黄原胶对马铃薯淀粉糊流变特性的影响

对3%马铃薯淀粉,黄原胶含量为0.2%、0.4%和0.6%的淀粉糊流变特性进行了探讨。静态流变特性测定结果表明,在实验范围内,不同黄原胶含量的淀粉糊的流变模型为幂率模型,均为假塑性流体。在相同流动方式下,随着黄原胶含量的增加,淀粉糊的粘度增加。动态流变特性测定结果表明,随着温度的增加,不同黄原胶含量淀粉糊的弹性模量、粘性模量逐渐下降,到62℃,两模量降低到某恒定最低值,温度继续增加,两模量急剧增加,到72℃后,两模量增加变缓。随着黄原胶含量的增加,两模量增加。     

高能球磨对大米淀粉流变特性的影响

为探究高能球磨处理对大米淀粉流变行为的影响。利用高能球磨对大米淀粉分别处理5、10、30 min及60 min,以未球磨处理大米淀粉为对照,研究不同时间球磨处理对大米淀粉的形貌、颗粒大小及流变学特性的影响。结果表明,湿法高能球磨处理使大米淀粉颗粒破损、表面变得粗糙,球磨及未球磨对照大米淀粉糊均表现为假塑性流体特征,随着球磨时间延长,淀粉糊的假塑性增强、流动性变大,大米淀粉糊的弹性模量G′和黏性模量G′′开始增加的温度逐渐向低温方向偏移,温扫过程中的最大弹性模量G′_(max)和最大黏性模量G′′_(max)不断降低;球磨处理和未球磨处理大米淀粉糊黏弹性均随频率增加而加大,随着球磨时间延长,相应频率下的G′和G′′不断减小,球磨30 min以上样品趋于恒定;球磨及未球磨对照大米淀粉糊均是触变体系,随着球磨时间延长,大米淀粉糊的触变性减弱。     

直链淀粉含量差异对糙米粉质特性影响研究

本文选取了5种直链淀粉含量差异较大的非糯糙米粉为原料,以凝胶质构特性、动态流变特性和热机械性质(Mixolab)为分析指标,比较5种不同品种糙米的粉质特性的差异性。结果显示,不同直链淀粉含量的糙米粉粉质特性差异性显著(p0.05),直链淀粉含量越高,糙米粉凝胶回复性以及流变性质最大弹性模量和粘性模量均呈增长的趋势,凝胶内聚性、糙米粉吸水率和粘度谷值逐渐减小。直链淀粉含量差异对糙米粉质特性影响较大,该研究为加工不同糙米制品原料的选取提供理论依据。     

超高压处理对莲子淀粉糊流变特性的影响

为了解超高压处理对莲子淀粉糊流变特性的影响,采用500 MPa高压处理莲子淀粉10~60min,使用流变仪研究了经不同超高压时间处理后莲子淀粉糊的流变特性。静态流变特性研究结果表明,莲子原淀粉及经不同超高压时间处理后的淀粉糊均为非牛顿流体,具有假塑性流体特征,其流变特性曲线可用Herschel-Bulkley方程进行较好的拟合。在相同处理条件下,莲子淀粉糊的表观黏度随着剪切速率的增大而减小,超高压处理前后的淀粉糊均存在剪切稀化现象,具有明显的触变性;动态流变特性研究结果表明,莲子淀粉糊的储能模量(G')与损耗模量(G″)均随着处理时间的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,在60 min处理条件下达到最小值。剪切结构恢复力试验结果表明,淀粉糊在经历低—高—低速剪切后较难恢复到原始结构。本研究结果可为超高压处理后的莲子淀粉的应用提供理论依据。     

交联程度对木薯淀粉特性的影响

为探讨交联作用对木薯淀粉凝胶的影响,利用快速黏度分析仪和动态流变仪研究不同交联度木薯淀粉的糊化特性和流变特性。黏度特性测试结果表明,随着交联度的增加,交联木薯淀粉的回生值和最终黏度先增加后减小,崩解值减小。由静态流变测试结果可知,不同交联木薯淀粉屈服应力T0大于0,流动指数n均小于1,表明该实验条件下木薯淀粉糊均为屈服-假塑性流体。淀粉糊(质量分数为6%)动态流变测试结果表明,在0.1~10.0 Hz频率范围内,交联木薯淀粉的储能模量(G’)和损耗模量(G")均高于原木薯淀粉G’和G";在4℃条件下老化2 h,适当的交联可以使木薯淀粉G’升高,损耗角正切值(tanδ=G"/G’)降低。淀粉糊(质量分数为15%)动态流变测试结果表明,在整个升温和降温过程中,交联木薯淀粉的G’和G"大于原木薯淀粉,降温过程中,淀粉凝胶的G’随交联度增加迅速增加,表现出更优越的凝胶特性。     

葛根淀粉糊流变学特性的研究

以葛根淀粉糊的动态及稳态流变特性为研究对象,以储存模量(G')、损耗模量(G")和表现黏度(η)为主要试验指标,利用旋转流变仪,研究淀粉浓度、氯化钠、蔗糖以及麦芽糊精对淀粉糊流变学特性的影响,旨在探究淀粉糊的弹性、黏性、表观黏度的变化,为葛根食品的工业生产提供一定理论依据。研究结果表明:葛根淀粉糊是典型的剪切变稀的非牛顿流体,其G'、G"及η均受这4种因素的影响。1)动态流变特性的研究结果显示,G'、G"与淀粉浓度呈正相关;随特定添加范围内的氯化钠、蔗糖以及麦芽糊精的添加量增加,G'、G"均有先升后降的趋势。2)稳态流变特性的研究结果显示,同一剪切速率下,η与淀粉浓度呈正相关,与麦芽糊精的添加量呈负相关;在特定添加范围内,氯化钠、蔗糖的添加量增加,η有先升后降的趋势。在工业生产中,葛根淀粉糊剪切稀化的行为有利于流动的淀粉糊充模成型,节省能耗。添加麦芽糊精会降低淀粉糊的弹性和黏性,而添加适量的氯化钠和蔗糖一定程度提高淀粉糊的弹性和黏性。     

不同贮藏时间对CMC溶液流变特性的影响研究

羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)属于离子型纤维素衍生物,具有独特的增稠、悬浮作用而在食品工业中得到广泛应用。CMC中由于存在纤维素酶,贮藏时间影响其流变行为。本文应用高级旋转流变仪通过稳态流动、应变扫描及频率扫描等实验详细研究了CMC不同贮藏时间对其流变特性包括零剪切粘度、粘度、粘度衰减及粘性模量、弹性模量、损耗正切等指标的影响,并从微观结构上进行解析。实验表明:CMC在贮藏过程中发生降解,使链段密度减少,与分子量变化作用相同,由于氢键等分子间作用力的减弱使其流变性质发生变化,并在贮藏4 5月后出现明显的变化。通过贮藏时间对CMC溶液流变特性的影响研究,掌握了其变化规律,这为CMC在食品工业上的应用与原料质量控制提供一定的参考依据。     

微波对蜡玉米淀粉糊流变特性的影响

本文采用微波辐射对蜡玉米淀粉糊进行改性.利用旋转粘度计对微波改性前后蜡玉米淀粉糊的流变特性进行研究,探讨了不同的温度、微波功率和微波时间对蜡玉米淀粉糊流特性的影响规律.结果表明,微波作用对蜡玉米淀粉糊的流变特性有显著影响.蜡玉米淀粉糊为假塑性流体,经微波处理后,由于淀粉的质量浓度变小,粘度下降,致使蜡玉米淀粉糊的流动曲线趋向平直,有向牛顿型流体变化的趋势,且随着微波加热温度的升高、微波功率的增大和时间的延长,变化趋势越明显.     

阴米淀粉糊的流变特性

考察两优培九、荆糯六号大米以及阴米淀粉糊在不同质量浓度和温度下的流变特性,结果表明：这两种大米和阴米淀粉糊都是典型的非牛顿型和剪切变稀流体,黏度随剪切速率的增加而降低;同时用幂律函数描述淀粉糊的流变特性,拟合精度较高。淀粉糊的动态流变行为表现为：在升温初期,储能模量(G′)和耗能模量(G″)的值先显著下降,进而平缓下降,在90℃时出现不同程度的升高,随后又下降。损耗因子(tanδ)随温度的升高呈现先下降后上升的趋势。原米淀粉糊的黏性大弹性小,而阴米淀粉糊的弹性大黏性小。     

银杏淀粉流变特性的初探

本文对银杏淀粉的流变特性进行初步研究。研究结果表明,银杏淀粉糊的表观粘度随浓度增加而增大,随温度下降而升高;其淀粉糊溶液属于非牛顿流体,并具有一定地触变性;1.0%银杏淀粉糊凝沉性比玉米淀粉糊沉降要快,沉降积为30%(V/V);且6.0%银杏淀粉凝胶的破裂强度是1.801N,凝胶的弹性模量为0.181×105N/m2。     

pH对莲子淀粉糊化特性影响的研究

为探讨pH对莲子淀粉糊化特性的影响,研究采用快速黏度分析仪、流变仪和差示扫描量热仪,测定不同pH条件下莲子淀粉的糊化特性、流变特性和热力学特性,并进行不等温动力学分析。结果表明:莲子淀粉糊黏度随着pH的升高呈现先增大后减小的趋势,强酸性条件热稳定性较差,碱性条件下热稳定性较强。不同pH体系条件下的淀粉糊均为非牛顿流体,具有假塑性流体特征,pH不会改变淀粉糊的流体类型。通过Power law方程对其流变特性曲线进行拟合,各样本均为剪切稀化现象,所形成凝胶为弱凝胶,体系以黏性为主。在pH5时,莲子淀粉糊具有较明显的触变性。莲子淀粉的热焓值、峰值温度、终止温度、糊化温度随着pH的升高呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,在强酸条件下,淀粉发生酸化,糊化进程及回生进程变缓;由不等温动力学得出:pH5时为莲子淀粉糊化最佳酸碱度。研究结果为莲子淀粉的综合开发利用提供了一定的理论依据。     

微细化莲子淀粉的流变特性研究

本实验以球磨粉碎后的莲子淀粉为研究对象,研究粉碎时间、淀粉糊浓度、温度对微细化莲子淀粉糊流变特性的影响。结果表明：莲子淀粉糊为假塑性流体,球磨时间对莲子淀粉糊的表观黏度有显著影响;莲子淀粉糊的表观黏度随着浓度的增加迅速增大,剪切速率越低,这种影响就越明显,但球磨时间达到96h后,浓度对表观黏度变化影响不大;温度对莲子淀粉的流变特性影响显著,随着温度的增加,表观黏度迅速增大,但是经过长时间球磨后的莲子淀粉糊的流变特性对温度的依赖性减小。     

The effect of rice variety and starch isolation method on the pasting and rheological properties of rice starch pastes

The effect of rice variety and starch isolation method on the pasting and rheological properties of rice starches was evaluated. One waxy and three non-waxy rice varieties from California with a range of amylose contents of 1.6–26.5% and four methods of isolation were evaluated. A rotational rheometer (RR) was used to measure the pasting and rheological properties of starch dispersions (8% w/w). The RR pasting curves had similar shapes to those from a rapid visco-analyzer (RVA). The four treatments used for isolating starch were a protease, NaOH (0.1% and 0.4%), or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (1.0%). The NaOH (0.4%) and SDS treatments were found to reduce the peak pasting temperatures of the non-waxy starches as compared with the protease and NaOH (0.1%) treatments. The same trend of the treatments was found with the elastic moduli, low shear viscosities, and yield stresses of the non-waxy starch pastes measured at 65 °C, immediately after pasting. The elastic moduli of the waxy starch pastes appeared to be least affected by method of starch isolation, but the low shear viscosity and yield stress of the protease starch paste was significantly higher than the paste from the other three treatments. Overall, the method of rice starch isolation was found to affect the gelatinization and rheological characteristics of hot rice starch paste.     

谷氨酸对木薯淀粉糊流变性质的影响

采用哈克流变仪,研究谷氨酸对木薯淀粉糊流变性质的影响。结果表明：添加谷氨酸前后的木薯淀粉糊均为假塑性流体且具有触变性,随谷氨酸添加量的增加,假塑性和触变性均先增强后减弱;淀粉糊的表观黏度随剪切速率的升高而降低,具有剪切稀化现象。添加/未添加谷氨酸的木薯淀粉糊都呈现弱凝胶行为,随着谷氨酸添加量的增加,其储能模量(G＇)和耗能模量(G＇＇)先增大后减小,损耗角正切值(tanθ)先减小后增大,最终趋向于牛顿流体的方向发展。     

Isolation and Partial Characterization of Mexican Oxalis tuberosa Starch

The chemical, physicochemical and rheological characteristics of Oxalis tuberosa starch were investigated. Oxalis starch presented an apparent amylose content of 33%, similar to maize starch used as control, with a granule size between 25–50 μm with oval and elliptical shapes and A‐type X‐ray diffraction pattern. The gelatinization temperature of oxalis starch was 64.0°C, that was lower than the one determined in maize starch (73.0°C), with an enthalpy value of 12.2 J/g, which was similar to that of maize starch. Both oxalis and maize starch pastes behaved as weak viscoelastic systems with the elastic character (G′) predominating over the viscous character (G′′). An increase in the level of solids in the pastes increased the values of the moduli. The results suggest that heating the systems (gelatinization), causes a more pronounced enhancement in the structure of the maize starch pastes than in that of oxalis starch pastes. Overall, it was concluded that due to its physicochemical, functional and rheological properties, Oxalis starch could be suitable for testing its use in the cosmetic and in the food industry.     

Morphological,thermal and rheological properties of starches separated from rice cultivars grown in India

Morphological, thermal and rheological properties of starches separated from five rice cultivars (PR-106, PR-114, IR-8, PR-103 and PR-113), varying in amylose content, were studied. Amylose contents of starches separated from PR-103, IR-8, PR-106, PR-114 and PR-113 were 7.83, 15.62, 16.05, 16.13 and 18.86%, respectively. The granular size, measured using a Scanning Electron Microscope, varied from 2.4 to 5.4 μm in all rice starches. PR-103 starch, with lowest average granular size, amylose content and solubility, had the highest swelling power, while PR-113 starch, with the highest average granular size and amylose content had the lowest swelling power. PR-103 starch showed highest transition temperatures, enthalpies of gelatinization, peak height index, range and enthalpies of retrogradation. The retrogradation (%) was observed to be highest in PR-113 starch and lowest in PR-103 starch. The changes in rheological parameters of rice starches during heating were measured using a Dynamic rheometer. PR-113 rice starch showed the highest G′, G″ and breakdown in G′ values, whereas PR-103 starch showed the lowest values for these parameters. Turbidity value of gelatinized pastes from all rice starches progressively increased up to the 3rd day during refrigerated storage, PR-103 starch paste showed the lowest turbidity value and PR-113 starch showed the highest value. The syneresis (%) of starch pastes, from different rice cultivars during storage at 4 °C, was also measured. The syneresis of starch pastes from all rice cultivars, except PR-103, increased with storage. PR-103 starch paste showed negligible syneresis during storage.     

菱角淀粉糊的流变性质研究

通过对菱角淀粉和绿豆淀粉进行流变特性分析,结果表明4种样品均为假塑性流体,8％的绿豆淀粉糊的剪切力大于5％的绿豆淀粉糊,反之质量分数8％菱角淀粉的剪切力小于质量分数5％的淀粉糊.在相同剪切速率条件下,绿豆淀粉糊比菱角淀粉糊的滞后面积大,而且四种样品滞后面积均随着浓度增加而明显增加.在质量分数5％菱角淀粉中添加4种不同添加剂NaCl、单甘脂、黄原胶、纤维素钠,结果表明NaCl、单甘脂、黄原胶的加入可以使淀粉糊表观黏度减小,羧甲基纤维素钠的加入使表现黏度稍微增加.NaCl、单甘脂,羧甲基纤维素钠可以使滞后面积减小,黄原胶可以使滞后面积增加.     

微波法制备莲子淀粉-绿原酸复合物及其流变特性分析

为探究微波处理对莲子淀粉-绿原酸双元体系流变学特性的影响机制,利用不同微波功率（200、250、300 W,8 min）处理淀粉-绿原酸复合物,测定并分析复合物糊化特性、流变特性以及分子质量等变化情况。结果表明：随着微波功率的增加,淀粉体系的糊化参数（除糊化温度外）、表观黏度、滞后环面积、弹性模量和黏性模量均呈先减小后增大的趋势,相较于单一淀粉体系,复合体系的下降趋势更明显,这表明加入绿原酸后,淀粉糊的交联结构被弱化。结合直链淀粉溶出情况及分子质量分析结果可知,绿原酸能有效干预体系中直链淀粉分子的相互作用,弱化凝胶网络中永久缠结区的形成,使淀粉糊体系具有更强的恢复性。综上,莲子淀粉-绿原酸复合物的形成能够增强淀粉糊体系的热稳定性以及剪切稳定性。     

Flow properties of corn starch–milk–sugar system prepared at 368.15 K

The rheological properties of corn starch–milk–sugar (CMS) paste were investigated using a concentric cylinder viscometer. Three types of sugars, namely, glucose, fructose and sucrose were used to prepare the paste. The paste was prepared at three different starch concentrations, 2, 4 and 6 wt.%, while the sugar concentrations of the three types were varied up to 16 wt.%. Milk with three different fat contents was used in preparation of the CMS paste. At constant starch and sugar concentrations and using skim milk, glucose was found to have the largest effect on the apparent viscosity of the CMS past. On the other hand, the fructose has the lowest effect on the CMS paste viscosity. It was also demonstrated that the pastes prepared with full cream milk have higher viscosity than the ones prepared using skim milk. The rheological CMS paste properties were modelled using Herschel–Bulkley model. The model was adequate and accurate.     

蜡质玉米淀粉的凝胶化性质及其在陶瓷凝固成型中的应用研究

本文对蜡质玉米淀粉的糊性质、流变特性和凝胶强度等凝胶化性质进行了详细研究。结果表明：与普通玉米淀粉相比，蜡质玉米淀粉易糊化，热粘稳定性差，冷粘稳定性好，凝胶强度低；蜡质玉米淀粉糊属假塑性流体，且糊的表观粘度受淀粉浓度、温度和pH值的影响。利用蜡质玉米淀粉的凝胶化性质可实现Al2O3陶瓷的原位固化成型，且成型的陶瓷坯体外观光洁、平整、无缺陷，坯体的密度高、线收缩率低。