产类细菌素乳酸菌筛选及类细菌素的特性

从泡菜中分离到一株产生类细菌素的乳酸菌,通过双层平板扩散试验测试这种类细菌素的抑菌活性,并且研究其部分生物学特性.经形态特征、生理生化特征和API试剂条鉴定,该菌为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum).产生的类细菌素对所试菌株具有明显的抑制作用,排除有机酸、过氧化氢和糖类的干扰后,仍有抑菌活性.这种类细菌素对热、酸碱稳定,微量的K+,Mn2+,Mg2+能增强其抑菌活性,Fe2+和Cu2+能减弱活性;可被4种蛋白酶失活,表明这种类细菌素是一种蛋白质活性物质.该类细菌素的作用方式是杀菌,抑菌谱广,可抑制多种革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌的生长.     

嗜酸乳杆菌产类细菌素Lactobacillin NX2-6的初步研究

从内蒙古传统乳制品酸马奶中筛选出1株产生具有广谱抑菌活性物质的嗜酸乳杆菌NX2-6。在排除酸性产物和过氧化氢的干扰后,菌株NX2-6所产生的类细菌素对金黄色葡萄球菌等革兰氏阳性菌和大肠杆菌等革兰氏阴性菌及米曲霉等真菌具有较强的抑制作用;经胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、蛋白酶K处理后发酵液抑菌活性明显下降,但仍具有较强的抑菌活性,对α-胰凝乳蛋白酶抗菌活性没有显著变化,因此表明该抗菌活性物质为蛋白类物质或非单一物质。在酸性条件下它具有很好的热稳定性,pH2.0时活性最强,中性或碱性条件下不具有抗菌活性,抑菌活性pH值范围在2.0-5.0。此抗菌物质不同于一般细菌素,属于类细菌素,命名为Lactobacillin NX2-6。菌株NX2-6产物在生防、食品具有潜在的应用价值。     

酸菜中具有抑菌活性乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其产细菌素特性

目前已有研究陆续从不同的乳酸菌中分离到细菌素,但是这些细菌素存在着抑菌谱窄的问题,寻找广谱抗菌性能的新一代细菌素具有重要的理论价值和应用前景。以市售保质期较长的8种不同品牌的酸菜为材料,将青霉菌作为指示菌,通过抑菌实验筛选出一株能产生抑菌物质的菌株L3,经过生理生化鉴定、16S rDNA测序分析确定该菌株为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),故命名为植物乳杆菌L₃,NCBI序列号为MT781360。该菌株在MRS培养基中于37℃培养18~24h时产细菌素L3的抑菌活性最强。将该培养上清液采用乙酸乙酯萃取,葡聚糖凝胶柱Sephadex G-50过滤分离纯化,再经Trinice-SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示,细菌素L3的分子质量约为4~5kDa。细菌素L3对蛋白酶敏感,但其活性不受过氧化氢酶的影响,初步结果显示细菌素L3为蛋白质类物质。细菌素L3在60~100℃ 处理20min或121℃处理15min仍具有较高的抑菌活性,pH值2~10范围内有良好的稳定性;对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌以及部分真菌具有抑菌活性。植物乳杆菌L₃分泌的细菌素L3除了具备现有细菌素的稳定性和对革兰氏阳性细菌的杀菌能力以外,还能对革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌起到抑菌效果,这对于易被真菌污染导致腐败的果蔬类产品及乳制品的保藏具有重要意义,希望研究可为具有广谱抗菌性能的天然防腐剂的生产提供新的菌种。     

弗氏链霉菌S-221变种发酵液的抗菌活性及稳定性研究

采用管碟法和抑制菌丝生长法测定了弗氏链霉菌S-221发酵液对细菌和10种植物病原菌的抑菌活性.结果表明,发酵液对革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌都有很强的抑菌活性,同时对10种植物病原菌、真菌也具有很强的抑菌活性.通过对发酵液稳定性的初步研究,结果表明发酵液中的抑菌活性物质对温度、紫外光和pH值稳定.     

一株从泡菜中分离的产细菌素乳杆菌的鉴定及细菌素特性研究

从泡菜中分离的329 株乳酸菌中,筛选出一株产细菌素的乳酸菌,编号为SD-22。经生理生化实验鉴定为短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)。在排除过氧化氢干扰和有机酸抑菌作用后,brevicin SD-22 对革兰氏阳性细菌和革兰氏阴性细菌具有较好的抑制作用,对部分真菌也有抑制作用,但对酵母菌和青霉无抑制作用,具有良好的热稳定性和pH 值稳定性,经胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶和蛋白酶K 处理后抑菌活性完全消失,对α- 淀粉酶不敏感。因此初步认为该菌株是一株产广谱细菌素的乳酸菌。     

西藏开菲尔中抑菌活性物质的提取及抑菌效果研究

采用水提取西藏开菲尔（Kefir）中的抑菌活性成分,用K—B纸片法测定提取物对常见的革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌、部分真菌和霉菌的抑菌活性,并检测了用不同的pH、温度、光照处理后提取物的抑菌效果。研究结果表明,Kefir提取物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌、黄曲霉和啤酒酵母均有明显的抑制效果,最小抑菌浓度（MIC）在6．25～12．5mg／mL之间,与尼生素相比,抑菌效果相当,抑菌谱更广;提取物在酸性和中性条件下抑菌活性稳定．而在碱性条件下抑菌活性减弱,且具有较好的热稳定性和光稳定性。     

国产Nisin部分特性的研究

研究温度、pH、蛋白酶、保存条件对国产Nisin抑菌活性的影响,以及抑菌谱等,结果表明温度、pH会显著影响Nisin活性,在酸性条件下,Nisin对温度较稳定,随PH值的增加,温度越高,Nisin活性下降越显著,温度越低越有利于保存,干制品比溶液易保存,国产Nisin对胃蛋白酶不敏感,但对胰蛋白酶敏感,国产Nisin对革兰氏阳性细菌有抑制作用,而对革兰氏阴性细菌、霉菌和酵母没有作用。     

1株乳酸链球菌素产生菌的筛选鉴定及其抑菌特性的研究

从白菜叶上分离得到21株对乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)有抗性的乳酸菌株,采用杯碟法从中筛选得到抑菌活性较强的菌株T0625,经鉴定该菌株为乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp.Lactis)。经测定,发酵液经加热处理,在低pH条件下能够保持较好的抑菌活性,对革兰氏阳性细菌具有明显的抑制作用,但对革兰氏阴性细菌、酵母菌和霉菌不表现抑制作用。研究还证实,T0625的发酵产物的抑菌活性不受胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的影响。经提取纯化,确定抑菌物质为乳酸链球菌素。     

一株产细菌素乳杆菌的鉴定及其细菌素编码基因的获得

应用双层平板打孔法,从自制樱桃酒里分离的乳杆菌中筛选到一株对革兰氏阳性细菌和革兰氏阴性细菌均有明显抑制作用的菌株,命名为LD 1.0008。通过API 50 CHL糖发酵产酸实验、16S rDNA基因序列分析及其特异性recA基因多重聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）,鉴定LD 1.0008为植物乳杆菌。排除有机酸的干扰,用多种蛋白酶处理后,其抑菌活性均有明显降低,而用过氧化氢酶处理后其抑菌活性基本不变,从而确定LD 1.0008所产生的抑菌物质为细菌素。使用已报道的10 对植物乳杆菌细菌素基因片段设计的引物对菌株LD 1.0008进行PCR扩增,发现其至少含有4 个植物乳杆菌素相关编码基因,即plnD、plnO、plnV和plnW。     

产细菌素嗜盐四联球菌的筛选及鉴定

从传统露天酿造工艺的酱油中分离出12株乳球菌,对其进行形态、生理生化特性研究及16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定为嗜盐四联球菌。在排除酸作用后,WZ-3菌株发酵液对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌具有较好的抑菌活性,经胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶处理后,发酵液抑菌活性略有下降。因此初步认为该菌株为产细菌素的嗜盐四联球菌。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status