中国大豆核心种质异黄酮含量的分析

应用大豆核心种质库中的部分夏秋种质,分析了不同品种、省份和生态类型之间,总异黄酮含量和12种异黄酮组分含量的差异。结果表明:不同品种间总异黄酮含量差异较大,参试所有品种总异黄酮含量集中分布在1 000～4 000μg/g之间;发现了5个总异黄酮含量大于5 000μg/g的品种。将12种不同的异黄酮组分划分为4大类进行比较分析,发现不同品种间异黄酮组分含量差异显著;大豆异黄酮主成分与总异黄酮含量具有良好的正相关。比较不同省份和生态地区的总异黄酮含量和组分含量,发现不同省份之间总异黄酮含量存在显著的差异。总体来说,黄淮海区域省份内大豆的异黄酮总含量显著高于南方省份内大豆的异黄酮总含量;夏大豆类型品种的总异黄酮含量显著高于秋大豆类型品种。大豆异黄酮的主要组成成分黄豆黄素苷和染料木苷的含量在不同省份之间差异显著;黄豆黄素苷和黄豆苷在不同生态类型之间具有较为显著的差异。     

微量元素对籽粒中大豆异黄酮积累的影响

对两个大豆品种（高异黄酮品种中豆27和普通品种九农20）进行盆栽试验,施用七种微量元素（镁、硼、锰、锌、铜、铁和钼）,利用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检测大豆籽粒的异黄酮含量。结果显示,不同微量元素对大豆籽粒的异黄酮含量影响差异显著,其中五种微量元素（镁、硼、锰、铜和铁）使大豆异黄酮含量增高,但到一定浓度时,则含量下降;锌元素对大豆异黄酮含量的影响随着微量元素含量提高呈下降趋势;钼元素对大豆异黄酮含量的影响随着微量元素含量提高呈增高趋势。微量元素的含量对异黄酮含量的积累影响很大,镁、硼、锰、铜和铁五种微量元素的含量在0.5mmol/L～1.0mmol/L之间异黄酮含量最高。     

中国北方地区大豆主栽品种五种成分检测与分析

对中国北方黑龙江省、吉林省、内蒙古3省50种大豆主栽品种进行检测分析,分别测定了蛋白质、脂肪、植酸、总异黄酮和胰蛋白酶抑制剂的含量。通过分析不同省份大豆品种各项指标平均含量得出:黑龙江省大豆蛋白质、植酸、总黄酮平均含量最高,脂肪氧化酶含量最低;吉林省大豆脂肪平均含量最高,蛋白质、总黄酮含量最低;内蒙古大豆脂肪氧化酶平均含量最高,脂肪、植酸含量最低。对不同省份之间大豆品种各项指标平均含量进行差异性分析得出:各省份脂肪、脂肪氧化酶平均含量差异显著或极显著,蛋白质、植酸含量差异显著或不显著,总黄酮含量差异不显著。各省大豆品种之间相关性分析结果表明:蛋白含量、脂肪含量、总黄酮含量和脂肪氧化酶含量之间两两呈负相关关系,植酸含量与蛋白质含量、总黄酮含量呈正相关关系,与脂肪含量、脂肪氧化酶含量呈负相关关系。     

不同品种大豆异黄酮组分及体外抗氧化活性分析

为研究不同品种大豆异黄酮组分和含量以及抗氧化活性,测定了50个特色大豆品种的百粒重、色泽（L*、a*、b*）,通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定异黄酮组分,评估不同品种大豆甲醇提取物的DPPH、ABTS自由基清除能力,并用相关性分析、主成分分析及聚类分析法对样品进行分析。结果表明:大豆的百粒重范围为7.05~47.46 g。不同种皮色大豆L*、a*和b*呈现显著差异（P<0.05）。HPLC分析结果发现糖苷型异黄酮含量是大豆中主要的异黄酮组分,占总异黄酮含量的90%以上。其中染料木苷含量最高。安豆115品种的大豆异黄酮的总含量最高,为2500.78 μg/g;靖江丝瓜青品种的大豆异黄酮含量最低,为888.86 μg/g。安豆115品种的DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力较强,分别为（16.11±0.25）和（8.12±0.04）μmol V_C/g。糖苷型异黄酮含量与DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力有较高的线性相关性（R2分别为0.903和0.867）。主成分分析表明6项指标可用2个主成分来表示（累计贡献率达66.3%）。聚类分析将50个品种的大豆分为4类:第一类中黄豆黄素和黄豆黄苷含量较高;第二类中大豆苷、大豆苷元、染料木苷和染料木素含量较高;第三类和第四类中其大豆异黄酮含量基本处于中等水平和较低含量。综上所述,不同大豆品种的异黄酮组成、含量和抗氧化能力存在较大差异,可为其进一步综合开发利用提供一定理论基础。     

不同原产国大豆质量指标差异的研究

目的 揭示不同国家大豆基本理化品质的异同点。方法 搜集巴西、美国、阿根廷、乌拉圭进口国大豆样品750份, 对其脂肪、蛋白质、水分等质量指标进行测定。基于这些指标, 对不同原产国大豆之间的差异进行了分析, 同时探讨年份对这些差异的影响。结果 巴西大豆脂肪含量较高, 阿根廷大豆蛋白质含量显著低于其他国家大豆(P＜0.0001), 乌拉圭大豆则是水分含量较高; 年份对大豆脂肪含量有影响, 但年份差异远小于地区差异。结论 不同国家大豆的质量指标具有明显区别, 本研究可为了解不同原产国大豆理化品质特点、建立大豆产地溯源技术提供数据参考。     

净作和套作条件下大豆籽粒异黄酮积累规律比较

以我国西南地区3个常用大豆品种为材料,比较净作和套作条件对大豆籽粒发育及后熟过程中异黄酮积累规律的影响。结果表明：籽粒成熟期按总异黄酮积累速率可分为初始积累期和快速积累期;受田间小气候影响,套作条件下大豆较晚进入快速积累期;田间采收时,贡选1号品种净作总异黄酮含量极显著高于套作,南豆16和贡秋豆3号净作与套作之间差异不显著。3个品种籽粒后熟期套作条件下总异黄酮的积累量均极显著高于净作,总异黄酮含量套作均显著高于净作;后熟期不同品种异黄酮各组分及总异黄酮的积累量均存在显著差异。本研究发现净套作对3个大豆品种的异黄酮积累动态及总含量均有显著影响,品种间籽粒异黄酮的积累对种植条件的反应不同。相对净作而言,后熟过程更利于套作大豆籽粒异黄酮的进一步积累。     

基于脂肪酸含量的大豆产地溯源的研究

根据不同地域大豆的脂肪酸组成特征及含量差异,探讨脂肪酸指纹图谱技术对大豆产地溯源的可行性。采用气相色谱法对2016年黑龙江省主产地收获期大豆中10种脂肪酸含量进行检测与分析。结果显示:棕榈酸、十七烷酸、硬脂酸、顺-13-十八烯酸和花生酸5种脂肪酸可作为黑龙江省北安、哈尔滨、建三江和齐齐哈尔4个大豆主产区产地溯源的特征指标,且对大豆产地整体正确判别率为97.7%,对大豆样本的整体交叉检验正确判别率为93.2%,说明脂肪酸指纹图谱技术用于大豆产地溯源是切实可行的,这在今后的大豆生产实践中具有重要意义。     

对大豆异黄酮育种评价指标及检测方法的探讨

大豆异黄酮育种目前采用的评价指标是品种中大豆异黄酮总的含量,采用的检测方法是高效液相色谱法(HPLC)或紫外分光光度法。化学结构决定生物活性,不同化学结构的各种大豆异黄酮单体具有不同的生物活性,生物活性作用的大小也不同。随着科学研究的发展,这个评价指标还需要不断完善,其检测方法也应当能与国际研究接轨,这样将更适合于现代科学研究的发展。简述了大豆异黄酮育种的评价指标及检测方法,建议分别以染料木苷类异黄酮含量和黄豆苷类异黄酮含量作为育种的评价指标,建议采用AOAC公布的大豆异黄酮的检测方法。     

北京地区不同大豆品种异黄酮含量比较研究

异黄酮是大豆生长过程中自然产生的化学物质,被认为可以治疗和预防一些人类依赖激素的疾病.为比较北京地区生态条件下大豆品种间异黄酮含量的差异性,对53个品种种子中3种异黄酮(大豆苷元、染料木素和黄豆黄素)进行测定和分析.结果表明,品种间异黄酮含量存在较大多样性,大豆苷元为39.21～2 363.65 μg/g,染料木素为77.35～1 149.50 μg/g,黄豆黄素为0.0～51.30μg/g,3种异黄酮总量为146.73～2 845.60 μg/g.来自山西和山东品种的异黄酮含量显著高于其他地区的品种.异黄酮总量分别与大豆苷元和染料木素呈极显著正相关,而大豆苷元和染料木素之间没有互作.因此,可以利用高含量大豆苷元或染料木素材料选育高异黄酮品种.     

黑龙江省栽培大豆异黄酮含量的初步分析

大豆中含有大豆异黄酮，其主要活性成份为染料木素和大豆甙元。大豆异黄酮是引起大豆苦涩味的主要因子，同时也具有一定的生理活性。利用HPLC对黑龙江省46个主栽大豆品种（系）和6个特用豆品种的大豆异黄酮含量进行分析，筛选出3个高异黄酮含量的主栽品种和2个特用豆品系。并初步分析了遗传差异是影响大豆异黄酮含量的主要因素，同时栽培环境对大豆异黄酮含量也有影响。     

Effect of soybean varieties on the content and composition of isoflavone in rice-koji miso

To clarify the effect of soybean varieties on isoflavone, a useful component for human health, in soybean products, we investigated changes in the isoflavone content and composition in rice-koji miso, after fermentation/aging for 6 or 12 months using varieties of soybeans (Tohoku-126, Tohoku-135, Tohoku-139, Suzuyutaka and Chinese soybeans), by high performance liquid chromatography. In soybeans, the total isoflavone content in Tohoku-126 was 444 mg/100 g, which was 1.2–2.0 times the content in the other soybean varieties. The malonyl glycosides and aglycones in soybeans accounted for more than 60% and only a few percent, respectively. As for rice-koji miso, the total isoflavone and aglycone contents were the highest in miso prepared from Tohoku-126. The ratios of glycosides to aglycones (80.1–92.6%) in miso were higher than those in the original soybeans. The time course of the isoflavone composition during the fermentation/aging process of rice-koji miso indicated that glycosides decreased from 86.4% to 44.9% after 6 months but aglycones increased from 9.6% to 53.3%.     

3种不同检测方法测定大豆水分含量的差异分析

目的对比国标法、整粒烘ASAE法和快速水分法3种不同水分检测方法测定大豆水分含量的结果差异。方法取自3种不同产地的大豆,包括巴西大豆、美国大豆和国产大豆,进行大豆整籽粒和粉碎后的水分测定实验来比较大豆水分含量差异。同时对2种谷物粉碎仪差异进行了比较。结果以进口巴西大豆为例,用国标法测定水分平均值为7.76%,其中谷物磨测量值为7.75%,万用粉碎仪测量值为7.78%;ASAE法测得水分值为10.39%,快速水分仪测定值为10.7%。国标法水分测量值低于用ASAE法和快速水分仪法,且不同的粉碎磨粉碎后的水分测量值无明显差异(P 0.05)。通过对比,ASAE法和快速水分法测定的大豆整籽粒水分含量比较接近真实值,而粉碎后测得的水分含量比真实值低。结果表明,国标法中将大豆粉碎后水分测量值低于用ASAE法和快速水分仪法整籽粒法水分测量值(P0.05),且不同的粉碎磨粉碎后的水分测量值无明显差异。结论结合实际现场测量的实验环境、实验周期和成本等因素考虑,推荐谷物快速水分法为最佳检测方法。     

Change in isoflavone concentration of soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds at different growth stages

This study was conducted to determine the fluctuating levels of isoflavone in soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds of six varieties at different development stages. The average concentration of total isoflavone in the fully matured seed was 669 µg g^?1, whereas those in the seeds of the R5 (beginning), R6 (green full‐sized) and R7 (onset of physiological maturity) stages were 145, 296 and 611 µg g^?1, respectively. Sowonkong variety was highest in total isoflavone content of the fully matured and the R7 seed among all the varieties. In all six varieties, total isoflavone levels at the R7 stage were higher than those of R5 and R6 stages. Total isoflavone concentrations rapidly increased as growth stages transitioned from R5 to R7, as indicated by a positive correlation (r = 0.80***) between the total isoflavone and growth stages. Overall, total isoflavone levels were similar between R7 and the full maturity stages. Of the various isoflavone derivatives, acetylglucoside and aglycon were not significantly correlated with total isoflavone concentrations. However, glucoside (r = 0.97***), malonylglucoside (r = 0.99***), TGIN (genistein + genistin + malonylgenistin + acetylgenistin, r = 0.93***) and TDIN (daidzein + daidzin + malonyldaidzin + acetyldaidzin, r = 0.99***) were very highly correlated with total isoflavone concentrations. As a result, they constituted most of the total isoflavones in the soybean seeds at R5, R6, R7, and full maturity stages. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Isoflavone composition in F1 soybean progenies

Twenty F1 soybean progenies were analyzed for isoflavone content in order to investigate whether this attribute can be translated from parents to the corresponding hybrids. Content of total isoflavones in analyzed samples was ranged from 1.56 to 3.66 mg/g of dried soybean. Ten analyzed F1 progenies in one group had a mutual parent while the rest in the second group had randomly chosen parents. Contents of total isoflavones, total daidzeins and total genisteins were significantly different (p < 0.05) in these two sample groups. A significantly strong correlation (p < 0.05) between total isoflavone content in parents and corresponding F1 progenies was established (R² = 0.915). Similarity of the F1 progenies with a mutual parent was confirmed by Principal Component Analysis. Obtained results suggest that isoflavone content is the trait that can be derived from parent genotype to its F1 progenies and therefore the breeding of genotypes with better health promoting characteristics can be directed.     

超声波酸水解法提取豆渣中异黄酮条件优化

目的:对水酶法提取大豆油后的副产物进行研究,提取其生理活性物质大豆异黄酮。方法:采用超声方法和酸水解方法相结合对水酶法提取大豆油副产物进行异黄酮提取,在此基础上进行响应面优化,确定最佳提取工艺。结果:分析了影响异黄酮提取的各种因素,并予以优化。优化后工艺条件为:料液比为1:12.54,乙醇浓度为70.28%,盐酸浓度为2.6mol/L,水解提取时间为30min,提取温度为30℃。结论:超声波和酸水解的方法适用于水酶法提取油后豆渣中大豆异黄酮的提取,在加入酸水解后大豆异黄酮总提取量较单纯70%乙醇提取法提高42.55%。     

Biological activities of cheonggukjang prepared with several soybean cultivars

To select proper soybean cultivars for producing functional cheonggukjang, a comparison was made of the physiological activities of different cheonggukjang prepared with 30 different soybean cultivars. The isoflavone content was highest in the cheonggukjang made from ‘Daepung’ soybeans at 208.75 mg%. In general, the contents of glycone types (and derivatives) of isoflavone, specifically daidzin, glycitin, genistin, and malonylgenistin, were higher than that of aglycone types. The polyphenol contents ranged from 30.62 to 80.32 mg%. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of the cheonggukjang made from yellow soybeans had a higher activity than those of black soybeans. Although there are no consistent tendencies in the functional activity of cheonggukjang according to soybean color and size, the antioxidative activity is highest in the cheonggukjang made of yellow soybeans. Additionally, the fibrinolytic and inhibitory activities against angiotensin I-converting enzyme are highest in the cheonggukjang made of black soybeans. From these results, it can be concluded that the DPPH free radical scavenging activity and SOD-like activity in cheonggukjang depends on the phenolic compound content in soybean.     

大豆异黄酮精制工艺研究

试验比较10种不同型号大孔树脂对大豆异黄酮吸附性质和不同溶剂萃取大豆异黄酮效果,确定HPD-600树脂吸附纯化大豆异黄酮最佳工艺条件如下:上样液浓度0.15mg/mL、上样液pH值4～5、上样量4.5BV、吸附流速1.0ml/min、静态吸附250min,用80%乙醇作为解吸剂,解吸流速为0.5ml/min,3.0BV解吸剂即可解吸完全。得到大豆异黄酮粗品含量为20.11%,比粗提物纯度提高7.18倍;同时得出丙酮沸点回流萃取可得到含量为42.91%大豆异黄酮产品,纯度比含量为20.11%原料提高2.13倍;乙酸乙酯和丙酮组合沸点回流萃取,可得到含量为70.36%大豆异黄酮产品,纯度比含量为42.91%原料提高1.64倍。