超微粉碎协同微波提取番茄中番茄红素的研究

以番茄作为实验材料,采用超微粉碎协同微波对番茄中番茄红素的提取进行了研究。以番茄红素提取率为指标,在单因素实验的基础上进行正交实验,得出了番茄红素的最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明:超微粉碎协同微波提取番茄红素的最佳工艺条件为微波功率455 W,微波提取时间55s和料液比1∶7。在此优化条件下,番茄红素的提取率为6.46mg/100g。该实验的研究结果可为番茄红素及其他功能性食品成分的提取提供相应参考。     

乙醇处理对番茄皮中番茄红素提取率的影响

以番茄皮为原料,对其中番茄红素的提取工艺进行了研究.确定了乙醇处理法是提高番茄红素提取率最经济有效的方法.进一步试验表明,经乙醇处理后,从番茄皮中提取番茄红素的最佳工艺条件为:以乙酸乙酯为提取溶剂,料液比1:6,提取温度50℃,提取时间1 h,三级提取,番茄红素提取率为98%以上.     

增强番茄红素稳定性制剂的研究进展

番茄红素具有增强机体免疫、预防癌症、延缓慢性病的发生等多种生理功能。作为天然类胡萝卜素,番茄红素为异戊二烯结构,其分子含11个共轭双键和2个非共轭双键。这种多共轭双键结构赋予了番茄红素极强的抗氧化活性,但同时易受光、氧和热的影响而发生氧化降解,稳定性较差,限制了其发展。经制剂化处理可有效增强番茄红素的稳定性,从而有利于其保存、运输及工业化应用。目前,番茄红素稳定性制剂主要包括以各类糊精、蛋白和淀粉为载体制备的包合物类制剂和微胶囊类制剂、以小分子脂质、磷脂等为载体制备的微乳类制剂和脂质体类制剂等。本文即综述了增强番茄红素稳定性制剂的制剂方法及其特性的研究进展,以期为高稳定性番茄红素制剂的开发利用提供理论依据。     

响应面法优化类球红细菌中番茄红素提取工艺

利用响应面法研究有机溶剂提取类球红细菌中番茄红素的工艺。以每克菌体提取所得番茄红素的量作为响应值,在单因素试验基础上,选取皂化时间、料液比、超声时间及提取次数为自变量,采用响应面法研究各因素及其交互作用对类球红细菌番茄红素提取量的影响并建立了番茄红素提取的回归模型,确定了番茄红素提取工艺的最佳条件为以丙酮为提取溶剂、皂化时间28 min、料液比1∶86（g/mL）、超声时间11 min、提取次数2 次。在此条件下,番茄红素提取量为9 326.48 μg/g。本实验所得工艺方法切实可行,为类球红细菌工业化发酵生产番茄红素的进一步研究提供技术参考。     

番茄红素脂质体生物利用率的比较研究

番茄红素的理化性质极大地限制了其生理活性功能的发挥,脂质体作为一种常见药物载体,考虑将其作为番茄红素的产品剂型,提高番茄红素的生物利用率。选取薄膜- 超声法制备番茄红素脂质体,经体外实验及体内实验研究可知：油溶番茄红素在人工胃液和无胆酸盐的人工肠液中无释放,但在添加胆酸盐的人工肠液中释放率达91%;番茄红素脂质体和番茄红素微胶囊在人工胃液中释放率低于22%,在添加胆酸盐和无胆酸盐的人工肠液中24h 释放率均达80%～90%。以油溶番茄红素为参照剂型,自制番茄红素脂质体与市售番茄红素微胶囊均具有较长的体内滞后时间和较低的清除率,延长了有效作用时间;自制番茄红素脂质体相对生物利用率为154.42%,大大优于油溶番茄红素,接近市售番茄红素微胶囊(205.03%)。     

番茄红素微胶囊化的研究

本文对以明胶和蔗糖等多种配方作为壁材,喷雾干燥制备番茄红素微胶囊的工艺进行了探讨。研究表明,经微胶囊化后大大提高了番茄红素的稳定性添加抗氧化剂可提高微胶囊化过程中番茄红素的保留率微胶囊化效率较好的番茄红素产品皆为橙红色粉末,其水溶性、流动性和稳定性均佳。     

番茄红素简便测定方法的建立

番茄红素是一种具有多种生理功能的类胡萝卜素 ,通常状况下与其它类胡萝卜素同时存在于多种生物体中。现有的几种测定番茄红素方法普遍存在着一定的缺陷 ,而HPLC测定又要受到仪器设备及标准样品的限制。作者从番茄红素及 β 胡萝卜素 (影响番茄红素测定的含量最多的类胡萝卜素 )的紫外吸收光谱的差异入手 ,确定了以含 2 %二氯甲烷为溶剂、以50 2nm吸收峰为检测波长的番茄红素测定方法 ,避免了其它类胡萝卜素的干扰 ,并将其转化为用消光系数来计算的形式     

Blakeslea trispora发酵生产番茄红素动力学的研究

番茄红素是类胡萝卜素生物合成途径中的一个中间产物，通过添加阻断剂，阻断代谢途径，可以达到番茄红素积累的目的。以Blakeslea trispora为生产菌，研究了番茄红素的发酵动力学，通过各自的模拟方程预测出菌体生长量，产物生成量，以及葡萄糖的消耗量，为工业放大生产番茄红素提供了理论依据和方法。     

番茄红素的提取及其对果蝇寿命影响的实验研究

本文研究了从番茄酱中提取番茄红素的方法，考察了浸提溶剂、浸提温度、浸提时间、浸提液料比、浸提次数等因素对番茄红素提取效果的影响，经研究确定了番茄红素的最佳提取条件为：以乙酸乙酯为溶剂，浸提温度为45℃，浸提时间为35min，浸提液料比为3：1，浸提次数为3次。并以果蝇为对象，研究了番茄红素的抗衰老作用，证明番茄红素能显著延长果蝇的寿命。     

番茄饮料中番茄红素的检测及稳定性研究

对番茄饮料中番茄红素的提取和分析方法进行了研究。测定了市售5种番茄饮料,确定了番茄饮料中番茄红素以石油醚为提取溶剂,超声波辅助提取法为最佳提取方法,回收率91%;分别用分光光度法和高效液相色谱法作为定量分析方法,并进行了比对。试验还对番茄饮料中的番茄红素稳定性进行了研究,结果表明:番茄饮料中的番茄红素在常温和冷藏条件下比较稳定,而番茄红素溶液在紫外光照下易损失。     

番茄红素微胶囊的制备及性质研究

以番茄红素晶体为芯材,采用明胶+β-环糊精+蔗糖(1:1:1)作为复合壁材,芯材与壁材的质量比为0.2:1,选用无水乙醇作为凝固剂,得到微胶囊化的番茄红素。所得产品水分较低,溶解度高,对光和热的稳定性好,表明番茄红素微胶囊化是保存番茄红素一种较好的方法,能延长番茄红素的保存时间。     

高顺式番茄红素制备工艺研究

番茄红素是一种具有优越生理活性的功能因子,相比天然全反式番茄红素,顺式结构的番茄红素具有更高的生物活性和生物利用率。以全反式番茄红素为原料,脂肪酸为溶剂,采用微波加热法对番茄红素进行异构化,探究脂肪酸,微波条件,催化剂对番茄红素异构化的影响。以番茄红素顺式占比为指标,通过单因素试验,对微波加热法制备高顺式番茄红素工艺进行优化。研究结果表明,微波温度81 ℃,微波功率600 W,微波时间11 min,亚油酸和辛癸酸甘油酯1:1比例添加3 mL,催化剂二烯丙基二硫添加量80 mg/mL,此条件下得到13Z,(5Z,9Z)及其他未知未知异构体组分番茄红素总顺式占比为(40.19±0.27)%。稳定性试验表明,温度越低,番茄红素保留率越高,等温条件下,反式最稳定,(5Z, 9Z)次之,13Z最不稳定。此方案可以有效提高番茄红素顺式占比,从而提高番茄红素在人体内的消化吸收,提高生物利用率,并为开发含番茄红素的功能食用油产品提供了理论依据。     

Lycopene in tomatoes: chemical and physical properties affected by food processing

Lycopene is the pigment principally responsible for the characteristic deep-red color of ripe tomato fruits and tomato products. It has attracted attention due to its biological and physicochemical properties, especially related to its effects as a natural antioxidant. Although it has no provitamin A activity, lycopene does exhibit a physical quenching rate constant with singlet oxygen almost twice as high as that of beta-carotene. This makes its presence in the diet of considerable interest. Increasing clinical evidence supports the role of lycopene as a micronutrient with important health benefits, because it appears to provide protection against a broad range of epithelial cancers. Tomatoes and related tomato products are the major source of lycopene compounds, and are also considered an important source of carotenoids in the human diet. Undesirable degradation of lycopene not only affects the sensory quality of the final products, but also the health benefit of tomato-based foods for the human body. Lycopene in fresh tomato fruits occurs essentially in the all-trans configuration. The main causes of tomato lycopene degradation during processing are isomerization and oxidation. Isomerization converts all-trans isomers to cis-isomers due to additional energy input and results in an unstable, energy-rich station. Determination of the degree of lycopene isomerization during processing would provide a measure of the potential health benefits of tomato-based foods. Thermal processing (bleaching, retorting, and freezing processes) generally cause some loss of lycopene in tomato-based foods. Heat induces isomerization of the all-trans to cis forms. The cis-isomers increase with temperature and processing time. In general, dehydrated and powdered tomatoes have poor lycopene stability unless carefully processed and promptly placed in a hermetically sealed and inert atmosphere for storage. A significant increase in the cis-isomers with a simultaneous decrease in the all-trans isomers can be observed in the dehydrated tomato samples using the different dehydration methods. Frozen foods and heat-sterilized foods exhibit excellent lycopene stability throughout their normal temperature storage shelf life. Lycopene bioavailability (absorption) can be influenced by many factors. The bioavailability of cis-isomers in food is higher than that of all-trans isomers. Lycopene bioavailability in processed tomato products is higher than in unprocessed fresh tomatoes. The composition and structure of the food also have an impact on the bioavailability of lycopene and may affect the release of lycopene from the tomato tissue matrix. Food processing may improve lycopene bioavailability by breaking down cell walls, which weakens the bonding forces between lycopene and tissue matrix, thus making lycopene more accessible and enhancing the cis-isomerization. More information on lycopene bioavailability, however, is needed. The pharmacokinetic properties of lycopene remain particularly poorly understood. Further research on the bioavalability, pharmacology, biochemistry, and physiology must be done to reveal the mechanism of lycopene in human diet, and the in vivo metabolism of lycopene. Consumer demand for healthy food products provides an opportunity to develop lycopene-rich food as new functional foods, as well as food-grade and pharmaceutical-grade lycopene as new nutraceutical products. An industrial scale, environmentally friendly lycopene extraction and purification procedure with minimal loss of bioactivities is highly desirable for the foods, feed, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. High-quality lycopene products that meet food safety regulations will offer potential benefits to the food industry.     

番茄红素提纯工艺条件的研究

以番茄红素油树脂为原料,利用皂化法和重结晶法作为主要提纯工艺,纯化得出高含量的番茄红素晶体。通过单因素及正交试验,确定番茄红素提纯工艺的最佳提取条件为番茄红素油树脂∶丙三醇∶氢氧化钾∶无水乙醇比例4∶3∶1∶1（V/V）,皂化温度70 ℃,皂化时间2.5 h,重结晶时间48 h,在此条件下番茄红素纯度达到61.64%。 关键词：中图分类号：TS264.2 文章编号：0254-5071（20１6）03-0111-03 doi:     

Stability of Lycopene Emulsions in Food Systems

ABSTRACT The chemical stability of lycopene and the physical stability of lycopene emulsions diluted in 3 different food systems (skimmed milk, orange juice, and water as control) were studied. In these investigations, 3 different emulsifiers were used. It was found that lycopene stability strongly depends on the food system. In orange juice, lycopene is particularly stable. The emulsifiers used have only little influence on the stability of lycopene. Emulsions with α-tocopherol as an additional antioxidant showed a good lycopene stability in all food systems. Coalescence of oil droplets was not observed in any of the food systems investigated. Keywords: lycopene, stability, food systems     

Influence of cold storage and blanching on the carotenoid content of Kintoki carrots

A high consumption of lycopene is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. A lycopene containing carrot variety, Kintoki, with about 9 mg lycopene on a wet weight basis could, besides tomatoes, probably serve as an additional source of lycopene in the diet. High availability and stability of lycopene is achieved in carrot products after blanching at high temperatures (T=90 °C) and oxygen-free conditions.     

番茄粉在加工和贮藏过程中番茄红素的稳定性研究

对番茄粉在加工和贮藏过程中番茄红素的稳定性进行了研究。番茄粉在加工和贮藏过程中,番茄红素将会发生氧化降解和异构化。采用高效液相色谱和二极管阵列分析测定了番茄红素的损失率以及番茄红素顺势异构体的变化。当番茄在85℃破碎1min时, 0.56%的番茄红素发生了降解。番茄浆料浓缩时,分别有6.24%和3.05%的番茄红素发生了氧化降解和异构化。在喷雾干燥过程中,约有1.1%的番茄红素发生了降解,2.1%的番茄红素变成了顺式异构体。当番茄粉在和37℃室温下贮藏6周后,番茄红素的保留率分别为70%和86%。     

大鼠对番茄红素表观消化率的研究

番茄红素的研究报道主要集中在番茄红素的提取和制备、基础及药理研究等方面,而涉及番茄红素的体内消化吸收和剂量安全性方面的研究报道则相对较少。采用番茄红素含量为0．006％番茄酱和浓度分别为2％、4％和6％的番茄红素油树脂对大鼠进行灌胃试验,收集其粪便和尿液,对其中的番茄红素进行萃取,并根据国际标准检测其中番茄红素的含量,最终计算出消化率为99％以上。     

番茄红素及其生物合成途径的研究

介绍番茄红素具有的理化特性和生理功能,植物中番茄红素的生物合成途径及其调控。由于番茄红素的特定分子结构,使其具有抗癌、保护皮肤、延缓衰老等功能特性,是对人类健康有益的食物成分。而随着番茄红素合成途径的阐明及对其合成调控的研究,运用基因工程手段调控番茄红素的生物合成已成为现实。