生物传感器在鱼肉鲜度测定中的应用

综述了用于鱼肉鲜度测定的几种不同类型的生物传感器,包括K值测定传感器、微生物传感器和胺类测定传感器。阐明了生物传感器测定鱼肉鲜度的原理、特点及其发展趋势。     

生物传感器在鱼肉鲜度测定中的应用

综述了用于鱼肉鲜度测定的几种不同类型的生物传感器,包括K值测定传感器、微生物传感器和胺类测定传感器。阐明了生物传感器测定鱼肉鲜度的原理、特点及其发展趋势。     

鱼肉鲜度测定生物传感器研究概况

综述用于鱼肉鲜度测定的几类生物传感器，包括胺类测定传感器、细菌传感器、IMP和Hx测定传感器、K1值测定传感器，阐明了生物传感器测定鱼肉鲜度的优越性。     

普鲁兰多糖在草鱼鱼肉保鲜中的应用

探讨普鲁兰多糖溶液对草鱼鱼肉的保鲜效果。以pH值、感官质量评价、细菌总数、挥发性盐基氮和过氧化值等为鲜度指标,鱼块经不同浓度的普鲁兰多糖溶液处理5min后,于模拟常温(25℃)贮藏,测定不同时间点其鲜度的变化。结果表明：普鲁兰多糖溶液对鱼肉有明显的保鲜效果,经0.50%多糖溶液处理的鱼肉,在模拟常温条件下贮藏12h后细菌总数和TVB-N值分别为2.15×105CFU/g和19.74mg/l00g,均低于淡水产品二级鲜度的要求,保鲜效果最好。     

电子鼻和电子舌在鱼肉鲜度评价中的应用研究

鲜度是鱼肉及鱼类制品质量的一个重要指标。电子舌和电子鼻技术都能快速地评价鱼肉的品质和新鲜度。本文主要介绍了电子鼻和电子舌的在评价鱼肉鲜度时的工作原理以及研究现状和应用前景。     

鱼肉鲜度快速检测技术进展

鱼肉的鲜度测定技术对于评价其质量非常重要.本文就鱼肉鲜度快速检测技术,包括图像分析、电特性参数、色差测量、近红外光谱测定、物性分析和挥发性物质分析等进行分析和总结.     

低温等离子体对草鱼鱼肉品质的影响

为研究低温等离子体对草鱼鱼肉品质的影响,将草鱼肉分别在不同电压(20、30、40 kV)条件下常温处理不同时间(1、2、3 min),并设立对照组,通过感官评定及测定鱼肉的TVB-N、持水性、pH、TBA值和菌落总数,判断鱼肉的鲜度和安全性,并利用质构仪分析鱼肉处理前后组织的变化。结果表明,低温等离子体处理后的菌落总数明显下降,在40 kV、3 min处理时最低为5.76(lgCFU/g),比对照组下降约一个对数值;低温等离子体处理后鱼肉的感官评分和持水性略有下降,但无大影响;对照组TVB-N值为2.40 mg/100 g,而处理组TVB-N值最高也仅为3.50 mg/100 g,仍在一级鲜度范围之内;TBA值在适宜范围内增量并不明显;TPA结果表明,电压为40 kV时鱼肉的弹性和咀嚼性显著提高,分别增加了0.31、0.29、0.21倍和0.39、0.64、0.35倍,黏附性变化不明显。综合鱼肉挥发性和非挥发性变化,表明该方法对草鱼鱼肉品质的影响较小,为其在水产品方面的应用提供一定的理论依据。     

冷藏期间养殖黑鲷鲜度和盐溶蛋白含量的变化

以养殖黑鲷为原料,对其菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(T-VBN)、肌肉盐溶蛋白含量及感官评定进行测定,考察冷藏期间黑鲷鱼肉鲜度和盐溶蛋白含量的变化。结果表明,冷藏初期黑鲷鱼肉菌落总数和T-VBN值增长速度缓慢,后期加快;在相同的贮存时间,真空包装鱼肉的菌落总数与T-VBN值均低于普通包装。在贮存期内,黑鲷鱼肉的盐溶蛋白含量与感官评分均呈下降趋势。在保持黑鲷肉鲜度和盐溶蛋白含量方面,真空包装要优于普通包装,真空包装鱼肉的贮存期可以达到10～11d,比普通包装延长3d左右。     

不同冻藏温度对鲈鱼品质的影响

为研究低温贮藏对鲈鱼品质的影响,将鲈鱼分别放置-10、-18、-80℃低温环境下贮藏32周,以质构、菌落总数、色度、鲜度K值、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)等指标,对比分析不同低温冻藏条件下鲈鱼贮藏过程中品质的变化规律。结果表明,-10℃下贮藏的鲈鱼在第24周后,TBA值和鲜度K值已超过可食用上限,开始进入初期腐败;-18、-80℃下贮藏的鲈鱼在32周贮藏期内,各项指标变化较慢,贮藏期结束时均符合相关标准。其中,-80℃贮藏组的品质变化幅度始终低于其它两个温度,更能抑制鱼肉颜色变白、硬度和咀嚼性下降,抑制微生物繁殖及鱼肉蛋白质变性,有效地保持了鱼肉鲜度,保鲜效果最佳。     

冷却速率对罗非鱼片冷藏品质的影响

通过四种不同的冷却方法,即冰、冰盐混合物、冰与盐水混合物和直接浸渍冷却,研究了冷却速率对罗非鱼片冷藏品质的影响。结果显示,四种冷却方法对鱼片的冷却速率大小为:直接浸渍冷却冰与盐水混合物冰盐混合物冰。冷却速率越快,汁液流失率越小,鱼肉颜色、pH值、TBA值和TVB-N值越稳定。通过TVB-N值可以看出,冷却速率越快,鲜度保持的时间越长,其中直接浸渍冷却的鱼片在12d达到鲜度的上限。     

鱼体新鲜度近红外光谱检测方法的比较研究

目的 建立针对淡水鱼整鱼鱼体新鲜度的快速无损检测方法. 方法 通过比较不同的光谱与相应挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)值的建模结果, 以及对比分析竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)、遗传算法(GA)及连续投影算法(SPA)三种特征波长选择方法对模型的优化结果, 对鱼鳞及光谱采集部位等影响因素进行研究。结果 鱼体有鳞时的尾部为最佳新鲜度检测部位。CARS法较优且鱼体新鲜度检测的最优波段为800~1100 nm, 采用CARS特征波长选择方法选择出23个波长变量重新建立PLS模型, 模型预测集相关系数RP=0.957, 预测均方根误差RMSEP=0.589 mg/100 g。利用CARS方法选择的23个波长变量对淡水鱼进行新鲜度评价, 准确率达96.67%。结论 该方法为淡水鱼整鱼新鲜度快速无损检测提供了一种有效的方法。     

A nondestructive method for estimating freshness of freshwater fish

The traditional indictors of fish freshness including total aerobic count (TAC), K value, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and sensory assessment (SA) were measured regularly to analyze the freshness changes during chill storage. Electric conduction property of whole fish was also studied by measuring their impedances under different frequencies as a fast nondestructive method. The relationship between traditional freshness indictors and electric conductivity was analyzed to determine the feasibility of evaluating fish freshness based on impedance change ratio (Q value) during storage. The results showed that traditional freshness indictors (TAC, K value, and TVB-N) values increased as storage time prolonged, while Q value and SA decreased. There were good relationships between Q value and TAC, K value, TVB-N, and SA (P < 0.01), with the correlation coefficients were 0.943, 0.996, 0.951, and 0.968, respectively. Thus, Q value can be used as a valid index for freshness evaluation and this method via measuring the electric conductivity property of whole fish is a fast nondestructive method for determining the freshness of fish during storage.     

基于视觉图像的鲅鱼新鲜程度的检测方法

鲅鱼新鲜程度是评价其质量好坏的重要因素。为提高鲅鱼检测新鲜程度准确性,研究基于视觉图像的鲅鱼新鲜程度的检测方法。研究对象是某地海鲜市场中的30条鲅鱼,通过鲅鱼视觉图像采集系统采集鲅鱼视觉图像,利用区域填充算法及形态学开运算对采用大津法分割的鱼体二值图像进行填充及去噪,融合上山法与区域生长方法分割鱼眼区域,通过全局动态阈值分割方法分割鱼鳃图像;提取图像特征时,利用图像的R、G、I分量灰度均值提取鱼体、鱼眼及鱼鳃图像颜色特征,采用G分量提取鱼眼中心区域面积。将图像特征输入到NeuroShell 2神经网络判别模型中,实现鲅鱼新鲜程度的有效检测。经实验验证,该方法检测鲅鱼新鲜程度的准确率平均高达98.28%,依据鱼眼中心区域面积+颜色灰度均值特征进行鲅鱼新鲜程度检测的准确率最高,且检测不同死亡时间的鲅鱼新鲜度的检测准确率高达95%,说明鲅鱼新鲜度的检测为海鲜检测提供了理论基础。     

Freshness monitoring of sea bream (Sparus aurata) with a potentiometric sensor

Freshness in one of the main quality attributes for fish commercialization and consumption. The traditional method for fish freshness evaluation is sensory analysis. However, instrumental methods such as electrical, texture and colour measurements, image analysis, VIS spectroscopy and electronic noses have been widely studied as objective alternatives. Each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages, but none of them can be universally proposed for defining and measuring fish freshness.     

纳米卟啉在鱼新鲜度检测方面的应用

鱼类因其高蛋白、高水分活度的特点,极易发生腐败变质。变质后不仅使风味变差,还可能引起食物中毒而危及生命安全。因此,新鲜度则成为检测鱼质量的一个重要指标。本文主要综述了卟啉及其衍生物的结构性质、纳米卟啉的制备和性质及纳米卟啉在鱼新鲜度检测方面的应用。鱼新鲜度的检测方法包括化学指标检测法、感官评价法、物理检测法、微生物检测法等传统检测方法和仿生技术法、光谱法、生物阻抗法、电导法、生物技术法等新型检测方法。利用纳米卟啉来检测鱼新鲜度具有灵敏度高、成本低廉、检测过程方便快速等优点,在鱼新鲜度快速无损检测中将发挥巨大的作用。而纳米卟啉材料因其特殊的物理、化学性质,成为更具应用价值的气敏材料。     

基于阳极氧化铝比色阵列传感器对鱼肉新鲜度的测定

为了快速、准确地对鱼肉新鲜度进行无损实时监测,本研究以阳极氧化铝片为基材,选取13种指示剂作为气敏材料,构建了一种可视化比色阵列传感器。利用所构建的比色阵列传感器对贮藏过程中大菱鲆鱼肉新鲜度进行测定。结果表明,在25 ℃条件下,当贮藏时间超过22 h时,鱼肉的总挥发性盐基氮（TVB-N）含量达到32.85 mg/100 g,鱼肉发生腐败变质,此时的比色阵列传感器中的阵列点发生颜色变化。提取阵列点在响应前后的红、绿、蓝（Red、Green、Blue,RGB）值并进行差减,对其进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果表明,该传感阵列能够准确区分不同贮藏时间段的鱼肉新鲜度。此外,将该阵列传感器应用于不同贮藏时间下鲤鱼和美国红鱼新鲜度的检测,结果表明通过传感阵列预测的TVB-N值与实际测量值之间没有显著性差异。因此,将该传感器应用于鱼肉新鲜度监测具有可行性。     

An Advanced Colour Calibration Method for Fish Freshness Assessment: a Comparison Between Standard and Passive Refrigeration Modalities

Freshness represents a pivotal aspect in fish product for both security and quality. Its evaluation still represents the key factor driving the consumer’ choices. Fish appearance is affected by many different factors that demand the contribution of different disciplines to be understood: from the physical and optical properties to the slaughtering and post-slaughtering conditions. An innovative preservation system is represented by the Passive Refrigeration PRS? developed for the preservation and transport of perishable food products. Scientific methods for product freshness evaluation may be conveniently divided into two categories: sensorial and instrumental. In this study, an instrumental method of colour calibration and discrimination is proposed at pilot scale for automatic evaluation of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) freshness. We propose a non-destructive method based on the colorimetric imaging of the whole external body of seabreams to evaluate through multivariate partial least squares which approach the differences in the freshness preservation under four refrigeration modalities. The matrix of the independent variables is represented by RGB values for each pixel belonging to an extracted region of interest (129,633 values). The dependent variable is composed by two dummy variable corresponding to fresh (T₀) or non-fresh (T₂) individuals. T₁ individuals were used as external test. The results quantified significant colorimetric differences between fresh and non-fresh fish. All fish used to create the model (T₀ and T₂) were correctly classified as fresh or non-fresh, while external test individuals (T₁) were all classified as fresh. The proposed imaging method merges different image analysis techniques: (a) colorimetric calibration, (b) morphometric superimposition and (c) partial least square discriminant analysis modelling. This innovative and non-destructive approach allows the automatic assessment of fish freshness.     

Rapid Assessment of Fish Freshness and Quality by <Superscript>1</Superscript>H HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy

A new analytical method that allows the rapid assessment of fish freshness and quality is presented. The method is based on ¹H high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR spectroscopy and allows the rapid determination of two well-established indicators of fish freshness and quality: the K value and the trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N) content. The method is demonstrated on four different species of fish (sea bream, sea bass, trout, and red mullet) stored on ice at 0 °C. The results obtained are in agreement with more cumbersome methods classically used to determine the K value and the TMA-N concentration. The main advantage of the ¹H HR-MAS NMR approach is to allow a direct measurement of these two parameters directly on unprocessed fish sample without using any preliminary extraction. The total analysis time, including sample preparation, is of the order of 40 min per sample.     

The importance of ATP-related compounds for the freshness and flavor of post-mortem fish and shellfish muscle: A review

ATP degradation is one of the most important biochemical changes in the post-mortem muscle of fish and shellfish. This process has long been recognized as an accurate way to evaluate freshness of fish and shellfish product. This review updates and condenses the overall history and recent advances in understanding the role of ATP-related compounds in post-mortem fish and shellfish muscle including a discussion of key analytical methods, their use as a freshness indicator, their roles in flavor enhancement, the factors affecting their transitions, and the possible mechanisms responsible for their impact on flavor and freshness. Moreover, some challenges and future directions for research regarding ATP-related compounds in fish and shellfish flavor and freshness are presented. With increasing consumer demands for fresh products with extended shelf life, understanding the relationships between ATP-related compounds and their involvement in the freshness and umami taste is a prerequisite for assuring the high quality of fish and shellfish.     

Metal–oxide–semiconductor resistive gas sensors for fish freshness detection

Fish are prone to spoilage and deterioration during processing, storage, or transportation. Therefore, there is a need for rapid and efficient techniques to detect and evaluate fish freshness during different periods or conditions. Gas sensors are increasingly important in the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of high-protein foods, including fish. Among them, metal–oxide–semiconductor resistive (MOSR) sensors with advantages such as low cost, small size, easy integration, and high sensitivity have been extensively studied in the past few years, which gradually show promising practical application prospects. Herein, we take the detection, classification, and assessment of fish freshness as the actual demand, and summarize the physical and chemical changes of fish during the spoilage process, the volatile marker gases released, and their production mechanisms. Then, we introduce the advantages, performance parameters, and working principles of gas sensors, and summarize the MOSR gas sensors aimed at detecting different kinds of volatile marker gases of fish spoiling in the last 5 years. After that, this paper reviews the research and application progress of MOSR gas sensor arrays and electronic nose technology for various odor indicators and fish freshness detection. Finally, this review points out the multifaceted challenges (sampling system, sensing module, and pattern recognition technology) faced by the rapid detection technology of fish freshness based on metal oxide gas sensors, and the potential solutions and development directions are proposed from the view of multidisciplinary intersection.