超临界CO2提取番茄红素的工艺研究

以新鲜番茄为原料，打浆后采用冷冻干燥的方法干燥．获得番茄粉。用超临界二氧化碳提取番茄粉中的番茄红素，并研究了用超临界二氧化碳提取番茄红素的最佳工艺参数。实验表明：在30MPa，60℃，2h条件下，以无水乙醇作夹带剂，100g干物料中可以获取47．986g纯度为0．803％的番茄红素的提取物，番茄红素的量可以达到38．551mg左右。     

番茄红素可保护血管调节血脂

番茄红素是类胡萝卜素的一种．呈红色，纯品为红色的晶体．在自然界主要存在于红色果蔬中，以番茄中含量最高，最早也是从番茄中分离提取出来的，故称番茄红素。国外在上世纪就开始关注番茄红素，从60年代起研究番茄红素，到80年代便分析出番茄红素的分子结构及分子量，我国研究番茄红素的历史有近十年的时间。     

液固吸附色谱法分离番茄红素异构体

本文应用液固色谱法成功对5个样品中番茄红素的异构体实现了分离。5个样品中的番茄红素均以反式结构为主，但差异很大，新鲜番茄中反式的番茄红素占96．38％，1％番茄红素油树脂中反式结构的番茄红素只有37．65％。根据其特征紫外吸收和保留时间等特征对异构体的种类进行了初步复写。为进一步研究番茄红素异构体的物化性质和生理活性打下了基础。     

番茄红素HPLC测定的研究

本实验研究了番茄红素的HPLC测定方法。选用V乙腈：V甲醇：V二氯甲烷=21：21：8的流动相，检测波长为412nm，能很好地分离番茄红素及其异构体；番茄红素的保留时间为5．83min，回收率范围在90．55—105．48％之间。实验证实，高纯度全反式番茄红素在光照和接触空气后，极易转变为13-或9-顺式异构体和氧化产物；无水乙醇处理法可使提取物中的番茄红素纯度提高2．5倍；分光光度法测得的番茄红素含量平均是HPLC法的2．4倍。     

超声波湿法提取番茄酱中番茄红素工艺的研究

采用超声波辅助提取工艺，以番茄酱为原料，研究了提取溶剂、原料预处理方式、超声输出功率、提取料液比、提取温度、提取时间等因素对番茄红素提取效果的影响，通过正交实验，确定超声波湿法提取番茄酱中番茄红素的最佳工艺条件为：以乙酸乙酯为提取溶剂，70％乙醇按1：3（w／v）的比例对番茄酱脱水处理3次，超声输出功率160W，料液比1：9（w／v），提取温度40℃，提取时间20min，二级提取，番茄红素提取率为98．7％。所得油树脂番茄红素含量为7．7％。     

番茄红素水溶性包合物的研究

制备了番茄红素-2-羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物，测定了包合物的溶解度、稳定性，比较了包合物及番茄红素的紫外吸光光谱变化，差示扫描量热图谱．结果表明：番茄红素与2-HP-8-CD以摩尔比1：4混合，经研磨法包合处理后，2-羟丙基-β-环糊精与番茄红素形成一种新的物相，包合后番茄红素在水中的溶解度增大到0．5mg／mL，包合物在4℃下放置两个月番茄红素基本不损失，稳定性好。     

番茄红素的研究进展

番茄红素是一种红色的类胡萝卜素，由于不具有维生素A的活性，以前认为是不重要的类胡萝卜素．近年的研究表明，番茄红素具有优越的生理功能．在类胡萝卜素中，番茄红素的抗氧化性最强，并具有防癌抗癌作用．番茄红素能有效地预防前列腺癌，对子宫癌、肺癌细胞的抑制作用显著高于α-、β-胡萝卜素．本文介绍了这种最近引起重视的类胡萝卜素的研究进展．番茄红素是很有前途的一种功能性天然色素．     

天然番茄红素超临界CO2萃取和定量的研究

本研究了超临界CO2萃取天然番茄红素的工艺，确定了提携剂的选择，萃取温度，萃取压力，萃取时间等最佳参数，并对提取物中的番茄红素进行了定量测定。实验表明：30Mpa，55℃，2h，CO2流量为30kg／h，提携剂为30ml大豆色拉油的条件下，提取率达到93．58％，100克干料可以获得29．15克纯度为1．37％的番茄红素提取物。     

番茄红素检测方法的建立

本实验从番茄红素及β-胡萝卜素的紫外图谱差异入手,确定了以氯仿为溶剂,以518．8nm吸收峰为测定波长的番茄红素测定方法,避免了其它类胡罗卜素的干扰。     

Blakeslea trispora发酵生产番茄红素动力学的研究

番茄红素是类胡萝卜素生物合成途径中的一个中间产物，通过添加阻断剂，阻断代谢途径，可以达到番茄红素积累的目的。以Blakeslea trispora为生产菌，研究了番茄红素的发酵动力学，通过各自的模拟方程预测出菌体生长量，产物生成量，以及葡萄糖的消耗量，为工业放大生产番茄红素提供了理论依据和方法。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.