熟地黄粗提物对光损伤小鼠视网膜的保护作用

以光损伤小鼠为模型,探讨不同剂量熟地黄粗提物(360、450 mg/kg)对光损伤小鼠视网膜形态、功能及抗氧化能力的影响。对小鼠连续干预8周后造模,进行视网膜电图(electroretinogram,ERG)和光学相干断层成像(optical coherence tomography,OCT)等相关视网膜生理指标检测。ERG检测结果显示,熟地黄干预组小鼠视网膜对光的敏感程度均显著高于模型组(P<0.01)。OCT检测结果表明,熟地黄提取物各剂量组小鼠视网膜外核层(outer nuclear layer,ONL)厚度均高于模型组,并且具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。视网膜抗氧化结果显示,熟地黄提取物高剂量组的抗氧化效果好于低剂量组。视网膜中促炎基因表达结果显示,低、高剂量熟地黄粗提物均对单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(monocyte chemotactic protein-1,MCP-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)具有抑制作用。研究结果显示,熟地黄粗提物对光诱导的视网膜损伤具有保护作用。     

复配药材对眼部光氧化应激的预防作用

目的探讨各复配组方对眼睛的保护作用。方法以光损伤小鼠为模型,分别用熟地黄+枸杞子、熟地黄+菊花、熟地黄+铁皮石斛和熟地黄+枸杞子+菊花4种复配粗提物对小鼠进行干预,连续8周后强光造模,进行视网膜电图(electroretinogram, ERG)检测并采集视网膜进行抗氧化检测。结果 ERG结果显示,与模型组比较,药物干预组b波振幅均升高(P0.05)。与两两复配组比较,熟地黄+枸杞子+菊花组b波振幅高于两两复配组。视网膜抗氧化结果显示,与模型组比较,复配药物干预均可降低小鼠视网膜丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量(P0.05),升高超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活力(P0.05),且熟地黄+枸杞子+菊花组的抗氧化效果优于两两复配组。结论与模型组比较,各复配物均能够提高ERG的b波振幅和视网膜抗氧化能力,复配粗提物可能对氧化应激诱导的视疲劳等眼部疾病的发生具有缓解作用。     

枸杞子对光损伤小鼠视网膜的保护作用

以光损伤小鼠为模型,探讨不同剂量的枸杞多糖(lycium barbarum polysaccharide,LBP)粗提物(280、370、460 mg/kg)对光损伤小鼠视网膜形态、功能和抗氧化能力的影响。对小鼠连续干预8周后造模,进行视网膜电图(electroretinogram,ERG)和光学相干断层成像(optical coherence tomography,OCT)相关视网膜生理指标检测。ERG结果显示,通过比较0.01 b波和3.0 b波振幅,药物干预组小鼠视网膜对光的敏感程度要高于模型组。OCT检测结果表明,枸杞多糖粗提物各剂量组均较模型组视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)层细胞平滑,说明枸杞多糖粗提物对小鼠光损伤视网膜的形态损伤具有保护作用。视网膜抗氧化指标测定结果显示,枸杞多糖粗提物高剂量组的抗氧化效果好于低剂量组,呈剂量依赖性。研究结果显示,枸杞多糖粗提物对光损伤小鼠视网膜具有较好的保护作用。     

驼乳对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的干预作用

目的:探讨驼乳缓解小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的作用机制。方法:将ICR小鼠随机分为正常组(NC)、模型组(ET)、驼乳组(CM)和驼乳干预组(ET+CM)，通过测定肝组织(AST和ALT)和血清指标(TNF-α、IL-10、1L-6和IL-1β)来反映驼乳对肝脏的保护作用；基于转录组学探讨驼乳发挥保肝、护肝作用的机理。结果:与ET组相比，驼乳干预降低了酒精诱导的AST、ALT、TNF-α、1L-6和IL-1β水平，增加了IL-10水平。对4组小鼠肝组织进行转录组测序，在ET组和ET+CM组中共检出1 426个差异表达基因(其中673个为上调基因，753个为下调基因)。功能注释和富集分析结果显示，差异表达基因主要显著富集在MAPK、Toll-like和NF-κB信号3条炎症通路。对CD14、TLR5、TLR9等6个代表性差异基因进行实时荧光定量PCR测定。结果显示，与模型组相比，驼乳干预后能显著降低CD14、IL-1β、IL-6、TLR5和TLR9表达量，显著升高IL-10的表达量，与转录组测序结果一致，验证了测序数据的准确性。研究结果为解析驼乳对酒精性肝损伤的分子机制奠定了良好的基础。     

D-α-生育酚醋酸酯复配物对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的改善作用

为探究D-α-生育酚醋酸酯复配物对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的改善作用，通过测定天然油脂复配物+植物甾醇组（VEO组）、D-α-生育酚醋酸酯+植物甾醇复配组（VEZ组）、D-α-生育酚醋酸酯+植物甾醇+虾青素复配组（VEX组）的体外抗氧化能力，并采用小鼠颈背注射D-半乳糖建立衰老模型，同时用不同复配物进行干预。结果表明，三组复配物均有较强的抗氧化作用，其中VEZ组的体外抗氧化效果较佳；与衰老模型小鼠相比，经三组复配物干预后，小鼠体内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）、总抗氧化能力（Total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC）升高，丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）生成量下降（P<0.01），血清中炎症因子白介素-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)和肝功能指标谷丙转氨酶（Alanine aminotransferase,ALT）、谷草转氨酶（Aspartate ami...     

红小豆多酚对小鼠视网膜光损伤的保护作用及其机制研究

研究红小豆多酚对光诱导的视网膜损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。采用红小豆多酚连续8周灌胃小鼠并强光照射以建立小鼠视网膜光损伤模型，利用视网膜电图和光学相干断层成像对视网膜生理指标进行检测，并测定视网膜组织的抗氧化能力和炎症相关指标含量。结果表明：红小豆干预小鼠后视网膜b波振幅和ONL厚度均显著高于模型组（P<0.01）。红小豆多酚通过增加SOD、CAT和GSH-px酶活性提高T-AOC活性以降低MDA含量。红小豆多酚抑制炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α、MCP-1和NO的释放，还可降低VEGF含量以避免视网膜组织血管增生来降低细胞炎性浸润。红小豆多酚通过调节Nrf2-HO-1途径调控抗氧化能力，下调氧化应激反应，减轻NF-κB途径参与的炎症反应来保护视网膜。红小豆多酚对光诱导的视网膜损伤具有保护作用。     

皮蛋蛋白水提物在肠道系统中的抗炎作用研究

皮蛋是我国独创的一种传统大宗蛋制品,也是一种良好的"清热去火"食品。以"去大肠火"为导向,运用TNF-α诱导的Caco-2细胞炎症反应模型和DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型考察皮蛋蛋白水提物的体内、外抗肠炎活性。结果表明:皮蛋蛋白水提物(5和10 mg/mL)显著抑制Caco-2细胞IL-8的分泌,下调促炎细胞因子IL-8、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β基因的表达,并上调抗炎因子IL-10基因的表达。皮蛋蛋白水提物(150或300 mg/kg BW)可以有效缓解DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠体重减轻和炎症临床症状,降低促炎细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6的分泌,并下调结肠中促炎细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IFN-γ、MCP-1和IL-17A基因的表达。体内、外试验结果说明皮蛋蛋白水提物具有抗肠炎活性,可有效保护肠道健康。     

miRNA在牛乳过敏小鼠模型中的表达及嗜酸乳杆菌的干预作用

观察β-乳球蛋白(β-Lg)过敏小鼠模型中miRNA的异常表达和Th17相关细胞因子分泌的相关性,同时研究嗜酸乳杆菌的干预作用,探究益生菌缓解牛乳过敏的分子机制。BALB/c小鼠随机被分为正常对照组,β-Lg过敏模型组和低、中、高剂量嗜酸乳杆菌干预组,以ELISA法检测过敏小鼠血清中Th17相关细胞因子的分泌,RT-PCR法检测过敏小鼠脾脏组织CD4+T细胞中与炎症相关的miRNA基因表达,并对两者进行相关性分析。在此基础上研究嗜酸乳杆菌干预过敏模型对miRNA表达的影响。与正常对照组比较,过敏组小鼠血清IgE,ILI7,IL-6,TNF-α及IL-21水平显著增高(P0.05);其脾脏组织CD4+T细胞中miR-155,miR-21,miR-9和miR-146a mRNA表达量明显上调(P0.05),与Th17细胞的RORγt及IL-17mRNA表达水平呈正相关(P0.05)。嗜酸乳杆菌干预可显著下调过敏小鼠Th17细胞亢进,以及上述miRNA基因的异常表达(P0.05),具有剂量依赖性。以上结果显示,miRNA在β-Lg过敏中发挥重要作用,嗜酸乳杆菌缓解过敏的作用可能与其调节miRNA表达密切相关。     

三七叶水提物对5-氟尿嘧啶诱导小鼠肠道黏膜炎的预防作用

探究三七叶水提物对5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil,5-FU)所致肠道黏膜炎的预防作用。选用昆明雄性小鼠,各组通过灌胃给药,然后腹腔注射5-FU建立肠道黏膜炎模型。观察小鼠体重变化情况,采用HE染色观察空肠组织形态学变化,免疫组织化学法观察空肠增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应测定空肠屏障相关基因黏蛋白2(MUC-2)、闭锁小带蛋白1(ZO-1)、闭合蛋白(Occludin)和炎症相关基因白介素1β(IL-1β)、白介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α) mRNA的表达量。与模型组相比,三七叶水提物高剂量组小鼠体重升高了49.24%,高剂量组空肠绒毛长度升高了22.92%、隐窝深度降低了16.27%、绒毛长度与隐窝深度比值升高了42.32%,高剂量组空肠PCNA表达量上升了21.54%,高剂量组空肠MUC-2、ZO-1、Occludin m RNA表达量分别升高了157.66%、167.73%、212.14%;高剂量组空肠IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-αm RNA表达量分别降低了34.24%、35.18%、33.52%。以上结果表明,三七叶水提物可以预防5-FU引起的肠道黏膜炎,其能力呈现浓度依赖。     

连花清瘟胶囊对急性肺损伤小鼠炎症因子的影响

目的探讨连花清瘟胶囊对脂多糖诱导的急性肺损伤小鼠炎症因子的影响。方法 60只昆明小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、地塞米松组、连花清瘟高(8.04 g生药/kg)、中(4.02 g生药/kg)、低剂量组(2.01 g生药/kg),除正常对照组外,均气管滴注细菌脂多糖(LPS)5 mg/kg进行造模,造模后24 h取血,流式细胞术检测全血肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素1β(IL-1β)、白介素8(IL-8)表达;取肺组织,Western blot法检测肺组织磷酸化p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p-p38 MAPK)蛋白表达。结果与模型组相比,连花清瘟高、中剂量组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-8的表达水平显著降低(P0.05);连花清瘟高剂量组p-p38 MAPK蛋白表达显著下调(P0.05)。结论连花清瘟胶囊对LPS诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤有一定的保护作用,其机制可能与调控p38 MAPK通路,抑制炎症因子释放有关。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.