加拿大一枝黄花化学成分的研究

目的 分离和鉴定加拿大一枝黄花Solidago canadensis的化学成分.方法 用色谱技术分离、纯化,通过理化常数和波谱分析鉴定化合物结构.结果 从乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了7个化合物,分别为2-羟基-6-甲氧基苯甲酸(Ⅰ).3-甲酰吲哚(Ⅱ)、3β,4α-二羟基-6β-当归酰-13Z-烯-15,16-克罗烷内酯(Ⅲ)、3β,4α-二羟基-6β-巴豆酰-13Z-烯-15,16-克罗烷内酯(Ⅳ),α-菠菜甾醇(Ⅴ)、山柰酚(Ⅵ)和槲皮素(Ⅶ).结论 化合物Ⅱ为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅰ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ均为首次从该种植物中分离得到.     

加拿大一枝黄花化学成分的研究

目的分离和鉴定加拿大一枝黄花Solidago canadensis的化学成分。方法用色谱技术分离、纯化,通过理化常数和波谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果从乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了7个化合物,分别为2-羟基-6-甲氧基苯甲酸(Ⅰ)、3-甲酰吲哚(Ⅱ)、3β,4α-二羟基-6β-当归酰-13Z-烯-15,16-克罗烷内酯(Ⅲ)、3β,4α-二羟基-6β-巴豆酰-13Z-烯-15,16-克罗烷内酯(Ⅳ)、α-菠菜甾醇(Ⅴ)、山柰酚(Ⅵ)和槲皮素(Ⅶ)。结论化合物Ⅱ为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅰ、Ⅲ～Ⅴ均为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

藏紫菀化学成分的研究

目的研究藏紫菀的化学成分。方法用硅胶和Sephadex LH-20柱等进行分离纯化,用物理、化学和光谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果分离并鉴定出6种化合物,分别为：β-谷甾醇（Ⅰ）、α-菠菜甾醇（Ⅱ）、18,19-二羟基-5α,10β-新克罗烷-二烯＊丁烯羟酸内酯（Ⅲ）、胡萝卜苷（Ⅳ）、水杨酸（Ⅴ）、芹菜素（Ⅵ）。结论化合物Ⅱ、Ⅴ系首次从此种植物中分离得到。     

瓦松化学成分的研究(Ⅱ)

目的 研究瓦松的化学成分.方法 用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20色谱柱分离、纯化,通过理化性质、光谱数据分析鉴定结构.结果 从瓦松中分离鉴定了5个化合物,分别为齐墩果酸(Ⅰ),胡萝卜苷(Ⅱ),草质素-8-O-α-D-来苏糖苷(Ⅲ),3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(Ⅳ),尿嘧啶(Ⅴ).结论 化合物Ⅱ～Ⅴ为首次从该属植物中分离得到;化合物Ⅰ系首次从该植物中分离得到.     

瓦松化学成分的研究(Ⅱ)

目的研究瓦松的化学成分。方法用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20色谱柱分离、纯化,通过理化性质、光谱数据分析鉴定结构。结果从瓦松中分离鉴定了5个化合物,分别为齐墩果酸(Ⅰ),胡萝卜苷(Ⅱ),草质素-8-O-α-D-来苏糖苷(Ⅲ),3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(Ⅳ),尿嘧啶(Ⅴ)。结论化合物Ⅱ～Ⅴ为首次从该属植物中分离得到;化合物Ⅰ系首次从该植物中分离得到。     

玉竹化学成分研究

目的 研究黄精属植物玉竹[Polygonatum odoratum(Mill.)Druce]的化学成分.方法 用硅胶,Sephadex LH-20,ODS柱层析和制备HPLC等分离纯化,通过波谱及质谱分析鉴定化合物结构.结果 分离得到5种化合物,分别鉴定为N-反式阿魏酸酪酰胺 (N-trans-feruloyl tyramine,Ⅰ),5-羟甲基糠醛(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural,Ⅱ),(-)-丁香树脂酚[(-)-syringaresinol,Ⅲ],3β,14α-二羟基-(25S)-螺甾烷醇-5-烯[3β,14α-dihydroxy-(25S)-spirost-5-ene,Ⅳ]和β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,Ⅴ).结论 化合物Ⅰ系首次从黄精属中分离得到,化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ系首次从玉竹中分离得到.     

霞草花化学成分研究

目的研究霞草花的化学成分。方法用色谱技术分离、纯化,通过理化常数和波谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果从霞草花分离出7种化合物,分别为丁香醛(Ⅰ),皂草黄素(Ⅱ),大豆脑苷Ⅰ(Ⅲ),3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(Ⅳ),熊果苷(Ⅴ),β-谷甾醇(Ⅵ),胡萝卜苷(Ⅶ)。结论化合物Ⅰ~Ⅶ均为首次从霞草花中分离得到,其中化合物Ⅰ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ为首次从该属植物分离得到,化合物Ⅱ为首次从该种植物分离得到。     

中华猕猴桃根化学成分的研究

目的:研究中华猕猴桃根的化学成分.方法:采用硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,通过理化常数测定结合谱学分析鉴定化合物的结构.结果:从中华猕猴桃根中分离并鉴定了7个化合物,分别为:β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ),硬脂酸葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ),胡萝卜苷(Ⅲ),表-儿茶素(Ⅳ),2α,3α,24-三羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸(Ⅴ),正丁基果糖苷(Ⅵ),蔗糖(Ⅶ).结论:化合物Ⅱ和Ⅵ为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

中华猕猴桃根化学成分的研究

目的研究中华猕猴桃根的化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,通过理化常数测定结合谱学分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果从中华猕猴桃根中分离并鉴定了7个化合物,分别为:β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ),硬脂酸葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ),胡萝卜苷(Ⅲ),表-儿茶素(Ⅳ),2α,3α,24-三羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸(Ⅴ),正丁基果糖苷(Ⅵ),蔗糖(Ⅶ)。结论化合物Ⅱ和Ⅵ为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

葎草化学成分的研究

目的 研究葎草的化学成分.方法 采用反复柱色谱法分离,利用化合物的波谱学数据结合理化性质鉴定化合物的结构.结果 分离并鉴定了7个化合物:β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ)、Ⅳ-P-香豆酰酪胺(Ⅱ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅲ)、芹菜素(Ⅳ)、豆甾醇(Ⅴ)、木犀草素(Ⅵ)、大波斯菊苷(Ⅶ).结论 化合物Ⅰ～Ⅴ为首次从此植物中分离得到.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.