木质素基吸附剂的研究进展

木质素是具有三维无定型结构的天然高分子聚合物,以木质素为原料制备的木质素基吸附剂是木质素增值利用的重要途径之一。通过改性、复合等手段制备的生物炭、微球、凝胶等类型木素基吸附剂在工业废水处理方面有着广泛的应用。本文综述了木质素纤维化处理、制备活性炭、磁化处理等未改性木质素基吸附剂,胺化、磺化、酯化、接枝、共聚等手段处理的改性木质素基吸附剂以及与壳聚糖、甲壳素、TiO2、SiO2等物质复合制备的木质素基复合材料吸附剂的研究进展,并对木素基吸附剂的应用前景进行了展望。     

木质素基水凝胶的研究进展

本文首先简要介绍了木质素的来源、分类、结构和性质，其次概括了木质素基水凝胶的制备方法，然后综述了具有吸附性木质素基水凝胶和具有刺激响应性木质素基水凝胶的研究进展，最后展望了木质素基水凝胶的潜在应用。     

木质素基吸附材料的研究进展

木质素结构中含有芳环、脂肪族侧链和许多活性官能团,具有一定的离子交换与吸附性能.工业木质素主要源于制浆造纸业的副产物,通过改性可以制备各种功能不一的木质素基吸附材料.本文综述了木质素的吸附性能和国内外木质素基吸附材料的研究进展,分析存在的问题和难点,探索今后的研究方向.     

食品基碳量子点的制备、生物活性及其在食品包装中的应用

碳量子点是一种尺寸小于10 nm的新型碳纳米材料,因其优异的光学特性受到国内外学者的广泛关注。目前用于合成碳量子点的食品主要来自果蔬及其制品、乳及乳制品、肉及肉制品和水产品及其制品等。一步水热合成法是制备食品基碳量子点最常用的方法。因此,食品基碳量子点相比于化学材料合成的碳量子点具有易于合成、价格低廉、绿色无毒、生物相容性好等优势。并且食品基碳量子点表面通常带有丰富的官能团与杂元素,赋予了碳量子点更优异的抗癌、抗氧化和抗菌等功能活性。目前在生物医学、功能性材料、食品检测等领域广泛应用。近年来,由于食品基碳量子点优异的抗氧化、抗菌和光学活性已被添加到食品包装系统中,增强食品包装紫外屏蔽、抗氧化和抗菌等性能。本文综述了以食品为原料的碳量子点制备方法和原料来源,探讨了食品基碳量子点的优势及其生物活性,以及添加食品基碳量子点的活性包装在果蔬等食品保鲜中的应用,为食品碳量子点的绿色制备及其在活性包装中的应用提供参考和理论依据。     

碳量子点合成及其在食品检测中的应用

碳量子点(carbon dots,CDs)作为一类新型的荧光纳米材料,具备很多优良的光学特性。相比于半导体量子点,其毒性低、生物相容性好、稳定性与抗光漂白性更高,这些优良的性质使其在检测食品中重金属、抗生素、病原菌、农药残留与违禁添加剂以及营养功能成分等方面有很好的发展前景。近年来,有关CDs的文献综述着重于总结其合成与光学性质,鲜有关于CDs在食品检测中的应用。本文介绍CDs的光学性质与合成方法,重点综述CDs在食品检测中的应用,并提出未来CDs的发展趋势。     

木质素生物质阻燃剂及其应用研究进展

针对木质素作为生物质阻燃材料化学结构复杂、阻燃效率较低等问题,对国内外木质素在阻燃材料中的研究现状进行了综述,主要介绍了常见的4类木质素阻燃剂:单组分木质素阻燃剂、复配型木质素阻燃剂、化学改性木质素阻燃剂和纳米木质素阻燃剂,分析了木质素在阻燃体系中发挥的作用以及存在的问题;对各类阻燃剂的特点和阻燃机制进行阐述,以及木质素作为生物质阻燃材料的发展方向进行总结和展望;最后指出在4类阻燃剂中,复配型木质素阻燃剂和化学改性木质素阻燃剂阻燃性能比较优异,将木质素与其他物质复配以及对木质素进行结构改性将成为未来研究的重点。     

Review on impregnation issues in laminates manufacture: opportunities and risks of phenol substitution by lignins or other natural phenols in resins

The resins used in impregnation of the core layers of Kraft paper-based decorative laminates are basically synthetized from phenol and formaldehyde (PF). The increasing costs of phenol force laminates manufacturers to search for alternatives or partial substitution products to reduce consumption of this chemical. Preferably, such PF alternative substitutes are environmentally friendly bio-based phenolic compounds, such as lignin, tannins, or cashew nut shell liquid. However, substitution raises some technological issues in the impregnation process due to the chemical variability of these natural raw materials and their different properties from phenol. These differences do not only have an influence on the technological behavior of the modified resins during impregnation and laminate pressing, but also require inclusion of new or modified processes such as biomass treatment (down-streaming, modification of natural polyphenols, activation, etc.) or novel synthetic procedures. Moreover, the use of resins containing natural compounds in the laminates manufacture can result in products with minor mechanical properties. This article provides a general overview of the most promising candidates of such bio-based materials and deals with the most important issues when it comes to their incorporation into PF resins. Due to their abundance on Earth, much knowledge of lignin-based materials has already been gained and uses of lignin in PF resins have been studied for many decades. Other natural polyphenols that are less frequently considered for impregnation are covered as well, as they do also possess some potential for PF substitution.     

静电纺丝纳米纤维膜基光化学传感器的制备及其在重金属检测中的应用进展

化学传感器特别是光化学传感器已经被广泛研究,并应用于检测目标物如食品中的重金属。静电纺丝纳米纤维膜由于具有高比表面积、高孔隙率、可控性良好和易功能化等特点,可以被用来固定传感器以提高其灵敏度。本文主要综述静电纺丝纳米纤维膜基光化学传感器的制备及其在重金属离子检测中的应用进展。首先,简单介绍光化学传感器及静电纺丝纳米纤维膜基光化学传感器,随后根据其制备方法的差异分为高分子聚合物化学修饰法、高分子聚合物物理共混法、纳米纤维化学修饰方法和纳米纤维物理吸附方法4类,并分别综述其制备得到的静电纺丝纳米纤维膜基光化学传感器应用于重金属检测的进展,这4类方法各有优势,都具有较好的应用前景。本文将为静电纺丝纳米纤维膜基光化学传感器用于目标物的检测提供指导。     

Synthesis of Reprocessable Lignin-based Non-isocyanate Poly(imine-hydroxyurethane)s Networks

In this study,an environmentally friendly and non-toxic route to synthesize lignin-based non-isocyanate poly(imine-hydroxyurethane)s networks was explored.Specifically,the NH₂-terminated polyhydroxyurethanes(NPHUs)prepolymer was first synthesized from bis(6-membered cyclic carbonate)(BCC)and diamine via the ring-opening reaction.Subsequently,the corresponding ligninbased non-isocyanate polyurethanes(NIPUs)with tunable properties were synthesized from NPHUs and levulinate lignin derivatives containing ketone groups via the Schiff base reaction.The structural,mechanical,and thermal properties of NIPUs with different stoichiometric feed ratios of BCC and levulinate lignin were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA),and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).The results indicated that the tensile strength,Young's modulus,toughness,storage modulus,glass transition temperature,and thermal stability of lignin-based NIPUs gradually increased with increasing lignin content,and the highest Young's modulus of 41.1 MPa was obtained when lignin content reached 45.53%.With good reprocessing properties,this synthetic framework of ligninbased NIPUs also provides sustainable non-isocyanate-based substitutions to traditional polyurethane networks.     

小麦中阿魏酸的分布、存在形式以及制备方法的研究进展

阿魏酸是一种有益人类健康的酚酸,它可以使糖尿病、胆固醇、心脏病和癌症等严重疾病的风险降低。在小麦中阿魏酸是含量最高的酚酸类物质,主要集中在小麦麸皮部位。随着人们保健意识的不断提高,小麦麸皮中阿魏酸的制备和阿魏酸功能研究日益受到重视。小麦麸皮制备阿魏酸的方法一般有碱解法、生物酶法和生物发酵法,也有很多研究通过物理手段来辅助以上制备方法,例如超声波、高温蒸汽等。本文通过总结小麦中阿魏酸的分布、存在形式及利用小麦麸皮制备阿魏酸的方法,分析以小麦麸皮为原料制备阿魏酸方法优缺点,为小麦麸皮中阿魏酸的开发研究和工业化生产提供一些参考和思路。     

纳米活性炭对中药或植物活性成分的吸附与缓释研究进展

文章综述药物缓释制剂的作用和种类,评述纳米活性炭作为活性成分缓释载体的理化特性,归纳近年来国内外对纳米活性炭作为中药或植物活性成分缓释制剂载体的研究进展,指出纳米活性炭的制备以及纳米活性炭作为活性成分缓释制剂遇到的技术瓶颈和今后的研究方向。     

Comparative antioxidant activity of nanoscale lignin prepared by a supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process with non-nanoscale lignin

Nowadays, lignin antioxidant study is a hot spot. But some properties of lignin make it hard for a wide range of application. To improve lignin antioxidant activity, we employed supercritical antisolvent (SAS) method for preparation of nanoscale lignin (0.144 ± 0.03 μm) using acetone as a solvent and supercritical carbon dioxide as an antisolvent. The nanoscale lignin was characterised by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The results showed that SAS process did not result in lignin degradation or chemical structure change. Due to solubility increase, many antioxidant parameters of the nanoscale lignin were obviously enhanced, including DPPH radical scavenging activity, superoxide radical scavenging activity and reducing power. As an antioxidant, the nanoscale lignin was a better material than the non-nanoscale lignin. Our study was to promote the lignin application in animal husbandry, pharmaceutical and food processing industries.     

竹类碱木素表面活性剂的合成研究

介绍了通过烷基化、氧化法在竹类碱木素分子中引入亲油、亲水基团制成木素表面活性剂；并对改性过程木素分子结构的变化、改性产物的表面活性以及对改性反应的影响因素进行了探讨。     

木素型造纸化学品

本文介绍了木素及其衍生物用于助留助滤剂、施胶剂、染料、增强剂等的情况,说明以木素为原料可以开发出用于造纸的各种化学品--木素型造纸化学品.     

Lignin-based Hydrogels for Biological Application

Lignin is the most abundant aromatic compound found in nature. The rich functional groups of lignin are responsible for its antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-ultraviolet, and biocompatible properties. As modified lignin has a higher molecular weight, water solubility, and better surface activity, it is a good candidate for the construction of new biological materials. Lignin-based hydrogels are a type of functional materials with broad application prospects in the biomedical field. This review aimed to introduce the biological properties of lignin and the application of lignin-based hydrogels in the biological field.     

Advances Toward Sustainable Lignin-based Gel for Energy Storage and Smart Sensing

Polymers obtained from biomass are promising alternatives to petro-based polymers owing to their low cost, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Lignin, a complex aromatic polymer containing several functional hydrophilic and active groups including hydroxyls, carbonyls, and methoxyls, is the second most abundant biopolymer in plants. In particular, sustainable lignin-based gels are emerging as an appealing material platform for developing energy- and sensing-related applications owing to their attractive and tailorable physiochemical properties. This study describes the preparation strategies of lignin-based gels according to previously reported methods, with significant attention on the diverse performance of lignin-derived gel materials. Additionally, a detailed review of lignin-based gels utilized as an important resource in diverse fields is provided. Finally, a future vision on challenges and their possible solutions is presented.     

液相化学还原法制备片状银颗粒的影响因素及研究进展

片状银颗粒具有独特的电性能、光性能等优良性能,近年来,在各个领域引起了广泛的关注.液相化学还原法具有反应条件可控、利于量产的优势,被广泛用于片状银颗粒的制备中.本文首先介绍了在液相化学还原法中片状纳米银颗粒的生长机理,分析了各反应条件,例如pH值、晶种、表面活性剂、硝酸银浓度等对生成片状银颗粒的影响.综述了国内外利用液相化学还原法制备片状银颗粒的研究进展;针对研究中存在的一些问题,展望了下一步的研究方向.     

木质素/聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的制备及其表征

为实现木质素作为一种可再生、易降解的环保原材料在制备碳纤维领域的应用,通过静电纺丝、预氧化和炭化工艺制备了木质素/聚丙烯腈基碳纤维。借助旋转流变仪、电导率仪、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪和比表面积测试仪研究了木质素的添加对纺丝溶液的性质、预氧丝和碳纤维结构与性能的影响。结果表明:在保证溶液可纺性和纤维成纤性的基础上,木质素与聚丙烯腈的质量比可提高到90∶10,最大程度地实现了木质素的高值化利用;添加木质素后,预氧丝具有耐热稳定的梯形结构,制备的碳纤维比表面积从50.49增大到849.89 m²/g,在电池和超级电容器等能源领域具有重要的潜在应用价值。     

纳米纤维基催化材料的制备及其在环境领域中的应用研究进展

纳米粒子催化剂具有优异的催化活性,但在使用时其易团聚且回收较为困难。鉴于此,以纳米纤维为载体,将纳米粒子催化剂负载于纳米纤维上制得纳米纤维基催化材料,从而有效解决了纳米粒子催化剂的回收难题。为更好了解纳米纤维基催化材料的制备及应用研究进展,综述了近年来纳米纤维基催化材料的制备方法和工艺流程,介绍了纳米纤维基催化材料在催化染料降解、有机物降解、重金属离子还原等领域的应用研究进展。最后指出：纳米纤维基催化材料具有催化活性高、催化剂易回收等优点,但仍存在力学性能差和制备效率低的缺点,尚无法满足大规模实际应用;为满足实际应用,提高纳米纤维基催化材料力学性能,寻求批量化制备工艺,是未来研究的重点。     

乳杆菌来源碳量子点的制备及其生防作用

目的建立一种利用乳杆菌制备量子点的方法,并用于防治细菌病害。方法采用水热法将干酪乳杆菌FJAT-13741、发酵乳杆菌FJAT-46744和植物乳杆菌FJAT-7926等3种乳杆菌分别制备了CDs-C(FJAT-13741)、CDs-F(FJAT-46744)和CDs-P(FJAT-7926)3种碳量子点,并采用透射电镜、红外光谱、XRD和荧光分析对碳量子点进行表征。选取青枯雷尔氏菌FJAT-91和地毯草黄单胞菌FJAT-10151作为实验菌种,采用抑菌圈法分别对3种碳量子点的抑菌性能进行研究。结果碳量子点CDs-C、CDs-F和CDs-P对青枯雷尔氏菌和地毯草黄单胞菌均有明显的抑制作用,其中, CDs-C的抑制效果最好。CDs-C碳量子点近似球形,粒径均匀(3 nm),分散性好,其发射波长依赖于激发波长,在紫外灯的照射下,出现明亮的蓝色荧光。结论本研究获得了一种对青枯雷尔氏菌和地毯草黄单胞菌有良好抑制效果的乳杆菌来源的量子点。