奶啤饮料的研制

以鲜奶为主要原料，通过发酵试验和感官评定，筛选出发酵风味好的菌株，探究奶啤饮料的工艺配方并进行奶啤稳定性研究。结果表明：利用啤酒酵母发酵，奶啤风味最好；当酵母接种量为4％，蔗糖添加量为8％，发酵温度为30℃，发酵时间为15h时生产的奶啤饮料风味最佳，而当CMC添加量为0．5％，黄原胶添加量为0．2％时，稳定性较好。     

开菲尔紫苏粕发酵乳工艺及稳定性研究

为研究和探讨开菲尔紫苏粕发酵酸乳的最优发酵条件,试验以开菲尔为发酵剂对添加紫苏粕酶解液的牛乳进行发酵,采用单因素和正交试验优化发酵工艺参数。结果表明,开菲尔紫苏粕发酵乳最佳发酵工艺为:蔗糖添加量10%、开菲尔接种量10%、紫苏粕酶解液添加量25%、培养时间12 h。在此发酵条件下进一步研究和探讨CMC-Na、蔗糖酯和卡拉胶这三种稳定剂添加量对开菲尔紫苏粕发酵乳稳定性的影响。试验结果表明:开菲尔紫苏粕发酵乳最佳稳定条件为:CMC-Na添加量0.5%、蔗糖脂肪酸酯添加量0.5%、卡拉胶添加量0.07%。     

开菲尔菌粒与酿酒酵母混合发酵优化开菲尔乳酒生产工艺

为寻求开菲尔乳酒的最佳酿造工艺,试验以开菲尔菌粒、酿酒酵母为发酵剂,牛奶、白砂糖为原料进行开菲尔乳酒的酿制。在单因素试验基础上,选取白砂糖添加量、开菲尔菌粒接种量、酿酒酵母接种量及发酵时间4个因素,以开菲尔乳酒的感官评分为响应值,采用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计建立数学模型,进行响应面试验。结果表明,开菲尔乳酒最优的发酵工艺条件为:白砂糖添加量12.6%、开菲尔菌粒接种量1.2%、酿酒酵母接种量0.4%、发酵时间4.9 d;在此条件下可获得色泽微黄透明、奶香与酒香和谐、酒体丰满圆润的开菲尔乳酒,感官评分为84.6分。     

芦荟奶啤的研制

通过时双菌株发酵方式的选择及发酵条件和原料配比的研究,确定芦荟奶啤的最佳配方和工艺条件.结果表明,当发酵乳添加量为30%,玉米糖化液用量为12%,芦荟添加量为7%,发酵温度为28.5℃,总发酵时间为72h,此时生产的芦荟奶啤产生酒精含量达到2.5%,且饮料口感达到最佳.     

果汁牛奶发酵开菲尔的研究

将草莓汁、菠萝汁、白砂糖加入鲜牛奶中经杀菌冷却后接种开菲尔粒制作的发酵剂，固定在25℃发酵，采用L16(4^5)正交实验设计筛选其它工艺参数。结果：草莓汁和菠萝汁的添加量均为3％，白砂糖用量为8％，接种发酵剂4％，发酵16h后获得了口感、组织状态、风味极佳的果汁开菲尔奶。     

乳制品加工

阿罗开菲尔奶的研制，芦蔡酸奶生产工艺的研究，杀菌型无脂低糖乳酸菌奶饮料的开发，果味活菌乳酸饮料的研制，香芋乳酸发酵系列产品的研究……     

五味子芦荟复合酸奶的研制

以五味子、芦荟为原料,经预处理、打浆、均质、杀菌、发酵等工艺,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化,确定五味子芦荟复合酸奶的制备工艺。结果表明,最佳配方为五味子果浆添加量6%,芦荟果粒添加量6%,白砂糖添加量8%,接种量3%,复合稳定剂添加量0.4%,43 ℃发酵5 h,在此最佳配方条件下可制出组织状态良好、香气协调的五味子芦荟复合酸奶。     

应用序贯设计优化混合乳开菲尔的发酵条件

采用序贯设计对以牛乳和豆乳为原料研制混合乳开菲尔的发酵条件进行了优化。首先应用部分析因设计对影响开菲尔发酵的牛乳与豆乳比例、酵母接种量、乳酸菌接种量、蔗糖添加量、发酵温度、发酵时间6个因子进行了分析,筛选出蔗糖添加量和发酵时间为显著因子,然后通过最陡爬坡设计逼近最大响应区域,应用中心复合设计法确定蔗糖添加量(x4)和发酵时间(x6)的最佳组合,最终得到混合乳开菲尔发酵的最优发酵条件为牛乳与豆乳比例为7∶3,酵母接种量为1.00×105 CFU/mL,乳酸菌接种量为1.00×107 CFU/mL,蔗糖添加量为1.6%,发酵温度为22℃,发酵时间为22 h。     

蓝莓果啤的生产工艺研究

实验研究了蓝莓果啤的生产工艺,果啤以蓝莓果汁和麦芽为主要原料,采用低温传统发酵。通过正交试验确定最佳的发酵工艺条件,并对成品啤酒的稳定性和感官评价进行了讨论。结果表明：10°P蓝莓果啤的最佳发酵工艺条件为蓝莓汁加量为10％,在后发酵开始时添加,酵母添加量为0．4％,可以使成品果啤具有水果香气和很好的稳定性。蓝莓果啤需避光保存,保质期为12周。     

新型乳饮料-开菲尔奶的加工技术

开菲尔奶(Kefir)是著名的发酵乳之一,起源于数百年前前苏联的北高加索山区,在中亚和中东欧地区广为流行.然而,国内在开菲尔奶产品的开发和生产方面尚未做过大量工作,还鲜为报道.因此,我们对开菲尔奶的生产加工技术进行了大量研究并初步确立了生产开菲尔奶的有关工艺参数.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status