 2007. A total of 218 V. parahaemolyticus isolates and 153 V. alginolyticus isolates were obtained from the 180 fish samples collected from fish farms located along the southern coast of Korea. We found that 65.1% of V. parahaemolyticus and 85.6% of V. alginolyticus isolates showed antimicrobial resistance against more than one antimicrobial agent. The prevalence of resistance in V. parahaemolyticus isolates to ampicillin was highest (57.8%), followed by resistance to rifampin (11.9%), streptomycin (8.7%), and trimethoprim (6.4%). V. alginolyticus isolates were also most resistant to ampicillin (75.2%), followed by tetracycline (15.0%), trimethoprim (12.4%), and rifampin (9.8%). The prevalence of multiresistance to four or more antimicrobials was higher in V. alginolyticus (11.1%) than in V. parahaemolyticus (5%). Antimicrobial resistance rates per isolate of V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus possessing virulence genes were not different from those of the rest of the isolates.     

水产品中致病性弧菌污染状况研究

目的了解水产品中致病性弧菌污染状况。方法采用实时荧光PCR方法对样品中的致病性弧菌进行初筛,阳性样品用传统培养法确证。结果检测了海产品、淡水水产品共12类1 356份样品,未检出致病性的O1群霍乱弧菌,但有非O1群霍乱弧菌存在;海产品的虾类、蟹类、贝类、软体类带副溶血性弧菌率高。结论珠海地区水产品中弧菌污染较为普遍,且存在着多重污染现象。     

食品中副溶血性弧菌toxR和tdh基因双色荧光PCR检测方法的建立

目的 建立对副溶血性弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）特异性检测toxR（跨膜转录激活蛋白）基因和tdh（热稳定性直接溶血素）毒力基因的Taqman探针双色荧光PCR检测方法。方法 根据副溶血性弧菌toxR基因和tdh基因,分别设计引物和探针,建立Taqman探针双色荧光PCR扩增体系,进行特异性、灵敏度试验;对副溶血性弧菌分离菌株实施检测,了解其tdh基因和tdh基因分布情况。结果 结果表明,副溶血性弧菌标准菌株和3株从食物中毒患者中分离获得的分离株均出现toxR基因和tdh扩增曲线,而溶藻弧菌、单增李斯特菌等31株弧菌属其他菌株和肠杆菌科的菌株未见扩增曲线。从食品中分离的37株副溶血性弧菌分离株均未携带tdh毒力基因。副溶血性弧菌检测灵敏度可达到3.6×102 cfu/mL。结论 该方法可用于同时检测食品中副溶血性弧菌的特异性和毒力基因。