固体超强酸催化合成月桂酸单甘酯的研究

以固体超强酸Nafion-H为催化剂,研究无溶剂条件下月桂酸和甘油直接酯化合成月桂酸单甘酯。考察了影响合成月桂酸单甘酯的因素,实验结果表明反应最适宜工艺条件为:月桂酸/甘油物质的量比为1∶2.5,反应温度为190℃,反应时间为2 h,催化剂为月桂酸和甘油总质量的1.5%,月桂酸单甘酯含量达到64.1%。催化剂无须任何处理即可重复使用,有好的工业应用前景。     

月桂酸单甘油酯抑菌机理、影响因素及其复配体系的抑菌特性

月桂酸单甘油酯(Glycerol monolaurate,简称GML)是一种亲酯性非离子型表面活性剂,同时也是一种安全、高效、广谱的抗菌剂,天然存在于母乳、椰子油和美洲蒲葵中,具有乳化和抑菌双重功能。本文综述月桂酸单甘油酯的抑菌机理,食品组分、水溶性及体系条件(温度、p H、盐度)对月桂酸单甘油酯抑菌活性的影响,并分析了与其他常见食品防腐剂复配体系的抑菌特性,阐述月桂酸单甘油酯在食品工业中应用的潜力和重要意义,以期为GML更合理的使用提供指导。     

半乳糖基甘油月桂酸单酯的抑菌活性和稳定性

研究半乳糖基甘油月桂酸单酯对食品中几种常见腐败菌的抑菌作用及其稳定性。方法：采用倍比稀释法测定半乳糖基甘油月桂酸单酯对5 种细菌和3 种真菌的最小抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）。同时以大肠杆菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌为指示菌,研究pH值、温度、紫外线照射及NaCl质量分数对半乳糖基甘油月桂酸单酯抑菌稳定性的影响。结果：半乳糖基甘油月桂酸单酯对大肠杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌等5 种细菌具有较好的抑菌活性,而对黄曲霉、黑曲霉和酿酒酵母等真菌的抑制效果不明显或无抑制效果。半乳糖基甘油月桂酸单酯对荧光假单胞菌的MIC为0.078 mg/mL,对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC均为0.156 mg/mL。半乳糖基甘油月桂酸单酯在pH 5～8范围内具有较好的抑菌活性,经温度和紫外线照射处理后,抑菌活性有微弱下降,随着NaCl质量分数的增加,其抑菌活性显著下降。     

非贵金属盐催化开环反应制备脂肪酸单甘酯的研究

月桂酸缩水甘油酯在非贵金属无机盐的催化作用下,经水解开环、冷却结晶纯化,可获得高纯度的月桂酸单甘酯产品。优化月桂酸单甘酯的合成反应条件,得出最佳条件为:反应溶剂乙腈,催化剂氯化铜,催化剂用量为月桂酸缩水甘油酯摩尔量的8%,反应时间24 h。将该合成及纯化方法应用于棕榈酸单甘酯和硬脂酸单甘酯的制备,并对纯化后的产品进行了傅里叶变换红外光谱和电喷雾电离质谱表征,结果表明该制备方法具有一定的普适性。     

月桂酸单甘油酯抑菌抗病毒特性及其在食品中的应用

月桂酸单甘油酯(Glycerol Monolaurate,简称GML)又名十二酸单甘油酯,是一种亲酯性非离子型表面活性剂,天然存在于母乳、椰子油和美洲蒲葵中,也可由天然的月桂酸和甘油直接酯化得到,是一种优良的食品乳化剂,同时又是一种安全、高效、广谱的抑菌剂,具有乳化和抑菌双重功能。综述了月桂酸单甘油酯抑菌抗病毒特性及其在食品中的应用,阐述了月桂酸单甘油酯在食品工业中应用的巨大潜力和广阔前景。     

固载型离子液体基硅钨酸催化制备月桂酸单甘酯的工艺研究

以硅钨酸、喹啉丙基磺酸（QuPS）为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了系列硅胶（SG）固载型离子液体基硅钨酸催化剂,并通过FT-IR、XRD、TGA-DTG、电位滴定以及BET等表征技术对催化剂的结构、热稳定性及酸性进行表征,同时考察了该系列催化剂在月桂酸单甘酯（GML）制备中的催化性能。结果表明：4%[QuPSH]1H3SiW12O40/SG催化剂显示较好的催化活性和重复使用性能。催化剂强的Br?nsted酸性、适宜的比表面积及活性组分（Br?nsted）与载体（Lewis）间的酸性协同效应是其具有高催化性能的原因。以4%[QuPSH]1H3SiW12O40/SG为催化剂,在n(甘油):n(月桂酸) = 5:1,催化剂用量为月桂酸质量的6%,反应时间4 h,反应温度423 K条件下,月桂酸转化率为96.6%,GML产率为80.1%。     

微波常压下快速合成甘油单月桂酸酯

在微波常压反应条件下,用甘油和月桂酸合成甘油单月桂酸酯,讨论了微波功率和反应时 间对产率的影响;实验表明,微波技术应用于酯类化合物的合成显示出微波合成的简便、 安全、快速、高效的特点。     

酶法合成麦芽糖醇脂肪酸单酯的抑菌性

采用脂肪酶NOV435催化麦芽糖醇分别与4种脂肪酸(月桂酸、辛酸、油酸和硬脂酸)反应合成相应的麦芽糖醇脂肪酸酯,并经分离纯化制备获得高纯度的单酯产品,测定了它们在0.0625~6 mg/mL质量浓度下对不同细菌和酵母的抑菌率及低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明,麦芽糖醇脂肪酸单酯具有良好的抑菌性能,对枯草芽孢杆菌和变异链球菌显示出很强的抑制作用,对大肠杆菌有较好的抑制效果,对酵母菌也有定抑制能力。比较不同脂肪酸酰基麦芽糖醇单酯的抑菌性发现,月桂酸单酯抑菌能力强,辛酸单酯和油酸单酯次之,硬脂酸单酯较弱。麦芽糖醇月桂酸单酯对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和变异链球菌的MIC值分别为2.0 mg/mL、0.5 mg/mL和0.25 mg/mL,具有比麦芽糖和蔗糖等亲水基月桂酸单酯更好的抑菌性。     

微波常压下快速合成甘油单用桂酸酯

在微波常压反应条件下,用甘油和月桂酸合成甘油单月桂酸酯,讨论了微波功率和反应时间对产率的影响;实验表明,微波技术应用于酯类化合物的合成显示出微波合成的简便、安全、快速、高效的特点。     

甘油单月桂酸酯的制备和应用

前言甘油单月挂酸酯是美国FDA批准公认的安全食品添加剂。LDs。＞259／kg添加量一般为0．1～0．2％，适用于面包和焙烤食品，干酪制品，人造奶油，乳制品，鱼糜，香肠和果蔬等。甘油单月桂酸酯，（GlycerylMonoLaurate，简称GML），是一种亲酯性非离子型表面活性剂，具有防腐和乳化功能．作为防腐用的GML单酯含量必须在90％以上，作为乳化用的GML单酯含量必须在70％以上。1．GML的制备称取月挂酸4009，甘油1849放入IL三口圆底烧瓶中，在CO。气流下加热sh，稍冷却后过滤，分出未起反应的甘油层，得到粗品，用适量的有机溶剂进行结…     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.