β-胡萝卜素乳浊液的制备及应用性研究

β-胡萝卜素微胶囊干粉复水速溶性不佳,应用需增加溶解工序,众多乳液产品开发都没有使用增重剂,因此干粉和乳液产品在应用中容易浮油及纳米化后水溶液透明,很难满足浊饮料、果冻等食品应用的要求。研究以β-胡萝卜素为原料,兼用增重剂来增加产品浊度和稳定性的要求,通过单因素实验,分析了油溶介质、溶解温度、溶解时间对3%β-胡萝卜素乳浊液产品的影响,确定了油溶介质和最佳工艺条件。从产品浊度和稳定性入手,通过正交实验对非离子型表面活性剂、增重剂、共乳化剂等进行了配方优化,确定了热力学稳定的3%β-胡萝卜素乳浊液产品配方和工艺条件,并对其应用性进行了研究。     

纳米分散高含量叶黄素微囊化的研究

叶黄素不溶于水,微溶于植物油,有限的溶解性和对氧化的高敏感性,阻碍了合成得到的粗产品在食品和饲料染色中的直接使用,为增加得色量并增加可吸收性和生物利用率,必须将活性物质的粒径减小到10μm以下,甚至有的达到了纳米级,因为叶黄素的着色效力和生物利用率与其在介质中的粒径和分散性直接相关,为此本文研究了以叶黄素为原料,通过单因素实验,分析了油、溶解温度、时间、喷雾干燥工艺对微囊化叶黄素产品的影响,确定了瞬时高温油溶和喷雾冷凝法微囊化叶黄素新工艺;并通过正交实验,从产品感观质量和稳定性入手,确定了合理的水溶性5%叶黄素微囊化产品配方,解决了高含量叶黄素产品的稳定性、异构和高脂溶难吸收的三大难题。     

番茄籽油微乳制备工艺的优化及稳定性研究

以番茄籽油为原料,通过对表面活性剂、助表面活性剂及油相等因素的选择优化,确定了番茄籽油微乳的基本制备工艺及其参数。结果表明:以Tween-80为表面活性剂、丙三醇为助表面活性剂,K_m(表面活性剂与助表面活性剂比值)值为2.68、混合表面活性剂与番茄籽油的比值为7.05时,乳化率为65.72%,乳化效果良好;同时考察了不同因素(高温、低温、光照、盐离子浓度和种类)对微乳稳定性的影响,研究表明微乳的低温、盐离子浓度稳定性较好,而高温、光照和盐离子种类稳定性较差。     

叶黄素-花青素脂质体的制备及其体外抗氧化活性研究

采用分段乳化结合超声薄膜法制备氧化性更强、更稳定的叶黄素–花青素脂质体。结果表明:叶黄素的乳化最佳HLB值为10.9,选用的复合表面活性剂双乙酰酒石酸单甘油酯和辛奎酸甘油酯为42∶58。叶黄素与花青素在60℃,p H 9,膜材用量为7.9%的条件下,超声乳化47 min,包封率可达38%;体外抗氧化实验(ABTS自由基、DPPH自由基和OH·清除实验)表明叶黄素和花青素具有协同抗氧化作用。     

响应面优化微波辅助提取玉米叶黄素工艺

基于微波辅助提取工艺,在萃取液中添加表面活性剂增加玉米黄粉中叶黄素的溶出,并用响应面法对提取工艺进行优化。对表面活性剂质量分数,微波时间和液料比3个因素进行Box-Behnken中心组合设计,分析3个因素对叶黄素提取率的影响。表面活性剂辅助微波提取玉米黄粉叶黄素的最佳工艺条件为：添加十二烷基硫酸钠质量分数1.15%,液料比14∶1（mL/g）条件下微波炉中高火提取时间6min,得到叶黄素的提取率为8.6%。在此条件下,玉米叶黄素的提取率得到有效提高,方便为实际生产提供一定的理论指导。     

美藤果油微乳体系的构建

研究美藤果油微乳体系的构建,以微乳体系中植物油含量为评价指标,通过单因素实验对油的种类、助表面活性剂的种类及用量、表面活性剂的种类、辅助油相的种类进行优选,根据最优配方进行伪三元相图的测定。结果表明:选用2.5 g美藤果油与1.5 g橄榄油进行复配,并采用2 g肉豆蔻酸异丙酯作为辅助油相,2 g聚乙二醇400(PEG400)作为助表面活性剂,2 g氢化蓖麻油作表面活性剂,最终得到植物油含量为39.53%的微乳体系。该美藤果油微乳体系能够有效提高美藤果油在化妆品中的含量。     

水分散性叶黄素微乳的制备工艺研究

采用微乳技术来提高叶黄素水分散性,考察了表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、食用油、表面活性剂/助表面活性剂比值、温度和NaCl浓度对叶黄素微乳形成的影响。结果表明:以Tween 80为表面活性剂,无水乙醇为助表面活性剂时,无水乙醇∶Tween80以1∶1混合,加入玉米油和叶黄素,其中玉米油与叶黄素的质量比为10∶1,在50℃低速搅拌过程中逐滴添加去离子水。当混合体系由凝胶相变得澄清透明,此时即形成叶黄素微乳,叶黄素含量达到0.22%。0.5%~2%的NaCl对叶黄素微乳形成影响较小。     

基于环烷烃的皮革加脂剂的制备及应用性能研究

以环烷烃为油脂成分,分别利用非离子表面活性剂(司班-80,吐温-80)和阴离子表面活性剂(石油磺酸钠)将其乳化,制备了加脂剂STB和TB.通过静置稳定性、离心稳定性、水乳液稳定性和粒径的测定,分别确定了非离子和阴离子表面活性剂的最佳乳化条件.对于非离子表面活性剂,采用剂在油中法,S/O/W=10 ∶ 30 ∶ 60(水...     

酶解玉米醇溶蛋白-叶黄素纳米粒的制备、结构表征及体外抗氧化和释放特性研究

本研究采用中性蛋白酶（Neutral protease, NPT）对玉米醇溶蛋白（Zein）进行酶解改性,通过反溶剂法构建玉米醇溶蛋白酶解物（Corn protein hydrolysate,CPH）负载叶黄素（CPH-LUT）纳米体系,研究了其结构表征、体外抗氧化活性及溶解释放特性。研究结果表明,最佳酶解条件为：酶用量 2.7%,酶解时间60 min,酶解温度50℃,酶解pH 6.0,在此条件下,对叶黄素的包封率最高可达92.1 ± 1.5%：制备的CPH-LUT纳米粒的平均粒径为173.7 nm,多分散系数为0.077,Zeta电位为-18.1 mV;抗氧化和体外释放实验表明,CPH-LUT纳米粒中叶黄素的溶解性以及抗氧化活性显著提高,叶黄素在胃液和肠液中的释放皆符合一级动力学模型,且CPH对叶黄素具有一定的缓释作用。NPT酶解改性的玉米蛋白可作为叶黄素类功能成分保护和输送的有效载体。     

宏基因组文库脂肪酶提取分离叶黄素晶体的工艺研究

以万寿菊油树脂为原料,采用源于宏基因组文库脂肪酶处理,有机溶剂萃取的方法提取叶黄素,研究优化此过程的工艺条件。实验表明:万寿菊油树脂的最适溶解介质为乙醇溶液,宏基因组文库脂肪酶的添加量为万寿菊油树脂的2.0%,水解时间为12min,水解温度为50℃,液料比7v/m,提取温度40℃。对此工艺进行验证叶黄素提取率可达94.8%,收率为84.6%;总类胡萝卜素的含量为87.2%,其中含全反式叶黄素91.2%,全反式玉米黄质5.6%。与普通酶法提取叶黄素的方法相比较,本研究所采用的宏基因文库脂肪酶的效率更高,制备的叶黄素含量和收率更高,此方法明显优于普通酶法。     

Lutein Is Stable in Strawberry Yogurt and Does Not Affect its Characteristics

ABSTRACT:  The impact of various levels of lutein on the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of yogurt over its shelf life was determined. Nonfat strawberry yogurts were prepared with 0, 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 mg lutein per 170 g serving (20% overages were included to account for processing losses). The lutein was incorporated prior to homogenization of the yogurt mix. Stability of lutein, viscosity, pH, syneresis, standard plate counts, coliform counts, color (L*, a*, b*), and sensory evaluation (flavor, body and texture, and appearance and color) were measured at weeks 0, 1, 3, and 5 after product manufacture. The interaction effect between levels of lutein and storage time was significant for a* (redness-greenness) values. Lutein levels remained above target throughout the 5-wk storage study. Lutein did not affect viscosity, pH, syneresis, L* (lightness) and b* (yellowness-blueness) values, standard plate counts, coliform counts, flavor, body, texture, appearance, and color scores. These results suggested that lutein was suitable for inclusion in functional yogurts. The skin and eye health benefits provided by lutein can easily be incorporated into yogurt to complement inherent nutritional properties.     

万寿菊提取物中游离叶黄素的制备及纯化

以万寿菊正己烷提取物为原料,系统地考察了由万寿菊提取物制备游离叶黄素的条件,并对粗产品进行纯化。在单因素试验的基础上,用L16(45)正交试验对游离叶黄素的制备工艺进行优化,以皂化液浓度、液料比、皂化温度以及皂化时间为因素,以游离叶黄素的含量为指标进行试验,得到最佳的制备条件;并对硅胶柱层析纯化的梯度洗脱条件进行摸索;采用薄层色谱扫描法进行测定。确定最佳皂化制备条件是:皂化液为35%的KOH-甲醇,液料比20:1(ml/g),皂化温度55℃,皂化时间4h;在此条件下,可使游离叶黄素的含量由原料中的0.25%上升到45.59%,通过硅胶柱层析纯化后,游离叶黄素的含量可提高到93.55%。     

叶黄素的生物转化及纯化

本实验对叶黄素衍生物的微生物转化进行了研究,主要考察了培养基种类、菌种、震荡培养与静置培养、pH值、菌种接种量等因素对叶黄素转化效果的影响,以双波长薄层色谱法进行定性、定量检测,优化出最佳转化条件:用pH值为3的诱导产酶培养基接种C菌(青霉属)6环,震荡培养15d,使得游离叶黄素的含量由0.25%提高到56.70%。采用硅胶柱层析对微生物转化产品进行分离纯化,得到最佳柱层析分离条件:上样量为0.5g;洗脱剂为石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:2;流速为3ml/min,所得产品游离叶黄素纯度可达90.20%。     

改性ASA中性施胶剂的研究

针对烯基琥珀酸酐(ASA)存在的难乳化、易水解的问题进行了研究，目的是制备新型的自乳化ASA中性施胶剂。通过乳化剂和稳定剂的筛选，制备了一种自乳化的ASA油液，其稳定性好，可在室温下长期稳定贮存，在使用时再加水乳化，这就有效地避免了ASA易产生的水解问题，且具有明显的中性施胶效果。     

含硅烷链段水性聚氨酯的合成及性能研究

采用自乳化法合成了一种含有硅烷链段的水性聚氨酯整理剂,探讨了硅烷链段对水性聚氨酯整理剂的反应状态、产物粒径、粘度等的影响.结果表明:当n(硅烷扩链剂):n(硬链段调节剂)=3:7时,反应结束后产物仍为透明的黄色液体,状态未改变,仅体系粘度有所增加.随着水性聚氨酯大分子中硅烷链段含量的增加,水分散液的透光率逐渐减小,即水分散液中粒子的粒径逐渐增大.随着硅烷扩链剂含量的增加,粘度呈递增趋势.将该整理剂应用于活性染料深色纯棉织物的耐摩擦色牢度整理,在获得较好提升效果的同时,可以在一定程度上改善织物的手感.     

Study on the spray-drying encapsulation of lutein in the porous starch and gelatin mixture

Spray-drying encapsulation of lutein was conducted to improve its stability and water-solubility. With the porous starch and gelatin as wall material, lutein microcapsules were effectively prepared by spray-drying process. Results showed the optimal technology of lutein encapsulation as follows: the ratio of core to wall material of 1/30, embedding temperature of 60 °C, embedding time 1.5 h, inlet gas temperature of 190 °C, feed flow rate 50 mL/min and drying air flow 60 m³/h, at which the microcapsules had good encapsulation efficiency (94.4 ± 0.4)% and high yield of product (92.6 ± 1.7)%. Its solubility was increased and it could be directly dissolved in water. The stability of lutein microcapsule in the new carrier mixture against heat, pH, light and oxygen was also greatly improved and their retention rates had been improved about 15–50% than that of free lutein. The results would be helpful to the application of lutein in food industry.     

Development and performance evaluation of amorphous microencapsules containing lutein nanoparticles via antisolvent precipitation followed by spray/freeze-drying

This study developed nano-sized lutein-loaded solid microcapsules using antisolvent precipitation followed by spray/freeze-drying methods to improve chemical stability and dissolution efficiency. In antisolvent precipitation, lutein nanosuspensions with a particle size of 201.1 ± 4.3 nm were obtained with maltodextrin–Tween 80 as combined stabilisers. The effects of two drying methods on the performance characteristics of the microencapsulated powders were investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses revealed the amorphous state of lutein and potential hydrogen bond interactions in the solid microcapsules. Stability testing showed that microencapsulation greatly reduced lutein loss (>80% plateau retention value (RV)) and retained the product colour (<1.5 ΔC) during long-term storage. The release behaviour of lutein in the microencapsulated powder was evaluated via dissolution studies, which indicated that the spray-dried microcapsules displayed faster and more complete dissolution behaviour (>90% within 10 min). In conclusion, an amorphous nanoparticle strategy based on antisolvent precipitation and spray-drying can be utilised to obtain commercially available lutein formulations with high stability and fast release.     

Light-absorbing and antiradical properties of a product with lutein and zeaxanthin in vitro and kinetics of carotinoids at single oral administration on rats

Light-absorbing and antiradical properties of the new product on a basis of lutein and zeaxanthin for correction of eye diseases in model system of initiated oxidation of isopropylbenzene were investigated. It is shown, that the product is the effective light-absorbing agent and inhibitor of free-radical oxidation in vitro. In experiments on animals (rat) the pharmacokinetics of the product was investigated at single oral administration. A simple, specific and sensitive RP-HPLC method for the determination of lutein in rat plasma was developed, which was applied to pharmacokinetic investigation in rats after oral administration of lutein at dose 20 mg/kg. It was established, that the peak plasma levels was achieved to 2 hour and the mean elimination half life was 2,4 hours.     

封闭异氰酸酯的合成及在造纸中的应用

以甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯（2,4-TDI）和聚乙二醇（PEG 1000）为原料,N-甲基-二乙醇胺（MDEA）为亲水扩链剂,采用自乳化法制备出乙酰苯胺封闭的水性聚氨酯（WPU）乳液。探讨了自乳化的条件及其对聚氨酯乳液性能的影响,并将制得的水性聚氨酯乳液用于纸页增强。结果显示：添加了制备湿强剂的纸张性能明显比未添加湿强剂的纸张好。