草鱼鳞胶原蛋白肽对骨质疏松小鼠骨微结构、血清TNF-α、IL-1β与IL-6和肠道菌群的影响

为了研究草鱼鳞胶原蛋白肽（collagen peptide，CP）防治骨质疏松（osteoporosis，OP）作用与血清炎性细胞因子、肠道菌群的关系，将雌性ICR小鼠分为假手术组、模型组、钙尔奇D组和胶原蛋白组，建立OP模型。分析CP对小鼠股骨的生物力学特性、骨微结构、血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）、白细胞介素（interleukin，IL）-1β与IL-6以及肠道菌群相关指标的影响。结果表明，与模型组相比，草鱼鳞CP可以显著增加OP小鼠股骨的最大弯曲荷载和最大弯曲应力（P＜0.05，P＜0.01），增加骨小梁数量，修复骨微结构，显著降低血清中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α质量浓度（P＜0.05），改变肠道菌群组成结构，降低厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门丰度比值，增加乳酸杆菌和普雷沃菌等益生菌的丰度，抑制螺杆菌属等多种条件致病菌在肠道的定植与繁殖。结论：草鱼鳞CP通过减少小鼠血清炎性细胞因子的分泌，改善肠道菌群结构，辅助治疗OP。     

鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白对SAMP6小鼠骨丢失的保护作用

本文研究了鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白(Sialoglycoproteins of Carassius auratus eggs,Ca-SGP)对SAMP6小鼠骨丢失的保护作用。以雄性SAMP6小鼠为老年性骨质疏松症动物模型,连续灌胃Ca-SGP 150d后,检测血清骨代谢生化标志物,测定小鼠股骨矿化沉积率、胫骨骨密度及松质骨微结构。结果显示,经Ca-SGP(500mg/kg·bw)干预后,小鼠血清中骨生成标志物骨源性碱性磷酸酶的活性和I型前胶原羧基端前肽、骨钙素的含量得到显著升高(p0.01),骨吸收标志物抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶和组织蛋白酶K的活性得到显著抑制(p0.01);胫骨骨密度提高10.92%(p0.01);松质骨骨体积分数、骨小梁数目及厚度均得到显著增加(p0.01),骨小梁间隙显著缩小(p0.01);骨矿化沉积率提高98.87%,差异显著(p0.01)。该研究表明Ca-SGP可改善老年性骨质疏松症小鼠低骨转换,提高骨密度,改善骨小梁结构,促进骨矿化,为开发抗骨质疏松症药物和功能食品提供了理论支持。     

植物乳杆菌P9对头孢曲松钠作用小鼠肠道菌群的影响

为了探究植物乳杆菌P9对抗生素致肠道菌群失调小鼠肠道菌群的影响,建立小鼠肠道菌群失调模型,再灌胃不同剂量植物乳杆菌P9菌粉,酶联免疫吸附法测定血清中炎症细胞因子水平,可见分光光度法测定肝脏和小肠组织中抗氧化指标,菌群计数和16S rDNA高通量测序探究小鼠肠道菌群的变化.结果显示,植物乳杆菌P9能够降低小鼠因抗生素造成...     

鲫鱼皮胶原肽对小鼠的促钙吸收作用

目的：研究胶原肽（collagen peptides,CPs）对小鼠的促钙吸收作用。方法：采用小鼠低钙膳食模型法, 以昆明雄性小鼠为实验动物,设置正常组、低钙模型组、碳酸钙组、CPs低剂量（500 mg/kg mb＋CaCO3）、高剂量 （1 000 mg/kg mb＋CaCO3）组、酪蛋白磷酸肽对照组,连续灌胃6 周,考察小鼠血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase,ALP）活力、钙吸收率、各项骨指标及骨微观结构、骨小梁形态变化。结果：CPs低、高剂量组小 鼠的ALP活力显著低于低钙模型组（P＜0.05）,其骨长度、干质量指数、骨钙含量、骨矿物密度（bone mineral density,BMD）、骨矿物含量（bone mineral content,BMC）均显著高于低钙模型组（P＜0.05）,CPs低剂量 组可使喂食低钙饲料的小鼠的各项指标达到正常组小鼠的水平。CPs低剂量组小鼠的ALP活力显著低于碳酸钙组 （P＜0.05）,其骨钙含量、BMD、BMC均显著高于碳酸钙组（P＜0.05）,提示补充碳酸钙的同时补充CPs,其促钙吸 收效果更好。结论：CPs可提高小鼠钙吸收率,增加骨小梁数目及强度,促进骨骼生长,从而能有效促进钙的吸收。     

植物乳杆菌HCS03-001对小鼠功能性便秘及肠道菌群的影响

将雄性昆明（KM）小鼠随机分为溶剂对照组、模型对照组和植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）HCS03-001菌粉低（1 g/（kg bw·d））、中（2 g/（kg bw·d））、高（4 g/（kg bw·d））剂量组,连续灌胃14 d后建立功能性便秘模型,考察植物乳杆菌HCS03-001对小鼠小肠墨汁推进率的影响。此外,将小鼠分为溶剂对照组及植物乳杆菌HCS03-001低、中、高剂量组,连续灌胃14 d,分别采集小鼠灌胃0 d和14 d的新鲜粪便进行培养和菌落计数,考察小鼠肠道内菌群的变化情况,旨在研究植物乳杆菌HCS03-001改善小鼠功能性便秘和调节肠道菌群的作用。结果表明,植物乳杆菌HCS03-001中、高剂量可显著提高小鼠小肠墨汁推进率（P＜0.05）;植物乳杆菌HCS03-001高剂量可降低产气荚膜梭菌（P＜0.05）、肠球菌（P＜0.05）、肠杆菌（P＞0.05）的活菌数,同时促进乳杆菌数的增殖（P＜0.05）。说明植物乳杆菌HCS03-001具有改善小鼠便秘、调节肠道菌群的功能。     

植物乳植杆菌CCFM8661对小鼠肠道菌群及肠道屏障的影响

为探讨植物乳植杆菌CCFM8661对小鼠肠道菌群的影响,将小鼠适应性培养一周后,分别用低（1.6×106CFU/只）、中（1.6×107CFU/只）、高（1.6×108CFU/只）剂量的植物乳植杆菌CCFM8661灌胃,干预14 d。分别检测干预前后小鼠粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠球菌、肠杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌的变化情况,并测定组织病理、肠道屏障、肠道通透性、短链脂肪酸相关指标,评价植物乳植杆菌CCFM8661对肠道微生物及肠道屏障的调节作用。结果表明,植物乳植杆菌CCFM8661可增加小鼠肠道双歧杆菌及乳杆菌含量并抑制产气荚膜梭菌的增殖;同时,喂食植物乳植杆菌CCFM8661可明显改变小鼠的肠道通透性、降低肠道中脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）和D-乳酸的含量、增强肠道屏障、提高肠道中短链脂肪酸（乙酸、丙酸和丁酸）的含量。综上,植物乳植杆菌CCFM8661能够调节肠道菌群,对肠道屏障具有一定的保护作用。     

魔芋低聚糖对小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用

该实验研究了魔芋低聚糖（KOGM）对小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用。以不同剂量魔芋低聚糖连续灌胃小鼠35 d,测定血清生化指标,无菌条件下取小鼠粪便培养肠道菌群。结果表明,与对照组比较,魔芋低聚糖高剂量组（2.00 g/kg体质量）小鼠粪便中双歧杆菌和乳杆菌数量（对数值分别为3.65、3.81）显著增加（P＜0.05）,肠杆菌和产气杆菌数量无显著性变化（P＞0.05）;结肠内容物中乙酸、丙酸以及丁酸的含量（6.51 mmol/100 g、1.69 mmol/100 g、3.83 mmol/100 g）显著增加（P＜0.05）。说明魔芋低聚糖对小鼠肠道菌群有较好调节作用。     

黑芝麻油卵磷脂溶液对自然生长老龄小鼠骨代谢的影响（网络首发、推荐阅读）

观察黑芝麻油卵磷脂溶液对自然生长老龄小鼠骨代谢的影响,并与维生素E比较。8月龄SPF级的昆明小鼠,随机分为生理盐水组（NS组）,维生素E组（VE组）,黑芝麻油组（Oil组）,实验持续10周,结束时,处死小鼠,取右侧股骨进行微计算机断层扫描技术（Micro CT）扫描,左侧尺骨进行骨成分含量测定。结果表明：与NS组相比,Oil组骨钙和骨镁含量均显著增加,结构模型指数（SMI）显著降低,而骨体积分数（BV/TV）、骨密度（Density）和骨小梁连接密度（Conn-Dens）均有所增加,但差异无统计学意义;与VE组相比,Oil组骨钙和骨镁含量均显著增加;三维图可见其骨小梁分布排列均匀紧密有序,间隙较小,且连续性较好。自然生长的老龄小鼠给予黑芝麻油卵磷脂溶液10周后,小鼠股骨的骨量有增加,微观结构得到改善,提示有抗骨质疏松应用的潜力。     

贻贝、牡蛎复合物对肠道菌群紊乱型小鼠便秘的干预作用

本研究探讨了贻贝、牡蛎复合物对抗生素诱导小鼠便秘的干预作用,采用混合抗生素溶液灌胃C57BL/6雌性小鼠,构建肠道菌群紊乱型小鼠便秘模型（ME）,以0.02 mL/g?bw贻贝、牡蛎复合物灌胃ME组小鼠为干预组（IC）。结合16s RNA基因测序技术,7 d后,测定小肠推进率、排便量、饲料消耗量、肠道菌群结构等指标,评估小鼠便秘模型及其贻贝、牡蛎复合物的干预作用。对比空白组,ME组小肠推进率下降22.89%（p<0.05）,排便量降低41.00%（p<0.05）,日平均饲料消耗量显著下降2.68 g/d（p<0.05）,粪便含水率显著下降19.40%（p<0.05）,同时,ME组肠道菌群有益菌多样性减少,表现为Prevotella-9、Lachnospiraceae、Enterobacter、Verrucomicrobia等有益菌菌群丰度降低;经贻贝、牡蛎复合物干预后,对比ME组,IC组小鼠小肠推进率提升70.00%（p<0.05）,排便量提升52.00%（p<0.05）,粪便含水率显著增加18.10%（p<0.05）,IC组肠道菌群多样性增加,表现为Proteobacteria、Fusobacteria、Akkermansia、Bacteroidetes、Verrucomicrobia丰度增加,同时IC组肠道菌群结构恢复至与空白组小鼠相似。综上,贻贝、牡蛎复合物可显著改善由抗生素导致的便秘小鼠的小肠推进率等小肠蠕动功能,增加小鼠排便,并提高粪便含水率,同时调节便秘小鼠的肠道菌群结构及组成,增加Akkermansia等肠道有益菌。     

超高压处理对太平洋牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）肠道菌群的影响

为研究超高压（ultra-high pressure,UHP）处理对太平洋牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）肠道菌群的影响,该研究通过16S rRNA测序的方法,分析100、200、400 MPa超高压处理5 min后牡蛎肠道菌群结构的变化。鲜活牡蛎肠道菌群主要以弧菌属（Vibrio）、支原体属（Mycoplasma）、葡萄球菌属（Staphylococcus）、Roseimarinus、丙酸菌属（Propionigenium）、Psychrilyobacter、气单胞菌属（Aeromonas）、油螺旋菌属（Oleispira）和黄单胞菌属（Xanthomonas）为主。超高压处理后,牡蛎肠道菌群的Chao1指数和ACE指数有所提高,而Shannon指数有所下降;葡萄球菌属、气单胞菌属、类香味菌属（Myroides）、肠球菌属（Enterococcus）和气球菌属（Aerococcus）的丰度显著降低;而黄杆菌科（Flavobacteriaceae）和红杆菌科（Rhodobacteraceae）的海洋特色菌属的丰度显著增加,如400 MPa处理后,牡蛎肠道菌群主要由黄杆菌科组成,占比超过70%。此外,超高压处理能有效消除牡蛎肠道中常见腐败菌,如交替假单胞菌属（Pseudoalteromonas）和希瓦氏菌属（Shewanella）。这些结果表明,超高压处理可显著降低牡蛎肠道菌群的数量和多样性,并能有效减少牡蛎肠道中致病微生物菌属的丰度,使菌群结构的安全风险降低。     

Yak (Bos grunniens) milk improves bone mass and microarchitecture in mice with osteoporosis

The effect of milk on bone health is controversial. In this study, the effects of yak milk in mice with retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis (OP) were evaluated. Yak milk was provided to OP mice as a nutrition supplement for 6 wk. The results showed that yak milk significantly reduced bone turnover markers (tartrate acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase). The yak milk treatment was also associated with remarkably increased bone mineral density, bone volume, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number, as well as improved biomechanical properties (maximum load and stress) of the tibia. Furthermore, yak milk mitigated the deterioration of the network and thickness of trabecular bone in treated OP mice compared with the OP model group. The results indicated that yak milk could improve bone mass and microarchitecture through the inhibition of bone resorption in OP mice.     

强化大豆异黄酮的营养蛋白粉对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的预防作用

目的:探讨强化大豆异黄酮的营养蛋白粉对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的预防作用.方法:运用切除大鼠卵巢的方法建立骨质疏松症模型,50只大鼠随机分为 5 组.假性手术对照组(Sham),去卵巢酪蛋白对照组(Ovx),未强化大豆异黄酮组(O-SI),中剂量大豆异黄酮组(M-SI),高剂量大豆异黄酮组(H-SI).喂养 14 d 后,处死大鼠取血并分离股骨,测定骨密度(BMD)、骨钙、骨磷,并检测实验大鼠血清骨钙素(BGP)含量及血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(StrACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性.结果:强化大豆异黄酮的营养蛋白粉明显增加去卵巢大鼠的骨密度(P<0.01),骨钙(P<0.01),骨磷(P<0.01),并且可明显降低骨钙素含量(P<0.01)、及抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶活性,增加血清碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.01).结论:强化大豆异黄酮的营养蛋白粉对绝经后骨质疏松症具有明显的预防作用.     

Use of oyster shell as calcium supplement. Part 2. An assessment of the responses of hepatic and serum enzymes, relative organ weights, and bone mineralization in the broiler chicken fed gossypol-containing cottonseed cake supplemented with oyster shell

The role of oyster shell as calcium supplement in the utilization of gossypol-containing cottonseed cake (CSC) was assessed using Hypeco broiler chickens. The results showed that of the organ measured, only the relative weight of the spleen was significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased by oyster shell supplementation in the CSC diets. Spleen weight correlated negatively (r = -0.45) with dietary calcium. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the liver was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased due to the levels of oyster shell supplemented while the activities of serum and liver alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were not significantly influenced. The results also showed that although oyster shell supplementation generally increased alkaline phosphatase activity, bone mineralization was relatively uninfluenced as judged by the low coefficients of variation (CV) of 3.14-3.51% and 3.39-4.82% for calcium and phosphorus content in the femur and tibia respectively.     

Effects of Cheonnyuncho (Opuntia humifusa) seeds treatment on the mass, quality, and the turnover of bone in ovariectomized rats

Cheonnyuncho (Opuntia humifusa), rich in polyphenols and flavonoids, is known to have medicinal benefits in the treatment of arteriosclerosis and inflammation. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of cheonnyuncho seed powder (OHS) on postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. OHS treatment prevented an ovariectomy (OVX)-induced decrease in biomechanical quality of femurs. OHS also dose-dependently inhibited bone mineral density (BMD) decreases in femurs, which were accompanied by a significant decrease in skeletal remodeling, as evidenced by decreased levels of the bone turnover markers osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and serum and urinary Ca excretion. Micro-CT analysis of femoral metaphysics showed that OHS prevented the OVX-induced decrease in bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number. Concluded, the treatment with OHS improves bone biomechanical quality through modification of BMD and trabecular microarchitecture without hyperplastic effects on the uterus. For these reasons, OHS may be suitable as an alternative treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.     

Pinto bean hull extract supplementation favorably affects markers of bone metabolism and bone structure in mice

Hulls from dry edible beans are rich in phenolic compounds recognized as possessing antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to characterize antioxidant properties of bean hull extract (BHE) and to determine whether BHE supplementation (at 400 or 800 mg/kg for 3 months) affects serum biochemical markers and bone structure in 12-month-old male C57BL/6 mice. Mice supplemented with 800 mg BHE/kg had lower serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and parathyroid hormone concentrations than those on control diet or supplemented with 400 mg BHE/kg. BHE supplementation caused slight decrease in oxidized glutathione concentration in blood (P = 0.07). Compared to the control group, BHE supplementation at 800 mg/kg for 3 months improved bone structural indices, bone mineral density and trabecular thickness in the third lumbar vertebra. These results suggest that BHE supplementation may have beneficial effects on bone health in mice by decreasing bone resorption.     

Effect of bioactive compounds in lactobacilli-fermented soy skim milk on femoral bone microstructure of aging mice

BACKGROUND: Soy skim milks fermented with lactobacilli contain various phytochemicals such as isoflavones and peptides. We used lactobacilli‐fermented soy skim milk as a nutritional supplement for 6 weeks to investigate its anti‐osteoporosis effect in 13‐month‐old female BALB/c aging mice. Freeze‐dried powder of soy skim milk fermented by Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 (NTU 101F) and L. plantarum NTU 102 (NTU 102F) were used in this study. RESULTS: The trabecular bone volumes in mice fed NTU 101F and NTU 102F increased by a factor of 3.48 and 2.16 compared with control values, respectively. The network density and thickness of distal metaphyseal trabecular bone in mice fed with NTU 101F and NTU 102F milks were significantly denser than that of control mice; moreover, the NTU 101F group had the largest resting area ratio and smallest resorbing area compared with other groups. The beneficial effect may due to isoflavones as well as higher amounts of polysaccharide and peptide in NTU 101F milk. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that dietary supplement with fermented soy skim milk can attenuate aging‐induced bone loss in BALB/c mice and possibly lower the risk of osteopenia or osteoporosis in aging. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

灭活型副干酪乳杆菌L9常温酸奶调节肠道菌群缓解便秘作用研究

为评价灭活型副干酪乳杆菌L9常温酸奶润肠通便和调节肠道菌群的作用,招募便秘受试者61人,随机分为两组,分别饮用普通常温酸奶和含L9的常温酸奶28 d,饮用结束后分析受试者便秘相关症状、粪便短链脂肪酸含量和肠道菌群的变化情况。结果显示:与常温酸奶组相比,灭活型副干酪乳杆菌L9常温酸奶组受试者排便次数显著增加(P0.05),排便状况和粪便性状评分极显著降低(P0.01);粪便中丁酸含量极显著增加(P0.01),丙酸和总酸含量显著增加(P0.05);并显著增加产短链脂肪酸的菌属,如Blautia、Ruminococcus_2和[Eubacterium]_hallii_group。研究结果表明,与普通常温酸奶相比,灭活副干酪乳杆菌L9常温酸奶具有更好的调节肠道菌群缓解便秘的作用。本研究旨在为开发含有灭活副干酪乳杆菌L9的相关功能食品提供理论依据。