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壳聚糖及其应用研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文为壳聚糖在各方面的研究应用提供了基础知识及理论依据。综述了壳聚糖的结构、性质、提取方法及壳聚糖在医学领域、水处理方面和作为膜材料在果蔬、肉制品等方面的应用。同时对壳聚糖的应用前景进行了展望。结果壳聚糖独特的理化性质和生物特性使其作为优良的药物制剂辅料,在药物制剂中起着不可估量的作用。另外,壳聚糖良好的成膜性、黏性、抗菌性及成膜后适宜的阻隔性使其在果蔬、肉制品等保鲜领域的应用更为突出。结论壳聚糖是大多数研究应用领域中不可或缺的原材料。 相似文献
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壳聚糖成膜溶液及其膜相关性质研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以不同体积分数的乙酸溶液为分散剂,不同质量浓度的山梨醇为增塑剂,配制不同质量浓度的两种脱乙酰度壳聚糖溶液,探讨不同质量浓度基质对壳聚糖溶液pH值和电导率的影响,阐述壳聚糖溶液在成膜过程中各离子的聚合情况。对壳聚糖成膜溶液的流变学性质进行研究,并对其形成的膜进行表征,分析山梨醇对壳聚糖成膜溶液及其膜性质的影响。结果表明:壳聚糖成膜溶液体系中,主要是山梨醇、乙酸与壳聚糖中的各种离子结合形成黏稠的溶液。含与不含山梨醇作为增塑剂的壳聚糖成膜溶液均表现出假塑性流体,山梨醇与两种脱乙酰度的壳聚糖均有很好的相容性,能够形成均匀、连续的膜,使壳聚糖膜的吸热峰和放热峰发生一定的迁移,对其热稳定性有一定的影响。 相似文献
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主要探讨壳聚糖溶液在成膜过程中相关性质的变化和成膜后性质的研究。以两种脱乙酰度(DD)的壳聚糖和山梨醇作为研究对象,用乙酸配制溶液,分析不同浓度的基质对溶液pH和电导率的影响。其次,对壳聚糖形成的膜用扫描电镜(SEM)观察表面和断面的微观结构,用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对壳聚糖成膜前后的热力学特性进行测试。结果表明,在壳聚糖溶液体系中,主要是山梨醇、乙酸和壳聚糖的各种离子结合形成粘稠的溶液。山梨醇与两种脱乙酰度的壳聚糖均有很好的相容性,能够形成均匀、连续的膜。壳聚糖成膜后吸热峰的温度升高而放热峰的温度降低,吸热和放热的热焓值均降低。 相似文献
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以明胶和壳聚糖作为成膜介质 ,探讨了交联剂质量浓度、pH、增塑剂质量浓度、成膜温度、成膜材料质量浓度等对膜的抗拉强度、穿刺强度和水溶性的影响 ,得到了具有良好抗水抗油能力并具有一定强度的明胶膜和壳聚糖膜 . 相似文献
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以壳聚糖为原料,研究戊二醛添加量、干燥温度、纳米二氧化硅添加量、甘油添加量及电场处理对壳聚糖膜性质的影响,通过壳聚糖膜的透过率、吸水率、色度、抗拉强度及最大伸长率等指标来确定壳聚糖成膜的最优条件。结果表明,在40 g的1.5%壳聚糖乙酸溶液中,加入2 g戊二醛溶液、0.05 g纳米二氧化硅、0.2 mL甘油, 200 V电压处理30 min,铺板在30℃下烘干制成的膜性质较好。扫描电镜图片表明加入二氧化硅对壳聚糖膜的微观结构有较大改变。红外图谱表明在制膜过程中并未产生新的基团。 相似文献
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壳聚糖通过分子内和分子间氢键连接形成具有粘性的成膜溶液,流延干燥后可形成高透明度的可食膜。又因壳聚糖膜具有一定的机械性能、阻气性和抑菌性,已广泛应用于食品贴体包装,来提高食品质量。纯壳聚糖膜的力学性能、阻水性等不能满足理想包装的高保护性、高防潮性的要求,限制了其在食品包装方面的应用。在实际生产中,壳聚糖常与其他成膜材料、抗菌物质复合,改善其机械性能、阻隔性及抑菌性能,延长食品货架期。本文概述了壳聚糖的制备、纯壳聚糖膜的成膜机理和特性;重点综述了壳聚糖分子上的氨基、羟基等与多糖类(如淀粉、果胶)、蛋白质类(如明胶)、脂质(如甘油、植物精油)等聚合物分子上的羰基、羟基、乙酰基等通过氢键、静电相互作用,形成抗拉强度高、阻气性好、抑菌能力强的复合膜,为壳聚糖复合膜的开发和应用、提高食品安全性提供技术支持。 相似文献
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Wei Zhang Jiali Zhang Wenshui Xia 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2012,47(11):2266-2272
Three different molecular weights of chitosan were pulverised to nanoparticles by wet media milling. The effects of the milling on properties of chitosan, such as viscosity average molecular weight (Mv), ash content, the degree of deacetylation (DD), particle size, chemical structure, colour, swelling power and apparent viscosity, were investigated. Our results showed that high (578.3 kDa), medium (181.6 kDa) and low (66.3 kDa) molecular weight chitosan with particle size of 342.7, 358.1 and 346.2 μm were milled to nanometre range after 1, 1.5 and 2.5 h of milling, respectively. After 5 h of milling, the particle sizes of the three samples were decreased to 543.8, 366.6 and 308.4 nm, respectively. Chitosan did not show significant increase in ash contents after milling. The milling decreased the Mv of chitosan, but did not change DD and the chemical structure. The suspension of chitosan nanoparticles was of cream‐white colour. The swelling powder and apparent viscosity of chitosan increased after the milling treatment. 相似文献
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Aygul Kucukgulmez Mehmet Celik Yasemen Yanar Didem Sen Hurriyet Polat A. Eslem Kadak 《Food chemistry》2011
In this study, chitosan was extracted from Metapenaeus stebbingi shells. In order to determine physicochemical characteristics of the extracted chitosan, the yield, moisture and ash contents, degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, water and fat binding capacities, apparent viscosity and colour properties were measured using a variety of techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. In addition, the physicochemical characteristics of the chitosan extracted from M. stebbingi shells were compared to commercial chitosan. The degree of deacetylation was calculated by the titration method and elemental analysis. The molecular weight was determined by viscosimetric methods. The results of the study indicate that shrimp shells are a rich source of chitosan as 17.48% of the shell’s dry weight is consisted of this material. Extracted chitosan exhibited a lower molecular weight, higher degree of deacetylation, higher viscosity and higher water and fat binding capacities compared to the commercial chitosan. 相似文献
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研究壳聚糖对受试菌株大肠杆菌(E.coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(St. aureus)的抑制作用;通过测定壳聚糖作用前后菌液的相对电导率变化和以1-N- 苯萘胺为荧光探针荧光强度的变化,分别考察壳聚糖对E.coli 和St. aureus 细胞膜和E.coli 外膜渗透性的影响;运用荧光分光光度计研究壳聚糖对E.coli 细胞膜中色氨酸(Trp)荧光强度的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖具有很好的抑菌性能,能改变细菌细胞膜的渗透性,从而破坏细胞膜。壳聚糖对细胞膜中Trp 的荧光具有明显的猝灭作用,且对细胞膜蛋白的猝灭作用 属于静态猝灭。 相似文献
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Shelf‐stable intermediate‐moisture (IM) meat products were developed using a combination of hurdles such as reduced aw, active edible coating of chitosan, and irradiation. Chitosan prepared from chitin had a viscosity of 16 c P, molecular weight of 17.54 kDa, and a degree of deacetylation (DD) of 74%. The nitrogen content of the chitosan was estimated to be 7.56%. The antioxidant activity of chitosan increased upon irradiation without significantly affecting its antimicrobial property. The effect of irradiated chitosan coating in terms of its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties in IM meat products immediately after irradiation and during storage was assessed. The aw of meat products such as mutton sheek kababs and streaky bacon was first reduced to 0.85 ± 0.02. The products were then coated with chitosan and irradiated (4 kGy). No viable bacteria or fungi were detected in chitosan‐coated, irradiated products. In contrast, IM meat products that were not subjected to gamma radiation showed visible fungal growth within 2 wk. The chitosan‐coated products showed lower thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) than the noncoated samples for up to 4 wk of storage at ambient temperature. The studies thus clearly indicated the potential use of chitosan coating for the preparation of safe and stable meat products. 相似文献
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壳聚糖与纤维素的结合及其抗菌性能的研究 总被引:20,自引:4,他引:20
针对壳聚糖在天然纤维织物抗菌后整理中的应用,研究了壳聚糖分子量和脱乙酰度对抗菌性能的影响,并采用XPS和傅里叶红外变换光谱技术对壳聚糖在织物上的吸附状态进行了分析。 相似文献
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壳聚糖溶液的流变学性质及应用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对壳聚糖稀溶液的流变学性质进行了研究,探讨了分子量和脱乙酰度结构参数以及温度、浓度、剪切速率、pH、离子强度等环境因素对壳聚糖稀溶液流变性质的影响。结果表明:壳聚糖溶液的黏度随分子量的增大而增大;随着脱乙酰度的增大和pH的增大,壳聚糖溶液的黏度先减小后增大,分别在脱乙酰度70.8%和pH4.9时黏度达到最小;离子强度的增大导致壳聚糖溶液的黏度降低。壳聚糖溶液是剪切变稀的假塑性流体,其黏度随浓度的增加逐渐增加,随温度的升高而减小,在0~80℃范围内,温度对壳聚糖溶液的黏度的影响符合Arrhenius模型,活化能为32.60kJ/mol。因此当作为食品增稠剂时,应该选用高分子量、高脱乙酰度的壳聚糖,添加到酸性低盐食品体系中。 相似文献