产Reuterin罗伊氏乳杆菌的定向筛选及其生物学特性

依据菌株宿主适应性特点，从健康家禽新鲜粪便中定向筛选具有开发潜力的罗伊氏乳杆菌。经16S rDNA序列分析和pduC基因筛查，获得3 株产抗菌物质Reuterin的罗伊氏乳杆菌，对其耐受模拟胃肠道环境、抗生素敏感性、甘油发酵上清液抑菌活性及肠上皮细胞黏附能力等生物学特性进行系统评价。结果表明，罗伊氏乳杆菌WLRE01、WLRE03、WLRE04均具有较强耐受极端酸（pH 2.5和pH 3.5）、胆盐（1.5 g/L）及模拟胃肠液的能力；经1 mmol/L过氧化氢处理6 h，WLRE03、WLRE04的活菌数能基本维持初始浓度；甘油发酵上清液对金黄色葡萄球菌具有极强的抑制作用，抑菌圈最高达（28.1±1.2）mm；3 株菌对HT-29细胞均具有良好的黏附特性，其中WLRE01黏附能力最强。综上所述，健康家禽肠道源的3 株产Reuterin的罗伊氏乳杆菌可作为益生菌候选菌株进行深入研究。     

The effect of calcium ions on adhesion and competitive exclusion of Lactobacillus ssp. and E. coli O138

The adhesion abilities of 11 strains of Lactobacillus were determined in vitro using the IPEC-J2 cell line as a model system. Bacteria cultures included the probiotic strains L. rhamnosus GG, L. reuteri ATCC 55730, L. johnsonii NCC 533 and L. reuteri DSM 12246, and new isolates of Lactobacillus ssp. Adhesion was quantified by scintillation counting of radiolabelled bound bacteria. The highest adhesion of 38%, was determined for L. reuteri DSM 12246 followed by L. plantarum Q47 with an adhesion level of 24%. Other strains showed moderate to low binding of less than 16%. Competitive adhesion experiments on IPEC-J2 cells demonstrated that strongly adhesive strains, as L. reuteri DSM 12246 and L. plantarum Q47, significantly reduced the attachment of the less adhesive strains, such as L. rhamnosus GG and L. johnsonii NCC 533, both under condition of co-incubation and in displacement assays, indicating that bacteria may share the same binding sites for attachment to intestinal cells. Furthermore, it was revealed that calcium ions significantly increased the binding of tested lactobacilli to IPEC-J2 cells; and therefore, added calcium may be useful in enhancing the adhesion of normally weakly adhesive probiotic cultures. In contrast, no significant change in adhesion of lactobacilli was observed in the presence of Mg and Zn ions. Displacement assays performed with pathogenic E. coli O138 showed that all tested Lactobacillus strains reduced the attachment of E. coli O138 to IPEC-J2 by more than 2-fold both in the presence and the absence of calcium ions. The strains of Lactobacillus did not differ significantly in the extent of their inhibition of E. coli O138 adhesion, indicating that the reduced adhesion of E. coli O138 was due to steric hindrance of the binding sites rather than to specific interactions.     

罗伊氏乳杆菌J1胃肠道耐受性评价及其对免疫相关基因调控的体外研究

以分离自传统发酵乳制品中的罗伊氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus reuteri,L.reuteri)J1为研究对象,对其黏附性能、生长特性、对胃肠道环境的耐受能力以及该菌株作用于Caco-2细胞不同时间后免疫相关基因表达量的动态变化进行评价。结果显示,罗伊氏乳杆菌J1具有良好的黏附性,黏附率达87.93%,具有定植于肠道中的潜力。该菌株在4 h进入对数期,14 h进入稳定期。在肠道耐受性评价中,菌株在pH为2.0和3.0条件下处理3 h后,其存活率分别为86.77%、97.12%;在胆盐质量浓度分别为0.3、0.5和1.0 g/100 mL的培养基中处理4 h后,其存活率分别为105.00%、82.60%和82.18%;经模拟人工胃液处理3 h后转入人工肠液继续培养8 h,存活率达82.71%;该菌株在7 g/100 mL的盐溶液中处理24 h后,其存活率为80.36%。此外,108CFU/mL的罗伊氏乳杆菌J1可刺激Caco-2细胞中免疫相关因子IL-1β的表达,抑制促炎因子IL-6和趋化因子IL-8的表达。综上表明,罗伊氏乳杆菌J1具有定植于肠道上皮细胞的潜力,耐受胃肠道环境,并发挥一定的免疫调节作用。     

具有抑制肠道致病菌和黏附Caco-2细胞作用的益生性乳酸菌的筛选及鉴定

为了筛选具有肠道益生特性的乳酸菌,进一步开发益生菌资源,本文研究采用牛津杯、人工模拟胃肠液及体外黏附Caco-2细胞等方法,以鼠李糖乳杆菌GG(Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG,LGG)为对照菌株,对实验室保藏15株乳酸菌的益生特性进行筛选与评估。实验结果表明:15株乳酸菌对两株沙门氏菌都具有一定抑制效果,抑菌圈直径为10.95~22.06 mm;乳酸菌C174、D24、D599、C37、D512具有较好的耐酸耐胆盐能力,在人工胃液3 h内存活率达到60%以上,人工肠液4 h内存活率达到80%以上;在黏附试验中,C174对Caco-2细胞具有较强黏附能力,黏附数量为740 CFU/100细胞,略高于对照菌株鼠李糖乳杆菌(543 CFU/100细胞);通过对具有高黏附性的菌株C174进行生理生化和16S rRNA分子测序鉴定,结果表明菌株C174为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),命名为Lactobacillus plantarum ZJ-174。Lactobacillus plantarum ZJ-174的抑菌能力强、能够耐酸耐胆盐,并具有很强的黏附能力,是一株潜在的益生菌,具有治疗或预防人和动物肠道疾病等应用价值。     

Identification of potential probiotic starter cultures for Scandinavian-type fermented sausages

Potential probiotic cultures suitable as starter cultures for the Scandinavian-type fermented sausages were identified among strains well-adapted to fermented meats as well as strains originating from a culture collection. From 15 different fermented meat products, 22 strains were isolated as dominant non-starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB). The isolates were identified by RAPD, API and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and showed to be five strains of Lactobacillus sakei, five strains of Lactobacillus farciminis, five strains belonging to the group of Lactobacillus plantarum/pentosus, four strains of Lactobacillus alimentarius, two strains of Lactobacillus brevis and one strain of Lactobacillus versmoldensis. Heterofermentative strains as well as strains not growing at 37 degrees C and not lowering pH below 5.1 in a meat model were excluded leaving 9 strains for further studies. These strains together with 19 strains from a culture collection were evaluated by in vitro methods including survival upon exposure to pH 2.5 or 0.3% oxgall and adhesion to the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 as well as antimicrobial activity against potential pathogens. Strains that fulfilled all the probiotic criteria and showed to be fast acid producers in a meat model included three strains belonging to the group of Lb. plantarum/pentosus (MF1291, MF1298, MF1300) which originated from the dominant NSLAB of fermented meat products. MF1291 and MF 1298 were further identified as Lb. plantarum and MF1300 as Lb. pentosus. The three strains were all successfully applied as starter cultures for the production of fermented sausage. The viable count at the end of the processing period reached high cell numbers (4.7x10(7)-2.9x10(8) cfu/g) and pH of the sausages decreased to pH 4.8-4.9 without any flavour deviation compared to sausage fermented by a commercial meat starter culture.     

Assessment of adhesion properties of novel probiotic strains to human intestinal mucus

Potential new probiotic strains Lactobacillus brevis PELI, L. reuteri ING1, L. rhamnosus VTT E-800 and L. rhamnosus LC-705 were assessed for their adhesion properties using the human intestinal mucus model. The effect on the adhesion of exposure to acid and pepsin and to milk were tested to simulate gastric and food processing conditions, and the effect of different growth media on adhesion was tested. The properties of the four strains were compared to the well-investigated probiotic L. rhamnosus strain GG. Three of the tested strains showed significant adhesion properties in the mucus model, while L. brevis PELI had intermediate adhesion and L. rhamnosus LC-705 adhered poorly. Pretreatment with different milks decreased the adhesion and low pH and pepsin treatment reduced the adhesion of all tested strains except L. rhamnosus LC-705. No competitive exclusion of pathogenic Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli SfaII was observed. The results indicate that major differences exist between tested proposed probiotic strains. The growth media and the food matrix significantly affect the adhesive ability of the tested strains. This has previously not been taken into account when selecting novel probiotic strains.     

南宁地区米酒曲源乳酸菌在糯米汁中氨基酸和有机酸代谢特征研究

该研究采用纯培养技术对广西省南宁地区米酒曲中乳酸菌多样性进行了解析,旨在揭示其分离株在糯米汁中产氨基酸和有机酸的特征。结果表明,11个样品共分离出20株乳酸菌,分别被鉴定为戊糖片球菌（Pediococcus pentosaceus）、融合魏斯氏菌（Weissella confuse）、类肠膜魏斯氏菌（Weissella paramesenteroides）、屎肠球菌（Enterococcus faecium）、台湾乳球菌（Lactococcus taiwanensis）、植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）和戊糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus pentosus）,其中戊糖片球菌（P. pentosaceus）占分离株的35%,为南宁地区米酒曲中的优势乳酸菌。选取除屎肠球菌（E. faecium）外的16株乳酸菌分离株进行糯米汁纯种发酵,结果发现所有菌株均不产氨基酸,乳酸为糯米汁中主要有机酸。主成分分析（PCA）结果表明,融合魏斯氏菌（W. confuse）HBUAS53367产有机酸的能力较强,可用于后续进一步研究。     

麦芽提取物对乳酸杆菌胆盐耐受力的影响

模拟人十二指肠高胆汁盐环境,研究麦芽提取物对乳酸杆菌胆盐耐受力的影响,探讨作为生产益生菌食品的麦芽基质对乳酸杆菌的保护作用。将选定的约氏乳酸杆菌JJB3、SNZ10,罗伊氏乳酸杆菌MNZ8、KNZ4等4株菌在含有1%胆盐溶液,pH为7.0的磷酸盐缓冲液中作用4h,检测活菌数。结果表明:在未添加麦芽提取物的对照组,4株乳酸杆菌菌数极显著下降(P<0.01),其中MNZ8对胆盐最为敏感,活菌数下降1.74log10cfu/mL,而KNZ4的耐受力最强,仅下降1.16log10cfu/mL;在添加了麦芽提取物后,4株乳酸杆菌的胆盐耐受力均有显著提高(P<0.05),其中SNZ10、JJB3两株菌胆盐耐受力提高最为明显,其菌数与对照组相比分别提高了1.21、0.79个对数单位。进一步分析表明,葡萄糖和游离氨基氮的浓度与乳酸杆菌耐胆盐能力的提高呈正相关关系,但葡萄糖的保护作用显著高于游离氨基氮的效果。该结果显示,麦芽提取物对4株乳酸杆菌在模拟十二指胆盐环境中具有较好的保护作用,以SNZ10、JJB3较果最好。     

降亚硝酸盐乳酸菌的鉴定及生长特性的研究

从传统发酵食品中分离乳酸菌,筛选鉴定降解亚硝酸盐能力较强的菌株,并研究其在白菜汁培养基中的生长及产酸情况,为制作泡菜发酵剂储备优良菌株。结果分离了144株乳酸菌,并获得5株亚硝酸盐降解率在99%以上的菌株,经鉴定菌株Mao21.1和Mao6.2为戊糖乳杆菌,Wang3.1和Mao20.1为植物乳杆菌,Lin2.4为戊糖片球菌。5株菌在白菜汁培养基中生长4h后,各菌株培养液的pH均快速下降;培养20h后,除菌株Mao21.1外,其他菌株培养液pH均降到3.5以下;对数生长末期菌株Mao6.2和Lin2.4活菌数达到108cfu/mL,该两株菌可作为制作泡菜发酵剂的储备菌株。     

乳杆菌耐消化应激能力及消化应激对其肠道黏附能力的影响

首先通过体外模拟唾液-胃液-肠液应激实验研究乳杆菌的耐消化应激能力,然后研究其对肠道黏蛋白和Caco-2细胞的黏附及抑制肠道病原菌黏附的能力,最后探讨消化应激对乳杆菌黏附能力的影响。结果表明,副干酪乳杆菌W125、m111和发酵乳杆菌146在依次经过模拟唾液-胃液-肠液应激后存活率分别为2.70%、3.53%及11.15%,活菌数分别为7.46、7.24（lg（CFU/mL））及 8.35（lg（CFU/mL））,且对黏蛋白和Caco-2细胞的黏附率显著高于其他菌株（P＜0.05）,分别为15.67%、8.75%、8.38%和11.47%、21.34%、10.44%;3 株菌株均可通过排除、竞争和替代的方式抑制大肠杆菌CICC10899和沙门菌WX29对肠道的黏附,黏附抑制率均大于13.51%;消化应激显著降低了副干酪乳杆菌W125和发酵乳杆菌146对肠道的黏附能力（P＜0.05）,但显著增加了副干酪乳杆菌m111的黏附能力（P＜0.05）,黏附率由17.60%增加到30.45%,且主要黏附素由消化应激前的表层蛋白变为应激后的蛋白和多糖;消化应激前后副干酪乳杆菌m111均为长梭状、圆润的杆状,表层物质的厚度也没有发生显著变化（P＞0.05）。副干酪乳杆菌m111具有较强的耐消化应激以及对肠道黏附的能力,且消化应激可提高其黏附肠道的能力,是1 株潜在的具有良好应用价值的益生乳杆菌。     

一种百岁老人源罗伊氏乳杆菌益生特性及其发酵水牛乳制备工艺优化

为探索新筛选的一株百岁老人源罗伊氏乳杆菌LT018开发利用价值,本研究首先检测了该菌株在连续培养300代过程中的活菌数、菌活力,判断其遗传稳定性,又对该菌株在模拟胃肠液中存活率及凝集率进行测定,判断该菌株的益生特性。进一步以此菌株与传统保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌发酵剂相结合制备发酵水牛乳,在单因素实验的基础上,通过响应面实验探索其最佳工艺。结果显示,在连续培养300代的过程中,罗伊氏乳杆菌LT018的活菌数和菌活力均保持在一个较高的水平;菌株在模拟胃液和肠液中的存活率分别高于99.07%和77.83%;同时保持大于55.4%的凝集率。发酵水牛乳最佳制备工艺为:罗伊氏乳杆菌发酵剂:传统发酵剂为2:1、白砂糖添加量为3.00%、发酵温度为40.00℃,此时发酵乳的感官评分最高(86.63±1.47),罗伊氏乳杆菌活菌数也达到了1.033×108 CFU/mL。本研究为该菌株的开发利用提供了重要的理论和技术参考。     

In vitro assessment of the upper gastrointestinal tolerance of potential probiotic dairy propionibacteria

This study aimed to assess the transit tolerance of potential probiotic dairy propionibacteria strains in human upper gastrointestinal tract in vitro, and to evaluate the effect of food addition on viability of these strains in simulated pH 2.0 gastric juices. The transit tolerance of 13 dairy propionibacteria strains was determined at 37 degrees C by exposing washed cell suspensions to simulated gastric juices at pH values at 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0, and simulated small intestinal juices (pH 8.0) with or without 0.3% bile salts. The viability of dairy propionibacteria in pH 2.0 simulated gastric juice with So-Good original soymilk or Up & Go liquid breakfast was also determined. The simulated gastric transit tolerance of dairy propionibacteria was strain-dependent and pH-dependent. All tested strains were tolerant to simulated small intestinal transit. The addition of So-Good original soymilk or Up & Go liquid breakfast greatly enhanced the survival of dairy propionibacteria strains in pH 2.0 simulated gastric juices. Dairy propionibacteria strains demonstrate high tolerance to simulated human upper gastrointestinal tract conditions and offer a relatively overlooked, yet alternative source for novel probiotics besides Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium.     

具有潜在改善炎症反应益生菌的筛选

目的:探讨供试菌株对脂多糖(LPS)诱导THP-1细胞分泌炎性细胞因子的调节作用,筛选出具有潜在改善炎症反应的益生菌。方法:通过佛波酯(PMA)诱导THP-1成为成熟巨噬细胞,脂多糖(LPS)刺激成熟巨噬细胞产生炎症反应,评价益生菌对这种炎症反应的改善作用,并对具有改善炎症反应潜力的益生菌株进行胃肠道耐受能力、粘附能力、抑菌能力及抗生素敏感性评价。结果:植物乳杆菌SS-9、SD-H9、鼠李糖乳杆菌SD-L8及罗伊氏乳杆菌WX-94具有改善机体炎症反应的潜力,其中SS-9和SD-H9能显著降低炎症模型细胞IL-1β的分泌(P<0.05),WX-94和SS-9能显著降低炎症模型细胞的IL-6的分泌(P<0.05);同时四株菌均具有较高的胃肠道耐受能力、粘附能力,具有安全通过肠道的潜力;并可以不同程度地抑制致病菌大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌及阴沟肠杆菌的生长,具有抑制肠道感染的潜力;抗生素敏感性研究表明,四株菌均未发现抗生素耐受的风险。结论:植物乳杆菌SS-9、SD-H9、鼠李糖乳杆菌SD-L8及罗伊氏乳杆菌WX-94均可作为具有潜在炎症调节能力的益生菌进行开发和应用。     

In vitro evaluation of Lactobacillus gasseri strains of infant origin on adhesion and aggregation of specific pathogens

Numerous Lactobacillus species are members of the normal healthy human intestinal microbiota, and members of the Lactobacillus family predominate among the current marketed probiotic strains. Most of the current commercial probiotic strains have not been selected for specific applications but rather have been chosen based on their technological properties. Often the ability of such strains to temporarily colonize the gastrointestinal tract may be lacking, and the interactions with intestinal microbiota are few. Furthermore, the competitive exclusion properties of potential probiotic bacteria are strain specific and vary greatly. Thus, it is highly desirable that new candidate probiotic isolates originate from the healthy target population. In this study, seven newly isolated strains of Lactobacillus gasseri originating from feces of a healthy newborn child were evaluated for their ability to adhere to intestinal mucus, to autoaggregate and coaggregate with the model pathogens Cronobacter sakazakii (ATCC 29544) and Clostridium difficile (1296). All the bacterial strains, single or in combination, in viable and nonviable forms, were able to autoaggregate. The coaggregation with C. sakazakii or C. difficile was higher (P < 0.05) in nonviable than in the viable forms. Single L. gasseri strains showed similar adhesion abilities to intestinal colon mucus. The seven L. gasseri strains when combined were also able to significantly compete with, displace, and inhibit the adhesion of C. sakazakii and C. difficile in the mucus model. This study demonstrates that the studied L. gasseri strains fulfill the basic adhesion and aggregation properties for probiotics and could be considered for potential future use in children.     

5 种乳酸菌对库车小白杏发酵液理化性质及感官评价的影响

用戊糖片球菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌共5?种乳酸菌发酵库车小白杏，通过比较发酵液在发酵过程中的菌浓度、pH值、总可溶性固形物（total soluble solids，TSS）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）活性等理化特性及发酵结束后的感官评价，筛选出一种或几种适合发酵库车小白杏发酵液的菌株。结果表明，发酵结束后，戊糖片球菌发酵库车小白杏发酵液的SOD活性达到252.63?U/g，活菌数达到8.07（lg（CFU/mL）），TSS含量降至17.1?°Brix，感官总体评价值最佳达到97%。植物乳杆菌发酵的库车小白杏发酵液的SOD活性达到275.87?U/g，感官总体评价几何平均（geometrical mean，GM）值达到88%。嗜酸乳杆菌发酵的库车小白杏发酵液速度最快，活菌数最终达到9.95（lg（CFU/mL）），TSS含量降至16.6?°Brix，但感官总体评价GM值仅为79%。综上所述，戊糖片球菌是最适合发酵库车小白杏的菌种，而植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的适合度仅次于戊糖片球菌。通过比较5?种乳酸菌发酵的库车小白杏发酵液的理化性质和感官评价，可以得出结论，戊糖片球菌最适合发酵库车小白杏。     

Survival of lactic acid bacteria in the human stomach and adhesion to intestinal cells

The survival of four strains of lactic acid bacteria in human gastric juice, in vivo and in vitro, and in buffered saline, pH 1 to 5, has been investigated. The strains studied include two Lactobacillus acidophilus strains, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and Streptococcus thermophilus. In addition, the adhesion of these strains to freshly collected human and pig small intestinal cells and to pig large intestinal cells has been studied and the effect of milk on both survival and adhesion tested. As a result of these investigations, an in vitro test system for screening potential cultures for use as human dietary adjuncts can be developed. The ability to survive in gastric juice and to adhere varied significantly for the strains tested; L. acidophilus ADH survived and adhered better than the others while S. thermophilus survived and adhered poorly. For all strains, both survival and adhesion was enhanced by milk. As all strains adhered to some extent to both human and pig intestinal cells, the adhesion mechanism is probably a nonspecific attachment as opposed to other reported specific Lactobacillus adhesion to gastric tissue. From the survival and adhesion data it seems feasible to obtain elevated levels of viable Lactobacillus sp. in human intestine by careful selection of the bacterial strains ingested. Furthermore, the in vitro methods used here should be valuable to screen potential strains. The data presented here can then be correlated with human in vivo studies monitoring the beneficial effect of ingestion of these Lactobacillus.     

PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF LACTOBACILLUS SAKEI, LACTOBACILLUS FARCIMINIS AND LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM ON SARCOPLASMIC PROTEINS OF PORK LEAN

The aim of this study was to assess the proteolytic activity of Lactobacillus sakei (DSM 6333), L. plantarum (B21), and to a lesser extent, L. farciminis (DSM 20184) on meat sarcoplasmic proteins. The protein composition was assayed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and capillary electrophoresis after incubation of meat extract inoculated with bacteria. All strains showed proteolytic activity: a band about 94 kDa disappeared in samples inoculated with L. farciminis and L. plantarum and strongly decreased in those inoculated with L. sakei. The intensity of the bands with a molecular weight between 94 and 38 kDa decreased in all samples. Capillary electrophoresis analysis ascertained the disappearance of the fractions corresponding to 8.64 and 8.66 min retention time in all samples. The bands corresponding to 94 kDa and 38 kDa were, respectively, identified as glycogen phosphorylase muscle isoform and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, by in situ digestion of protein gel bands and peptide map analysis using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization - Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).     

发酵酸菜来源乳酸菌的益生特性及其在发酵乳中的应用

通过pH值、胆盐耐受性实验从发酵酸菜中筛选性能优良的益生乳酸菌株,经16S rRNA序列分析鉴定得4 株植物乳杆菌A44、B51、B54、C53和2 株戊糖乳杆菌A16、B72。经疏水、黏附、自凝聚和溶血能力实验评价6 株乳酸菌的益生特性,其中植物乳杆菌A44对氯仿和二甲苯的疏水性均大于80%,对Caco-2细胞的黏附率为13.57%,放置5 h的自凝聚率超过60%,与其他菌株相比具有更好的益生特性且无溶血活性。因此选用植物乳杆菌A44进一步研究其在发酵乳中的功能特性,结果表明：植物乳杆菌A44作为辅助发酵剂添加后对4 ℃贮藏7 d期间发酵乳pH值、滴定酸度和持水性均无显著影响（P＞0.05）,但是可以显著提高发酵乳的活菌数和黏度（P＜0.05）,活菌数达到8.45（lg（CFU/mL））。本研究筛选得到的植物乳杆菌A44是一株性能优良的益生乳酸菌,具有作为发酵乳益生菌辅助发酵剂的潜在应用前景。     

新疆地区驴乳源优良乳酸菌发酵剂的筛选及菌株益生特性

从新疆哈密地区的15个驴乳样品中分离筛选出38株疑似乳酸菌,其中7株菌具有明显凝乳特性.经16S rRNA基因测序鉴定为乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)HL12-21、戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)HL29-5、蒙氏肠球菌(Enterococcus mundt...     

EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS IN LACTOBACILLUS STRAINS ISOLATED FROM DRY FERMENTED SAUSAGES

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to characterize lactobacilli isolated from a traditional Italian dry‐fermented sausages inoculated with Lactobacillus casei/paracasei for use as probiotics. Strains isolated were L. casei (38%), L. paracasei paracasei (32%), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (21%) and Lactobacillus sakei sakei (9%). L. paracasei paracasei and L. rhamnosus showed no significant decrease in viability compared with L. casei and L. sakei sakei in artificial gastric juice; L. casei and L. sakei sakei were not affected by artificial intestinal fluid. In human embryonic intestine cell line (INT407) in vitro model, L. rhamnosus and L. sakei sakei were more adhesive than the other strains. The production of acetic acid (40.92 ± 1.94 mmol/L) and propionic acid (0.14 ± 0.07 mmol/L) was similar in all strains tested. Considerably higher (100–250 mmol/L) levels of lactic acid were produced by L. casei, L. paracasei paracasei and L. rhamnosus, and were varied depending on microaerobic or anaerobic conditions. L. casei and L. rhamnosus had the best antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica (serovar Typhimurium). These findings suggest that L. casei and L. rhamnosus merit further investigation as novel starter cultures in meat products.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Probiotics are well established in dairy products but they are not widely used in meat products and it is expected their use in this area will expand considerably in the near future. Starter cultures of active or resting forms of microorganisms are widely employed in fermented meat products to improve sensory qualities. More recently they are being used in fermented meat products to improve the nutritional value of these products as functional foods. Probiotics in meat may exert their benefits by several methods, and more research is required to identify the strains and combinations of strains that produce the most health benefits. Our study demonstrates that the in vitro characterization of Lactobacillus strains directly isolated from dry fermented sausages can be useful to select novel starter cultures with potential probiotic characteristics among lactic acid bacteria used as commercial meat starter culture.