五倍子染料的提取及其在羊毛织物上的染色性能研究

本文侧重以五倍子染料染得更深、牢度更好的毛织物为出发点,研究了五倍子染液的提取方法以及染色工艺参数对其染色效果的影响。结果表明,五倍子可选择在100℃提取,五倍子提取液在100℃沸水中能稳定存在2h,其耐酸较好,但耐碱性差;五倍子染料染毛织物的优化工艺为：铁离子媒染剂浓度7．5％（omf）,植物染料用量为50％（omf）,Ph4,染色温度100℃。     

五倍子染料的提取及其在羊毛织物上的染色性能研究

本文以中药五倍子为染料研究了其染液的提取方法以及染色工艺参数对其染色效果的影响。结果表明,五倍子可选择在100℃提取,五倍子提取液在100℃沸水中能稳定存在2小时,其耐酸较好,但耐碱性差;五倍子染料染毛织物的优化工艺为:铁离子媒染剂浓度7.5%(owf),植物染料用量为50%(owf),Ph值为4,染色温度100℃。     

植物染料茜草的稳定性研究

文章采用差示扫描量热仪、热重/差热同步分析仪等热分析仪器、紫外/可见光分光光度仪详细研究了植物染料茜草的耐热稳定性、酸碱稳定性及储存稳定性,测试了茜草染色毛织物的耐热压色牢度和耐罐蒸色牢度.结果表明,茜草色素在100℃沸水中至少可以稳定2h,茜草染料可采用100℃沸水染色;茜草粉末染料中的某些化学成分有可能在145℃分解,350℃炭化;茜草染色毛织物的耐热压色牢度及耐罐蒸色牢度均达到3级以上;茜草色素酒精提取浓缩液可以在室温下保存90天以上,其水溶液在酸性条件下较稳定,但在碱性条件下不稳定,颜色有较大变化.     

板栗壳天然染料的提取及对毛织物染色的研究

板栗壳中的色素是一种天然植物染料,文章通过对提取液吸光度的测试及其染色毛织物K/S值的测试与分析,讨论了染料的提取工艺及毛织物采用板栗壳天然染料染色时p H值、染料用量、染色温度、染色时间对织物染色效果的影响。结果表明,Na OH溶液是板栗壳色素提取的最佳试剂,板栗壳天然植物染料对精纺毛织物染色的最佳工艺为:染液p H值3,染料用量60 m L/L,染色温度80℃,染色时间100 min。在此工艺条件下染色毛织物可以获得较好的染色效果,色牢度能够达到服用要求。     

板栗壳天然染料对羊毛织物染色性能的研究

分析板栗壳天然染料的性能,对染料在毛织物上进行染色实验.选择染色温度、染液浓度、染浴pH值、氯化钠质量浓度进行正交试验.测出染色过程的相关参数,从中选择出最佳染色条件.同时,对染色试样的各项牢度进行了测试.结果表明,板栗壳提取液在100℃沸水中能稳定存在,但其耐酸、碱稳定性差;板栗壳染料染毛织物的优化工艺为:染色温度100℃、浓度为X、pH值5、氯化钠质量浓度9.3 g/L;织物的干、湿摩擦牢度和皂洗沾色牢度较好.     

苏木色素的提取工艺及染色性能

研究植物染料苏木在提取前的准备,优化苏木提取温度、时间、次数等,测试苏木染液的放置稳定性、酸碱稳定性,及苏木染液质量分数与电导率的关系,并对巴西林、苏木染液染毛织物的方法做了讨论.结果表明:苏木在提取前需将心材粉碎为适当粒度,以保证原料混合均匀;100℃提取,每次提取60min,提取3次;苏木提取液在酸性条件下较稳定,碱性条件下不稳定,变化很大;苏木染液质量分数在0～0.8%范围内,质量分数与其电导率成正比关系,在水溶液中稳定存在;苏木染料适于采用铝前媒染染色方法染毛织物.     

黄土媒染红色系天然染料婴幼儿面料生态染色

针对婴幼儿纺织品面料,选择红色系天然植物染料茜草和苏木来染色,并采用黄土作为媒染剂进行固色实现了生态染色。通过实验分析了茜草和苏木染液的浓度、染色温度、染色时间对染色深度的影响,并对染后织物进行了有害物质检测,结果表明由黄土媒染处理的茜草和苏木染制品色泽纯正,且有较好的色牢度。最佳染色工艺为:茜草染液浓度5g/L,温度100℃,时间40min;苏木染液浓度15g/L,温度60℃,时间40min。     

茶条槭毛织物染色工艺研究

为了研究茶条槭毛织物染色工艺,通过比较吸光度值的正交试验筛选最佳提取工艺,以硫酸亚铁为媒染剂,分析不同染色工艺和影响因素对颜色特征值及K/S值的影响,确定最佳染色工艺及工艺参数。结果表明,茶条槭最佳提取工艺条件为料液比1∶10,提取时间60 min,提取次数2次,浸泡时间24 h;茶条槭毛织物最佳染色工艺为后媒染,主要呈黑灰色调;后媒染最佳染色工艺参数为茶条槭染液质量浓度8.45 g/L、硫酸亚铁媒染剂质量浓度5.00 g/L、染色温度80℃、染色时间30 min、染液pH值5。茶条槭毛织物后媒染的染色性能有较好表现,其耐皂洗色牢度和耐摩擦色牢度均在4级以上,具有一定的开发价值。     

茜草染料对棉织物的染色工艺及染色稳定性

利用提取的茜草染料对棉织物进行染色,通过测色配色指标表征分析茜草染料对棉织物的最佳染色工艺与染色稳定性。经十二水合硫酸铝钾预媒染后,茜草染料对棉织物的最佳染色工艺如下：染液质量分数为4%,温度为90℃,pH值为12,染色时间为30 min。茜草染色棉织物在活性污泥中着色性能下降较快,其颜色由黄色向红色转变,着色稳定性较差。模拟日照处理的茜草染色棉织物,其颜色由黄色向红色转变,染色稳定性较好。综合分析认为：茜草染料对棉织物具有较好的染色性能,但应避免长时间在活性污泥环境中使用。     

葡萄籽染料对毛织物的染色性能

葡萄籽植物染料资源丰富,通过研究染色温度、染浴pH值对其染色性能的影响,优化了毛织物的直接染色工艺,测试了牢度和抗紫外性能.结果表明,葡萄籽染料耐热、耐酸稳定性好,但耐碱稳定性差;葡萄籽染料可采用直接染、预媒染和后媒染多种染色工艺对毛织物染色,采用不同的媒染剂和不同的染色方法可得到不同颜色的毛织物.葡萄籽染料在100℃、酸性及弱酸性条件下(染浴pH值3～6)对毛织物的直接染色性好,所染毛织物具有较好的皂洗、摩擦、升华牢度及抗紫外性能.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.