IC＋CASS工艺在酒精废水处理中的应用

介绍了IC+CASS工艺处理酒精废水的工程实例.固液分离后的酒精废液用IC+CASS工艺处理.进水COD为12000~30000 mg/L,经IC反应器处理后厌氧出水COD在2000mg/L,COD去除率在90%以上.厌氧出水再进入CASS反应池经过进一步的好氧处理,COD降到300 mg/L以下达标排放.系统COD去除率在97%以上.     

MBR-NF组合工艺处理印染废水

采用膜生物反应器-纳滤(MBR-NF)组合工艺处理印染废水.在进水水质COD 372～1121 mg/L,氨氮16.17～26.85 mg/L,总氮19.18～46.54 mg/L的情况下,采用HRT 30 h,回流比300%的MBR处理后,出水COD、氨氮和总氮平均去除率分别为87%,95.8%和70.2%,达到GB 4287-1992<纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准>的一级标准;再经NF处理后的水质可满足印染工艺回用要求.该组合工艺耐冲击负荷,处理水质稳定.     

臭氧曝气生物滤池深度处理印染废水的试验研究

文章采用臭氧曝气生物滤池联合工艺对某印染园区污水处理厂二级出水进行了深度处理试验,通过观察臭氧曝气生物滤池联合工艺对二级出水的处理效果,为印染园区污水厂废水深度处理工程改造提供有用的调试运行参数。试验结果表明:进水水质为80-140mg/L情况下,出水COD能控制在60mg/L下;该工艺对COD总的去除率为35%-55%,平均去除率为42%;当臭氧投加量为20-30mg/L时,系统对进水有很好的处理效果且最为经济。     

制浆造纸中段废水生化处理技术研究

本文采用生物选择器 氧化沟工艺处理制浆中段废水,详细研究了生物选择器的启动停留时间、泥龄对处理效果的影响,确定了本处理工艺的最佳工艺条件.整个系统对COD的去除率稳定在97%以上,BOD的去除率稳定在98%左右.出水COD小于70mg/L,BOD小于15mg/L,SS小于20mg/L.     

沸石填料BAF处理制革废水的研究

在BAF反应器沸石成功挂膜后,考察了不同进水方式和水力停留时间下,生物沸石对氨氮和COD的去除效果,结果表明:上向流进水对污染物去除效果要好于下向流,上向流的COD去除率最高达85%,氨氮去除率达到95%,出水氨氮浓度低于15mg/L;2种进水方式下,对氨氮的去除均以离子交换作用为主,上向流的平均离子交换去除率为76.15%,而下向流则明显强化了硝化作用,平均硝化反应去除率为25.29%;活性污泥和反应柱对COD均具有较好的去除效果,去除率均高于70%;反应柱对氨氮的去除率高于75%,当水力停留时间为10h时,氨氮去除率为92.4%,反应柱对实际制革废水氨氮的去除率为84.6%。     

多孔载体生物膜反应器深度处理皮革废水的试验研究

本试验采用自制多孔载体生物膜反应器对某皮革厂经物化、生化处理后的出水进行深度处理。研究结果表明:在水中溶解氧DO为2.0~3.0 mg/L,水力停留时间HRT为8 h,进水COD为176.5~256.6 mg/L、氨氮为39.2~58.9 mg/L、总氮为51.9~76.5 mg/L的条件下,经过本反应器处理之后的出水平均COD为75.8 mg/L,平均氨氮质量浓度为8.8 mg/L,平均总氮质量浓度为22.9 mg/L,出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的一级排放标准。     

CLR厌氧反应器在庆大霉素发酵废水处理中的运行效能

对CLR沼气提升式厌氧反应器处理硫酸庆大霉素发酵废水的工程运行效能进行了研究。结果表明,CLR反应器对硫酸庆大霉素废水具有较好的处理能力,容积COD负荷可达到5 kg/(m~3·d),出水COD稳定在2 700~3 200 mg/L,COD和SS去除率可分别维持在70%和62%左右。在CLR稳定运行过程中,系统p H为7.8~8.3,且VFA质量浓度低于900 mg/L,显示出较好的稳定性。虽然系统的氨氮质量浓度可以达到600~900 mg/L,但是其并未对CLR的处理效能产生显著影响。CLR出水Ca~(2+)质量浓度可稳定在200~300 mg/L,Ca~(2+)的平均截留率为74%。但是较高的进水Ca~(2+)质量浓度会导致污泥钙化,VSS/TSS逐渐下降,且这种趋势在反应器底部表现得更为显著。     

两级UASB-CAAS技术处理酒精废液

利用厌氧处理与好氧处理相组合的工艺进行酒精废液处理试验研究。结果表明,在进水COD为20000～23000mg/L,有机负荷6.62～7.13kg/m3.d,水力停留时间2.51～2.62d条件下,COD去除率可达83.9%～86.5%,出水水质可降到2000mg/L左右;处理的有机废水可完全达到国家排放标准;该处理具有效果稳定、运行简单、处理费用低等特点。(孙悟)     

A／O型序批式MBR处理印染废水

探讨了A/O型序批式膜生物反应器(MBR)处理印染废水的可行性及效果,并对膜污染进行了初步分析.结果表明,MBR的A段可有效提高印染废水的BOD/COD值,同时进水BOD/COD值越低,效果越明显.A/O型序批式MBR对污染负荷具有较强的抗冲击能力,最高负荷时,COD、氨氮及色度的去除率分别为92.3%、92.7%和95.0%以上,出水浓度分别在60 mg/L、7 mg/L和40倍以下,相对于连续运行,其膜污染也明显减轻.     

高浓制浆废水催化氧化深度处理

监测的某化机浆厂吨浆废水发生量在24~55m3/t之间变动,高浓化机浆废水经过了沉淀—厌氧—好氧生物处理后,化学需氧量(COD)降至500mg/L左右,去除了废水中90%的污染负荷。对好氧出水进行了氧化试验,探讨了主要因素pH、H2O2、FeSO4·7H2O用量对COD去除率的影响,结果表明:最佳工艺条件pH值为3,H2O2和FeSO4·7H2O用量分别为2mmol/L、3mmol/L,COD去除率为86.1%,用空气作催化剂在1.2L/L用量下可对废水COD去除率再提高5.6个百分点,达90%以上。在工程上,曝气可引自好氧处理的风机房,节省了工程投资。在工厂现场完成放大试验后,设计建造了催化氧化工程,工程运行表明:好氧出水经过氧化处理后排放水COD降至54mg/L,BOD降至17mg/L,SS降至32mg/L,色度降至30倍,完全满足新的国家排放标准(GB3544-2008)。     

一株高浓度氨氮耐受的除氨氮菌筛选、鉴定及发酵条件优化

利用摇瓶富集培养以及平板驯化筛选的方法,从受发酵工业污水污染严重的土壤中分离筛选得到高氨氮耐受的除氨氮菌株N-2。根据形态特征及基于16S rDNA序列的系统发育分析进行菌株鉴定;以高浓度氨氮模拟废水试验验证菌株最高氨氮耐受浓度;并以氨氮去除率为评价指标,通过单因素及正交试验优化确定菌株最佳氨氮去除条件,为其工业化应用奠定理论基础。结果表明:筛选得到一株综合性能优良的N-2菌株,经鉴定为球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌（Lysinibacillus sphaericus）;通过氮素形态测定表明该菌经细菌同化作用可在10 h内对氨氮实现快速去除,无硝酸盐氮与亚硝酸盐氮积累,且在氨氮初始浓度为6000 mg/L的模拟氨氮废水中仍能进行正常生长繁殖;优化确定最佳氨氮去除条件为C/N为10、接种量5%、pH8.0、温度31 ℃、转速180 r/min和装液量62.5 mL/250 mL;且在最优条件下对50 mg/L氨氮10 h去除率可达97.7%,对100 mg/L氨氮10 h去除率为91.0%,对500 mg/L氨氮10 h去除率为71.7%。由此可见,菌株N-2在高氨氮浓度发酵工业废水的氨氮去除具有广阔发展前景。     

Performance of a constructed wetland with a sulfur/limestone denitrification section for wastewater nitrogen removal

The effectiveness of a nonvegetated lab-scale subsurface flow constructed wetland for wastewater treatment had been evaluated with the feed ammonium concentration of approximately 20-40 mg of NH4(+)-N L(-1) and a hydraulic retention time of approximately 10 d. The present system had a nitrification zone plus a sulfur/limestone (S/L) autotrophic denitrification zone followed by an anaerobic polishing zone and was operated with and without aeration. The wetland had only 80% organics removal and no net nitrogen removal when there was no artificial aeration. However, almost 100% organics removal and approximately 81-90% total inorganic nitrogen (TIN = NH4(+)-N + NO2(-0-N + NO3(-)-N) removal were achieved when the oxic zone of the system was aerated with compressed air. S/L autotrophic denitrification contributed 21-49% of total NO3(-)-N removal across the whole wetland and 50-95% across the S/L column. TIN and NH4(+)-N in the effluent were always < 5.5 and < 0.7 mg L(-1), respectively, when the feed had NH4(+)-N < or = 35 mg L(-1). Sulfate removal of approximately 53-69% was achieved in the anaerobic polishing zone. The position of the S/L column was changed (1.78, 2.24, and 2.69 m from the inlet), and no remarkable difference in nitrogen removal was observed. However, without the S/L column, TIN removal decreased to approximately 74%, and the effluent NO3(-)-N increased about two times (9.13 mg of N L(-1)). The present study has demonstrated the possible use of S/L autotrophic denitrification for nitrate removal in a constructed wetland.     

造纸法烟草薄片废水混凝预处理研究

以聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚合硫酸铁(PFS)为混凝剂,4种不同类型的聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为助凝剂,对造纸法烟草薄片废水进行混凝处理,分别考察了 pH值、混凝剂用量、助凝剂用量对混凝效果的影响.结果表明,PAC与PFS对COD、氨氮和悬浮物(SS)去除率效果相当,但PAC的脱色效果更佳.相对分子质量700万、离子化度为15％的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(PAM4)与PAC的复配体系具有最佳的混凝效果,在pH值为6 5、PAC用量为500mg/L、PAM4用量为5mg/L的优化工艺条件下,COD、氨氮、色度和SS去除率分别为70.8％、84.8％、72.3％和98.5％.废水的铝含量分析表明,该体系非但没有产生残留铝,而目大幅去除了原水中的铝.处理后废水的紫外吸收光谱表明,有机物含量降低.     

SBR法对缫丝废水的后续处理试验研究

通过研究影响序批式活性污泥法(SBR法)对缫丝废水的后续处理效果的各种因素,得出最佳工况运行条件。结果表明,在SBR法中,曝气时间为8 h,沉淀时间为40 min,溶解氧值为2～3 mg/L时,系统处理效果最好,COD、氨氮和TP的去除率分别达到90.5%±0.5%、95.1%±0.6%和78.2%±3.1%,出水的COD和氨氮都能达标排放。将SBR反应器作为缫丝废水后续好氧处理工艺,具有较高的处理效率和较好的运行稳定性。     

Nitrogen removal via nitrite from municipal wastewater at low temperatures using real-time control to optimize nitrifying communities

Although many studies regarding nitrogen removal via nitrite have been carried out, very limited research has been undertaken on nitrogen removal via nitrite at low temperatures. In this study, to improve the nitrogen removal efficiency from municipal wastewater, a pilot-plant of sequencing batch reactor with a working volume of 54 m3 was used to investigate nitrogen removal via nitrite from municipal wastewater at normal and low water temperature. The obtained results showed that high nitrogen removal efficiency with effluent total nitrogen below 3 mg/L could be achieved. Using real-time control with temperature ranging from 11.9 to 26.5 degrees C under normal dissolved oxygen condition (> or =2.5 mg/L), nitrogen removal via nitrite was successfully and stably achieved for a long period (180 days) with average nitrite accumulation rate above 95%. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was carried out to investigate the quantitative changes of nitrifying microbial community in the activated sludge. Fluorescence in situ hybridization results approved that the nitrifying microbial communities were optimized; ammonia oxidizing bacteria became the dominant nitrifying bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria had been washed out of the activated sludge.     

甘蔗制糖造纸厂三废综合治理利用实践

本文介绍酒精废液、造纸黑液、白泥、抄纸白水、煤渣、含SO2烟气、造纸中段碱性废水等的综合治理利用实践．实践表明，酒精废液、造纸黑液、白泥、抄纸白水对环境的污染已基本解决；另外，湿式脱硫设备的脱硫率达98.0％，烟气总除尘率达99.0％，煤渣回收率达98.5％，沉淀地排水指标CODcr<100mg/L、BOD5＜50mg／L．处理1m3混合废水的费用为0．02元，开辟了一条治理造纸中段碱性废水的新路子．     

木薯燃料乙醇沼气双发酵耦联工艺中氨氮的调控

乙醇-沼气双发酵耦联工艺是将沼气发酵出水回用于乙醇发酵过程并不断循环的新型乙醇清洁生产工艺。实验发现,沼气发酵过程产生的氨会随着工艺循环而累积,在乙醇发酵时会和还原糖产生美拉德反应,导致乙醇产量下降。因此通过离心和通气等技术手段对耦联工艺中的氨进行了调控。实验分为对照组和调控组,分别考察了氨氮累积、氨氮调控效果、氨氮对工艺的影响等内容。实验结果显示,经过7批循环对照组中氨氮浓度累积至811 mg/L,氨氮浓度为550 mg/L时,乙醇发酵开始受到明显抑制,导致乙醇产量下降;调控工艺中氨氮浓度稳定在350 mg/L左右,乙醇产量无下降现象。氨氮累积间接造成对照组中碱度升高,其他沼气发酵指标稳定正常。调控工艺保证了乙醇产量和工艺稳定。     

Long-term effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater and bacterial community shift in activated sludge

The expanding use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO(2) NPs) in a wide range of fields raises concerns about their potential environmental impacts. However, investigations of the potential effects of TiO(2) NPs on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal and bacterial community in activated sludge are sparse. This study evaluated the influences of TiO(2) NPs on biological nutrient removal in the anaerobic-low dissolved oxygen (0.15-0.50 mg/L) sequencing batch reactor. It was found that 1 and 50 mg/L TiO(2) NPs had no acute effects on wastewater nitrogen and phosphorus removal after short-term exposure (1 day). However, 50 mg/L TiO(2) NPs (higher than its environmentally relevant concentration) was observed to significantly decrease total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency from 80.3% to 24.4% after long-term exposure (70 days), whereas biological phosphorus removal was unaffected. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles showed that 50 mg/L TiO(2) NPs obviously reduced the diversity of microbial community in activated sludge, and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis indicated that the abundance of nitrifying bacteria, especially ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, was highly decreased after long-term exposure to 50 mg/L TiO(2) NPs, which was the main reason for the serious deterioration of ammonia oxidation. Further study revealed that 50 mg/L TiO(2) NPs inhibited the activities of ammonia monooxygenase and nitrite oxidoreductase after long-term exposure, but had no significant impacts on the activities of exopolyphosphatase and polyphosphate kinase, and the transformations of intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates and glycogen, which were consistent with the observed influences of TiO(2) NPs on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal.