自然发酵肉制品中乳酸菌的筛选

为获得适合肉制品发酵的优良乳酸菌菌株,对来源于自然发酵肉制品中的25株乳酸菌进行筛选,其中19株在6 g/100 mL NaCl和150 mg/kg NaNO_2液体培养基中生长较好,结合其他发酵特性实验,13株乳酸菌符合肉制品发酵剂标准,挑选其中3株进行产酸能力、生长曲线及不同温度条件下生长情况的研究。结果表明:3株菌均具有较强的增殖及产酸能力;培养12 h时菌株即进入稳定生长期,培养24 h时培养基pH值降到4左右;在肉制品的发酵温度范围内能较好地生长。经形态学和16S rRNA序列分析,3株菌均为弯曲乳杆菌,它们均可作为潜在的开发肉制品发酵剂的出发菌株。     

发酵肉中有益菌的分离筛选研究

以MRS培养基和番茄汁琼脂培养基为基础培养基,从自然发酵的咸肉、咸鱼、香肠中分离得到五个菌株,均为球状菌。经过进一步测试表明:五个菌株在pH5.0左右或低于5.0时生长良好;五株菌在2%～6%的NaCl浓度内生长较适宜,其中有两株菌在10%NaCl的环境中仍能生长,五株菌的生长适宜温度范围在30℃～40℃之间,但在35℃培养时生长最好。基本都能符合肉品发酵剂的要求。     

发酵肉制品中乳酸菌计数培养基的优化

采用平板计数法比较了5种乳酸菌在4种培养基(MRS、SL、TJA与酪蛋白山梨酸培养基)上的生长情况,选择乳酸菌生长最好的培养基,对其pH值、添加山梨酸和纳他霉素进行改良,检测了5种乳酸菌及6种杂菌在此培养基上的生长情况,并用发酵肉制品样品进行验证.结果表明,采用改良TJA培养基对发酵肉制品中乳酸菌计数效果最好,在pH 5.5、添加山梨酸(1000mg/L)和纳他霉素(20mg/L)条件下能排除其他杂菌的干扰,提高乳酸菌计数的准确性.优化后的改良TJA培养基能较好地排除发酵肉制品中的杂菌对乳酸菌计数的影响,可应用于发酵肉制品中乳酸菌的计数.     

4株乳酸菌对模拟胃肠环境的耐受性及生长特性研究

对4株来源于自然发酵肉制品中的乳酸菌进行耐酸耐胆盐性能的测定,选取在pH3.0和含0.3 g/100 mL胆盐的MRS培养基中存活率均超过50%的2株菌（M12、M23）,进一步研究其在模拟胃肠液中的耐受性及MRS培养基中的生长特性。结果表明,这2株乳酸菌对人工模拟胃肠道环境有较好的耐受性,经过人工模拟胃液处理2 h后,存活率均＞50%,经人工模拟肠液处理10 h后仍可存活;这2株菌具有较强的增殖及产酸能力,24 h内均已进入稳定生长期,随着菌体数目的增加,培养基pH值快速降低,在肉制品的发酵温度范围内均能较好地生长。因此,这2株菌可作为潜在的益生菌菌株应用于肉制品的发酵。     

新疆自然发酵骆驼酸乳中乳酸菌降解胆固醇能力研究

以新疆骆驼酸奶分离出的10株初步鉴定为乳酸菌的菌株为研究对象,进行体外胆固醇降解能力的研究。用富集培养方法筛选出具有降解胆固醇能力的乳酸菌,然后将菌株接种到发酵培养基中进行发酵产酶,离心得酶液,用分光光度法测定其酶液对胆固醇的降解率,进而分析研究各菌株降解胆固醇的能力。有9株乳酸菌能够在以胆固醇为唯一碳源和能源的液体培养基中生长,其中3株菌对胆固醇降解率达到了60%。实验通过对自然发酵的骆驼酸乳中分离得到的乳酸菌的体外降解胆固醇的实验研究,表明骆驼酸乳中的乳酸菌具有一定的降解胆固醇的能力。     

乳酸菌和酵母菌对浆水发酵过程中亚硝酸盐的影响

为探索乳酸菌和酵母菌对浆水发酵过程中亚硝酸盐含量的影响,以从浆水中分离出的5株乳酸菌和5株酵母菌为研究对象,测绘了生长曲线。通过硝酸还原实验发现乳酸菌和酵母菌均不能将硝酸盐转变为亚硝酸盐,而将乳酸菌和酵母菌分别接种在含亚硝酸盐的培养基中结果显示亚硝酸盐被降解。把乳酸菌和酵母菌以接种方式分别接入到初始浆水中进行发酵,结果表明接种发酵使浆水中亚硝酸盐含量更低。     

酸和盐胁迫对乳酸菌活性的影响

该研究以13株食品常见乳酸菌为研究对象,考察酸和盐胁迫对其活性的影响,探究这13株乳酸菌的最适酸、盐生长条件及耐酸、耐盐能力。结果表明,适当的低盐浓度（1%、2%）对部分乳酸菌的生长有促进作用,植物乳杆菌和副干酪乳杆菌的最适盐浓度为1%,保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的最适盐浓度为2%;盐浓度进一步增大,13株乳酸菌的生长受到抑制;盐浓度为10%时,除戊糖片球菌、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种、嗜热链球菌和乳酸片球菌外,其余9株菌的生长抑制率都＞95%。当pH值为5～7时,13株乳酸菌都生长良好,pH=6时,7株乳酸菌活性均最高;随着酸胁迫的增强,13株乳酸菌生长受抑制程度增大;pH为1～3时,13株乳酸菌的生长抑制率都＞90%,高盐及高酸对9株杆菌的抑制作用强于4株球菌。     

藏灵菇耐胃肠道环境酵母菌和乳酸菌的筛选

以藏灵菇发酵乳液为原料,分别利用改良的马铃薯乳糖培养基和改良MRS培养基分离出8株酵母菌和10株乳酸菌。以pH值为3.0,质量分数为0.3%牛胆盐的培养液模拟胃肠道环境作为初筛条件,以不同pH值和牛胆盐质量分数作为耐酸和耐胆盐的复筛条件,筛选得到耐受性好活力高的两株酵母菌C3和C8,两株乳酸菌M1和M3。     

不同培养基对丙酸杆菌生长及代谢物抑菌特性的影响

以实验室保存的一株费氏丙酸杆菌CS1420(Propionibacterium freudenreichii CS1420)为试验菌株,比较该菌株在改良PYG培养基中和在乳酸钠培养基中的生长情况及代谢物的抑菌作用。结果表明:两种发酵液中还原糖含量的变化趋势基本一致;试验菌株对乳酸钠的利用略优于对葡萄糖的利用;从发酵液生物量看,菌株在PYG培养基中的生长情况略优于在乳酸钠培养基中的生长情况;两种发酵液的pH都是从初始的7.0降至4.5左右;当用改良PYG培养基作为发酵培养基时,发酵后期发酵液抑菌作用最强;当用乳酸钠培养基作为发酵培养基时,发酵前期发酵液抑菌作用最强。     

以乳清为原料采用混菌发酵技术促进Nisin生产的研究

采用了一种不用外加碱或移除乳酸来达到控制发酵液中乳酸的新技术,即采用乳酸菌和酵母菌的混和发酵来控制pH值以促进乳酸链球菌素(nisin)的生产。其原理是乳酸菌在发酵生产nisin的过程中所产生的乳酸可以被酵母菌利用,从而达到控制发酵液pH值的目的;同时,混菌培养选用的酵母菌不能利用乳清培养基中的乳糖,从而避免了2株菌之间对碳源的竞争,创造了一个互利共生的微生态环境,从而达到促进nisin生产的目的。实验表明,乳酸根的积累对nisin发酵生产具有抑制作用;混合发酵的酵母菌利用了发酵液中的乳酸,促进了乳酸菌生长和nisin生产;酵母菌较乳酸菌提前3h接入到发酵培养基中时,能更好地控制pH值;最佳的接种比例为乳酸菌3%,酵母菌5%。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.